The Pipeline Design Method Against Large Fault Displacement

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita Oda ◽  
Shozo Kishi ◽  
Masakatsu Miyajima
Keyword(s):  
Fault Location ◽  
Elastic Limit ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Shell Element ◽  
Large Displacement ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Fault Displacement ◽  
Pipeline Design

This study proposes “water pipeline system and design method with Earthquake Resistant Ductile Iron Pipe (ERDIP) against fault displacement”. ERDIP pipeline can absorb the large ground displacement at the event of big earthquakes by the joint movement (expansion, contraction and deflection) and the joint locking system. Though the ERDIP pipeline has many experiences of big earthquakes such as the 1995 Kobe Earthquake, the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, no documented failure has been reported for 40 years. In case of fault crossing pipeline, there is a possibility for relative displacement of several meters between the pipeline and ground, locally, to occur. This study examined the ERDIP pipeline design to withstand strike-slip fault by FEM analysis with shell element of 1500 mm ERDIP and spring elements which are modeling soil and ERDIP joint. ERDIP pipeline can accommodate about 2m fault displacement by the joint expansion/contraction and deflection, and keep the stress in the pipeline within elastic limit. The additional countermeasure should be required when the fault displacement is over 2m because the pipeline could be stressed beyond the elastic limit. As a countermeasure of over 2m displacement, it is effective to use “Large displacement absorption unit”, which can expand/contract 10 times compare to ERDIP joint and absorb the locally-concentrated axial displacement of pipeline. We confirmed that ERDIP pipeline with “Large displacement absorption unit”, which is named “Large displacement absorption system”, can accommodate more than 3m fault displacement within elastic range stress of the pipeline. We established the optimized layout of “Large displacement absorption unit”. We also established the design method using several “Large displacement absorption unit” when we can’t identify exact fault location, but the fault lies within the range of pipeline location.

Pipeline Design Method Against Large Displacement of Strike-Slip Fault

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita Oda ◽  
Takahiro Ishihara ◽  
Masakatsu Miyajima
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Limit ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Strike Slip Fault ◽  
Large Displacement ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Tensile Direction ◽  
Fault Displacement

This study proposes a method for designing a water pipeline system against fault displacement by incorporating earthquake resistant ductile iron pipes (ERDIPs). An ERDIP pipeline is capable of absorb the large ground displacements that occur during severe earthquakes by movement of its joint (expansion, contraction and deflection) and the use of the joint locking system. Existing ERDIP pipelines have been exposed to several severe earthquakes such as the 1995 Kobe Earthquake and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, and there has been no documentation of their failure in the last 40 years. In the case of a pipeline that crosses a fault, there is the possibility of the occurrence of a local relative displacement between the pipeline and the ground. It is known that an ERDIP pipeline withstands a fault of axial compression direction by past our study. Hence, this present study was targeted at developing a method for designing an ERDIP pipeline that is capable of withstanding a strike-slip fault of axial tensile direction for a pipeline. This was done by FEM analysis wherein the ERDIPs and spring elements were used to model the soil and ERDIP joints. An ERDIP pipeline can accommodate a fault displacement of about 2 m by joint expansion/contraction and deflection, while maintaining the stress in the pipeline within the elastic limit. However, additional countermeasure is required when the fault displacement exceeds 2 m because such could stress the pipeline beyond the elastic limit. The use of large displacement absorption unit is an effective countermeasure for displacements exceeding 2 m. The expansion/contraction capacity of a unit is 10 times that of an ERDIP joint and it is able to absorb a locally-concentrated axial displacement of the pipeline. It was confirmed in the present study that an ERDIP pipeline with large displacement absorption unit, referred to as a large displacement absorption system, could accommodate fault displacement in excess of 2 m within the elastic stress range of the pipeline.

Contrastive Study on Finite Element Models of High-Strength Pipelines Crossing Active Faults

2016 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 957-964
Author(s):  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Xiao Ben Liu ◽  
Le Cai Liang ◽  
Yin Shan Han
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Shell Element ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Beam Element ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Fixed Boundary ◽  
Equivalent Boundary

There is a potential for major damage to the pipelines crossing faults, therefore the strain-based design method is essential for the design of buried pipelines. Finite element models based on soil springs which are able to accurately predict pipelines’ responses to such faulting are recommended by some international guidelines. In this paper, a comparative analysis was carried out among four widely used models (beam element model; shell element model with fixed boundary; shell element model with beam coupled; shell element model with equivalent boundary) in two aspects: differences of results and the efficiency of calculation. The results show that the maximum and minimum strains of models coincided with each other under allowable strain and the calculation efficiency of beam element model was the highest. Besides, the shell element model with beam coupled or equivalent boundary provided the reasonable results and the calculation efficiency of them were higher than the one with fixed boundary. In addition, shell element model with beam coupled had a broader applicability.

