Improvement of the Performance of a Utility Oil Fired Boiler by Modifying the Design of Burners and Atomizers

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Diego-Marin ◽  
Carlos Melendez-Cervantes ◽  
Angel Alberto Mendez Aranda ◽  
Armando Giles-Alarcon
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Unburned Carbon ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Cold Model ◽  
Carbon Particles

Reduction of both atomizing steam and particulate emissions were investigated in a 350 MWe utility boiler. A residual fuel oil was dispersed as a fine mist into the furnace with sixteen atomizers of internal turbulent chamber type. The existing atomizers were replaced by Y-jet type atomizers. To do this, full scale prototypes were designed and tested in a cold model rig using mineral oil as the fuel and compressed air as the atomizing medium. The oil droplet size distribution was measured from a single port of each prototype by using a Malvern particle sizer. The prototype to be tested in the power station was selected based on the smallest oil droplets produced along with lower compressed air consumption. In the power station, the burners were modified to install the new design of Y-jet atomizers. Field tests were conducted at 50, 75 and 100% load. Atomizing steam was measured, as well as particulate emissions and the furnace exist flue gas temperature. With the Y-jet atomizers, the atomizing steam was reduced 55% with respect to the original atomizers; the unburned carbon particles were reduced by a maximum of 50%, the furnace exit gas temperature was similar between the two type of atomizers and no side effects were observed in the boiler.

The Role of Atomizing Medium in the Effectiveness of Water-Oil Emulsions to Reduce Unburned Carbon Particles

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Diego-Marin ◽  
Carlos Melendez-Cervantes ◽  
Alejandro Mani-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Unburned Carbon ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Carbon Particles

Two older boilers were burning low grade heavy fuel oil (number 6) and emitting large amounts of unburned carbon particles. Owing to the short life remaining of the units and economic constrains, it was not possible to change to a better fuel or install new burners. To contribute to the solution of this problem, an experimental program was carried out by emulsifying water in the fuel oil. Tests were performed in a scale furnace (0.35MWth) and the emulsions that produced the best results were assessed in the two boilers, 28 and 34 MWe capacity with Y-jet atomizer type. The system to prepare the emulsion was very simple: water was added into the oil before the fuel oil pump, no chemical products were added and a static mixed was used to improve the water size distribution, which 90% ranged from 1 to 9 micron. In the pilot furnace the emulsions were prepared with 5 and 10% water and atomized with compressed air. Particle reductions of 43 and 67% were obtained compared with the net heavy fuel oil. In the boilers, the emulsions were prepared with the same amount of water, and were atomized with saturated steam. In the 28 MWe boiler, a similar particle reduction was obtained to that of the scale furnace. However, in the 34 MWe boiler there was no particle abatement. By using a commercial fluid dynamic computer code, it was found that the combustion air transferred heat to the steam raising its temperature. Thus, in the mixing chamber of the Y-jet atomizers, the steam was superheated and destroyed the water droplets of the emulsion. Compressed air and saturated steam as atomizing medium of the emulsions had similar effect on the unburned particle reduction. However, the effectiveness of the emulsions may be affected by the steam. Care should be taken to avoid the use of steam with a temperature higher than the saturated water temperature.

Experimental Study in a 350 MWe Utility Boiler of Oil Droplet and Coke Size Analysis

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Diego-Marin ◽  
Carlos Melendez-Cervantes ◽  
Armando Giles-Alarcon
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Unburned Carbon ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Droplet ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Micron Size

A study was carried out to find out the cause of premature plugging of air heaters of a 350 MWe oil fired boiler. The unit burnt a heavy fuel oil number 6, with both high levels of sulfur (3.75%) and asphaltenes (16.2%), as well as high viscosity (555 SSF at 50°C) and API gravity of 11.2. Particle concentration at the furnace exit and at the stack were measured, also flue gas analyses were performed at the same sites. In the furnace were employed water cooled probes of six meters in length which allowed traversing 70% of its width. In addition, the oil droplet size distribution from an atomizer was measured with a Malver Particle Sizer. Cold condition using simulating fluids were taken in this analysis. Also, the unburned carbon particles size distribution, both from the furnace exit and from the stack, was performed with a particle Malver Sizer. The atomizer produced large oil drops, 5.7% by volume larger than 300 micron size, which were considered as promoters of unburned carbon. The concentration of carbon particles in the stack was 60% of that of the furnace exit. Furthermore, the particles from the stack were of smaller size (95% <150 μm) than those of the furnace (89% <150 μm). Deposition of carbon particles in the internal component of the boiler, mainly in the air heaters, was the cause of this finding. To solve the premature plugging of the air heaters of this oil fired boiler, the atomizers should be modified to reduce at a minimum level the oil drops larger than 200 micron size.