Case Studies Highlighting Rapid Repair Methods of Pressurised Pipelines Damaged by Anchors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Millward
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Subsea Pipeline ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Subsea Pipelines ◽  
Marine Vessels ◽  
Pipeline Design

Effective pipeline design and regular maintenance can assist in prolonging the lifespan of subsea pipelines, however the presence of marine vessels can significantly increase the risk of pipeline damage from anchor hazards. As noted in the Health and Safety Executive – Guideline for Pipeline Operators on Pipeline Anchor Hazards 2009. “Anchor hazards can pose a significant threat to pipeline integrity. The consequences of damage to a pipeline could include loss of life, injury, fire, explosion, loss of buoyancy around a vessel and major pollution”. This paper will describe state of the art pipeline isolation tooling that enables safe modification of pressurised subsea pipelines. Double Block and Bleed (DBB) isolation tools have been utilised to greatly reduce downtime, increase safety and maximise unplanned maintenance, providing cost-effective solutions to the end user. High integrity isolation methods, in compliance with international subsea system intervention and isolation guidelines (IMCA D 044 / IMCA D 006), that enable piggable and unpiggable pipeline systems to be isolated before any breaking of containment, will also be explained. This paper will discuss subsea pipeline damage scenarios and repair options available to ensure a safe isolation of the pipeline and contents in the event of an incident DNV GL type approved isolation technology enables the installation of a fail-safe, DBB isolation in the event of a midline defect. The paper will conclude with case studies highlighting challenging subsea pipeline repair scenarios successfully executed, without depressurising the entire pipeline system, and in some cases without shutting down or interrupting production.

scholarly journals Effect of Gain in Soil Friction on the Walking Rate of Subsea Pipelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohui Hong ◽  
Dengfeng Fu ◽  
Wenbin Liu ◽  
Zefeng Zhou ◽  
Yue Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Steel Catenary Riser ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Subsea Pipelines ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
Pipeline Design

Subsea pipelines are commonly employed in the offshore oil and gas industry to transport high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) hydrocarbons. The phenomenon of pipeline walking is a topic that has drawn a great deal of attention, and is related to the on-bottom stability of the pipeline, such as directional accumulation with respect to axial movement, which can threaten the security of the entire pipeline system. An accurate assessment of pipeline walking is therefore necessary for offshore pipeline design. This paper reports a comprehensive suite of numerical analyses investigating the performance of pipeline walking, with a focus on the effect of increasing axial soil resistance on walking rates. Three walking-driven modes (steel catenary riser (SCR) tension, downslope, and thermal transient) are considered, covering a wide range of influential parameters. The variation in walking rate with respect to the effect of increased soil friction is well reflected in the development of the effective axial force (EAF) profile. A method based on the previous analytical solution is proposed for predicting the accumulated walking rates throughout the entire service life, where the concept of equivalent soil friction is adopted.

Limit State Design Based on Experimental Methods for High Pressure Subsea Pipeline Design

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Alexander
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Limit State Design ◽  
Pipeline Design ◽  
Design Pressure

The design of offshore subsea pipelines is facing new challenges as the pipeline industry is moving into environments requiring high pressure design. Conventional pipeline design codes such as ASME B31.4 and B31.8 establish pressure limits based on percentage of the pipe material’s minimum specified yield strength. While this has traditionally worked for relatively thin-walled pipe at moderate pressures, there are concerns that full utilization of the material’s capacity is not being realized when designing for high pressure conditions. Additionally, there are concerns regarding the ability to achieve high quality manufacturing and consistently fabricate welds in thick-wall pipes. This paper presents details on a testing program that incorporated full-scale burst testing to qualify the design pressure for an 18-inch × 0.75-inch, Grade X65 subsea gas pipeline using the methodology of API RP 1111. A lower bound burst pressure was established based on the recorded burst pressures to which a design margin of 0.72 was applied to determine a design pressure. Had the pipeline been conventionally-designed using ASME B31.8, the design pressure would have been 3,900 psi. However, using the experimentally-based design option in API RP 1111 the resulting design pressure was 4,448 psi. This results in a net increase in the design pressure of 14 percent. When one considers either the potential cost savings in material requirements at construction or the additional throughput associated with higher design pressures for a given pipeline system, it is not difficult to demonstrate the economic benefits derived in performing a more rigorous material qualification and limit state design process based on experimental methods as presented in API RP 1111.