The Esso Energy Award Lecture, 1988 - Improvements in the combustion of heavy fuel oils

1989 ◽  
Vol 423 (1865) ◽  
pp. 233-265 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coke Formation ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oils ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
The Individual

The changing pattern of demand for oil products has required that refining practices be adjusted to maximize yields of premium products from crudes. There has been a concomitant deterioration in the quality of the ‘residual’ or ‘heavy’ fuel oil used in power generation. A major constraint on the burning of such heavy fuel is a restriction on particulate emissions. These emissions largely comprise carbon particles (coke), which form from the individual oil spray droplets and remain unburnt. Poorer quality oils have an increased propensity to form coke, and can give rise to unacceptable emissions. One way of countering these increases is to make the fuel spray finer and hence improve burn-out. Research has been aimed firstly at quantifying the effects of those oil properties that directly influence coke formation and combustion and then at developing improved atomizers and water-in-oil emulsions to reduce droplet sizes.

Numerical simulation and field test study of desulfurization wastewater evaporation treatment through flue gas

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1285-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-jia Deng ◽  
Liang-ming Pan ◽  
De-qi Chen ◽  
Yu-quan Dong ◽  
Cheng-mu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitator ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Desulfurization Wastewater

Aimed at cost saving and pollution reduction, a novel desulfurization wastewater evaporation treatment system (DWETS) for handling wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) wastewater of a coal-fired power plant was studied. The system's advantages include simple process, and less investment and space. The feasibility of this system has been proven and the appropriate position and number of nozzles, the spray droplet size and flue gas temperature limitation have been obtained by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The simulation results show that a longer duct, smaller diameter and higher flue gas temperature could help to increase the evaporation rate. The optimal DWETS design of Shangdu plant is 100 μm droplet sprayed by two nozzles located at the long duct when the flue gas temperature is 130 °C. Field tests were carried out based on the simulation results. The effects of running DWETS on the downstream devices have been studied. The results show that DWETS has a positive impact on ash removal efficiency and does not have any negative impact on the electrostatic precipitator (ESP), flue gas heat exchanger and WFGD. The pH values of the slurry of WFGD slightly increase when the DWETS is running. The simulation and field test of the DWETS show that it is a feasible future technology for desulfurization wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals MASSIVE USE OF BERM RELOCATION AND SURFWASHING DURING THE 2006 JYEH OIL SPILL (LEBANON): THE ACCURATE RESPONSE FOR BEACHES CLEANUP

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Fichaut ◽  
Bahr Loubnan
Keyword(s):  
Surf Zone ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Sediment Removal ◽  
Calm Weather ◽  
Oily Waste

ABSTRACT Following the bombardment of the Jyeh power station in Lebanon on July 16 2006, about 10 to 15000 tons of heavy fuel oil drifted 150 km northward all the way to the Syrian border. Because of the continuing war, the cleanup operations could not start until early September. The response consisted of conceptually dividing the coast line into several sectors managed by various operators; from Jyeh to Beyrouth, a 34.5 km stretch of shoreline, the treatment of beaches was assigned to the lebanese N.G.O “Bahr Loubnan’. In this area, 5.3 km of sandy and gravel beaches appeared to be heavily oiled on a width that seldomly exceeded 10 m. Oil was found buried down to a depth of 1.8 m at several locations. Additionnally oil was also found sunken in shallow waters in the breaker zones of numerous beaches. In order to minimize sediment removal and production of oily waste to be treated, it was decided to operate massive treatmenN in situ. After manual recovery of stranded oil, about 12,000 m of sediment including 1,000 m of cobbles have been relocated in the surf zone. Despite the lack of tides and of the generally calm weather conditions, surfwashing was very efficient due mainly to the fact that, in non tidal conditions, sediments are continuously reworked by wave açtion which operates at the same level on the beaches. Only 540 m of heavily oiled sand, was removed from beaches and submitted for further treatment. The lack of appropriate sorbents material in Lebanon to capture the floating oil released by surfwahing was also a challenge. This was addressed by using locally Nmanufactured sorbents, which proved to be very efficient and 60 m of sorbent soaked with oil were produced during the cleanup.

scholarly journals Investigations of dynamic characteristics of a tall industrial chimney due to light wind and solar radiation

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 087-094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Breuer ◽  
Tadeusz Chmielewski ◽  
Piotr Górski ◽  
Eduard Konopka ◽  
Lesław Tarczyński
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Modal Damping ◽  
Wind Response ◽  
Satellite Signal ◽  
Air Temperature Variations

The present paper describes field tests conducted on the 300 m tall industrial chimney, located in the power station of Bełchatów (Poland), where the GPS rover receivers were installed at three various levels. The objectives of these GPS tests were to investigate the deformed vertical profile of this chimney, and its dynamic characteristics, i.e. the first natural frequency and the modal damping ratios. The results for the satellite signal receptions, the synopsis of recorded baselines and their ambiguity solutions, drifts of the chimney due to solar radiation and air temperature variations and dynamic wind response characteristics are presented.

scholarly journals Performance of the Integrated Gas and Steam Cycle (IGSC) for Reheat Gas Turbines

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Takeya ◽  
Hajime Yasui
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Ceramic Coating ◽  
Research Association ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Blade Cooling ◽  
Advanced Technologies

In 1978, the Japanese government started a national project for energy conservation called the Moonlight Project. The Engineering Research Association for Advanced Gas Turbines was selected to research and develop an advanced gas turbine for this project. The development stages were planned as follows: First, the development of a reheat gas turbine for a pilot plant (AGTJ-100A), and second, a prototype plant (AGTJ-100B). The AGTJ-100A has been undergoing performance tests since 1984 at the Sodegaura Power Station of the Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. (TEPCO). The inlet gas temperature of the high pressure turbine (HPT) of the AGTJ-100A is 1573K, while that of the AGTJ-100B is 100K higher. Therefore, various advanced technologies have to be applied to the AGTJ-100B HPT. Ceramic coating on the HPT blades is the most desirable of these technologies. In this paper, the present situation of development, as well as future R & D plans for ceramic coating, is taken into consideration. Steam blade cooling is applied for the IGSC.

Calcination-carbonization two-step process to improve the brightness of fly ash and its application in paper filling

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Hui-ming Fan ◽  
Gao-peng Zhu ◽  
Ya-nan Qi ◽  
Jian-an Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Unburned Carbon ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Carbonation Reaction ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Composite Filler ◽  
High Temperature Calcination

Abstract Chromogenic sources such as carbon particles and magnetic particles are the key factors restricting the brightness of fly ash. This study explored the feasibility of calcination-carbonation two-step method to improve the brightness of fly ash and apply it to paper filling. The results show that Under the condition of high temperature, the unburned carbon particles in fly ash are removed, and the brightness of fly ash is increased from 30 %ISO to 49 %ISO with the increase of burning loss. The dense calcium carbonate coating can be formed on the surface of fly ash particles modified by the carbonation reaction process after high temperature calcination, and the brightness of fly ash can be further raised to about 66 %ISO. The composite filler prepared by two-step method can be used to paper filling, the brightness of the paper can reach 76 % ISO, and it has good opacity at 20 % filling. Therefore, it is feasible to prepare fly ash-based composite filler by calcining-carbonization method.

Kalaeloa: Combined Cycle Power Station Burning Low Sulfur Fuel Oil in Its Ninth Successful Year

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. R. Khalaf ◽  
B. Basler
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Performance Issues ◽  
Low Sulfur

This paper presents the O&M experience at the Kalaeloa Cogeneration Plant. Performance issues and other problems related to firing heavy oil in a combustion turbine are presented together with their long-term solutions leading to the current successful operation of the IPP power station in Hawaii, USA.

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