Overpressure Protections in Liquid Pipeline Hydraulic Design

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan X. L. Zhou ◽  
David Yu ◽  
Victor Cabrejo
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Pipeline Systems ◽  
Pipeline Design

Continuous economic development demands safe and efficient means of transporting large quantities of crude oil and other hydrocarbon products over vast extensions of land. Such transportation provides critical links between organizations and companies, permitting goods to flow between their facilities. Operation safety is paramount in transporting petroleum products in the pipeline industry. Safety can affect the performance and economics of pipeline system. Pipeline design codes also evolve as new technologies become available and management principles and practices improve. While effective operation safety requires well-trained operators, adequate operational procedures and compliance with regulatory requirements, the best way to ensure process safety is to implement safety systems during the design stage of pipeline system. Pressure controls and overpressure protection measures are important components of a modern pipeline system. This system is intended to provide reliable control and prevent catastrophic failure of the transport system due to overpressure conditions that can occur under abnormal operating conditions. This paper discusses common pressure surge events, options of overpressure protection strategies in pipeline design and ideas on transient hydraulic analyses for pipeline systems. Different overpressure protection techniques considered herein are based on pressure relief, pressure control systems, equipment operation characteristics, and integrated system wide approach outlining complete pressure control and overpressure protection architecture for pipeline systems. Although the analyses presented in this paper are applicable across a broad range of operating conditions and different pipeline system designs, it is not possible to cover all situations and different pipeline systems have their own unique solutions. As such, sound engineering judgment and engineering principles should always be applied in any engineering design.

scholarly journals A methodology for flexibility analysis of pipeline systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umer Zahid ◽  
Sohaib Z Khan ◽  
Muhammad A Khan ◽  
Hassan J Bukhari ◽  
Salman Nisar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
Flexibility Analysis ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Pipeline Systems ◽  
Pipeline Design ◽  
Selection Of

Pipeline systems serve a crucial role in an effective transport of fluids to the designated location for medium to long span of distances. Owing to its paramount economic significance, pipeline design field have undergone extensive development over the past few years for enhancing the optimization and transport efficiency. This research paper attempts to propose a methodology for flexibility analysis of pipeline systems through employing contemporary computational tools and practices. A methodical procedure is developed, which involves modeling of the selected pipeline system in CAESAR II followed by the insertion of pipe supports and restraints. The specific location and selection of the inserted supports is based on the results derived from the displacement, stress, reaction, and nozzle analysis of the concerned pipeline system. Emphasis is laid on the compliance of the design features to the leading code of pipeline transportation systems for liquid and slurries, ASME B31.4. The discussed procedure and approach can be successfully adjusted for the analysis of various other types of pipeline system configuration. In addition to the provision of systematic flow in analysis, the method also improves efficient time-saving practices in the pipeline stress analysis.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis and Comparison of Two Base Isolation Systems with Super-Large Displacement Friction Pendulum Bearings

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8235
Author(s):  
Peisong Wu ◽  
Jinping Ou
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Large Displacement ◽  
Large Radius ◽  
Isolation Layer ◽  
Deformation Ability ◽  
Isolation Systems ◽  
Friction Pendulum

Isolation technology has been successfully applied in seismic migration. With increasing of seismic demand, seismic performance of isolation structures subjected to very-rare earthquakes need further improvement. However, the isolation layer generally lacks sufficient deformation ability under very-rare earthquakes due to the deformation limit of classical isolation bearing. In order to circumvent the difficulty, this paper develops two new isolation bearings, namely super-large displacement rotation friction pendulum bearing (SLDRFPB) and super-large displacement translation friction pendulum bearing (SLDTFPB). By setting spherical shells with large span and large radius, large horizontal displacement and small horizontal stiffness can be achieved. Safety of the isolation layer and the isolation effect of the superstructure can be greatly improved. SLDTFPB differs from SLDRFPB in the motion state of the superstructure and space utilization of the isolation layer, thus SLDRFPB and SLDTFPB are suitable for structures with different requirements. Due to rotation of the superstructure with SLDRFPB or sliding frames in SLDTFPB, the traditional design method of friction pendulum bearing is no longer suitable. We present a new procedure to accurately and conveniently evaluate seismic performance of two developed bearings. Numerical simulation shows that the seismic response of both the superstructure and isolation layer is small. Developed SLDRFPB and SLDTFPB have sufficient emergency capacity and isolation resilience when subjected to very-rare earthquakes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document