Guidance on Conducting Tests of Inlet Chiller Systems Installed in GT Inlets

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry B. Sullivan ◽  
Michael Giampetro
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Project Team ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Plant Equipment ◽  
Conditioning Equipment

This paper provides comprehensive methodology on testing inlet chiller systems that are used for Gas Turbine Inlet Air Conditioning. It will serve as a guiding document for the Inlet Chiller Project Team formed by PTC 51, “Combustion Turbine Inlet Air Conditioning Equipment” for use in scripting that code’s section on Inlet Chiller Performance Testing. This paper shows the conceptual similarities that can be drawn between inlet chiller and overall plant performance testing, as well as detailing the pertinent test scopes and boundaries, identifying expected test objectives, and listing the applicable test boundary parameters to be used for correction. Addressing an industry need, this paper also offers guidance on testing these components / systems at conditions different than design. Current equipment code committees, such as ASME PTC 22 on Gas Turbines, and ASME PTC 46 on Overall Plant Performance Testing, have concluded that inlet air conditioning equipment must be out of service while testing the major plant equipment. This would require the inlet chilling system to be tested separately. This requirement dictates that a technically-sound method of inlet chiller testing be codified in a timely manner.

Short-Term Optimization of a Combined Cycle Power Plant Integrated With an Inlet Air Conditioning Unit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimar Mantilla ◽  
José García ◽  
Rafael Guédez ◽  
Alessandro Sorce
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Under new scenarios with high shares of variable renewable electricity, combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT) are required to improve their flexibility, in terms of ramping capabilities and part-load efficiency, to help balance the power system. Simultaneously, liberalization of electricity markets and the complexity of its hourly price dynamics are affecting the CCGT profitability, leading the need for optimizing its operation. Among the different possibilities to enhance the power plant performance, an inlet air conditioning unit (ICU) offers the benefit of power augmentation and “minimum environmental load” (MEL) reduction by controlling the gas turbine inlet temperature using cold thermal energy storage and a heat pump. Consequently, an evaluation of a CCGT integrated with this inlet conditioning unit including a day-ahead optimized operation strategy was developed in this study. To establish the hourly dispatch of the power plant and the operation mode of the inlet conditioning unit to either cool down or heat up the gas turbine inlet air, a mixed-integer linear optimization (MILP) was formulated using MATLAB, aiming to maximize the operational profit of the plant within a 24-hours horizon. To assess the impact of the proposed unit operating under this dispatch strategy, historical data of electricity and natural gas prices, as well as meteorological data and CO2 emission allowances price, have been used to perform annual simulations of a reference power plant located in Turin, Italy. Furthermore, different equipment capacities and parameters have been investigated to identify trends of the power plant performance. Lastly, a sensitivity analysis on market conditions to test the control strategy response was also considered. Results indicate that the inlet conditioning unit, together with the dispatch optimization, increases the power plant’s operational profit by achieving a wider operational range, particularly important during peak and off-peak periods. For the specific case study, it is estimated that the net present value of the CCGT integrated with the ICU is 0.5% higher than the power plant without the unit. In terms of technical performance, results show that the unit reduces the minimum environmental load by approximately 1.34% and can increase the net power output by 0.17% annually.

Good News About Gas Turbine Standards

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Putnam ◽  
George Osolsobe
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Good News ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Final Development ◽  
Conditioning Equipment

Performance Test Codes (PTC) for gas turbines are about to experience a happy convergence of revisions to three principal documents. Several aspects of gas turbines are under consideration in ASME PTC 22 Gas Turbines, ASME PTC 36 Gas Turbine Installations Sound Emissions and ASME PTC 51 Gas Turbine Inlet Air Conditioning Equipment, all of which are in various stages of final development. These PTCs can be used to specify equipment and to perform verification testing to ensure conformance to performance requirements. This overview of the three PTCs will address the key concerns driving the development of the standards, the general issues addressed and the application and significance of uncertainties relevant to each.

scholarly journals Exergy Efficiency Optimization for Gas Turbine Based Cogeneration Systems

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. Ferreira ◽  
Senhorinha F. Teixeira ◽  
José C. Teixeira ◽  
Manuel L. Nunes ◽  
Luís B. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
System Component ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet

Energy degradation can be calculated by the quantification of entropy and loss of work and is a common approach in power plant performance analysis. Information about the location, amount and sources of system deficiencies are determined by the exergy analysis, which quantifies the exergy destruction. Micro-gas turbines are prime movers that are ideally suited for cogeneration applications due to their flexibility in providing stable and reliable power. This paper presents an exergy analysis by means of a numerical simulation of a regenerative micro-gas turbine for cogeneration applications. The main objective is to study the best configuration of each system component, considering the minimization of the system irreversibilities. Each component of the system was evaluated considering the quantitative exergy balance. Subsequently the optimization procedure was applied to the mathematical model that describes the full system. The rate of irreversibility, efficiency and flaws are highlighted for each system component and for the whole system. The effect of turbine inlet temperature change on plant exergy destruction was also evaluated. The results disclose that considerable exergy destruction occurs in the combustion chamber. Also, it was revealed that the exergy efficiency is expressively dependent on the changes of the turbine inlet temperature and increases with the latter.

Applications of PTC-51 Gas Turbine Inlet Air Conditioning Equipment

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina L. Toburen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Summer Peak ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Conditioning Equipment

The ASME Performance Test Code PTC-51 “Gas Turbine Inlet Air Conditioning Equipment” (PTC-51) [1] is currently in its final editing phase prior to publication. This paper will give a brief introduction to the code and outline some examples of how to apply PTC-51 to actual testing scenarios. Many plants are designed for hot summer peak ambient temperatures, but need to be tested in early spring for substantial completion and commercial contractual requirements. PTC-51 puts limits on the ambient conditions in which you can test inlet air conditioning equipment. Understanding these limits during the contract and design phase is critical if code-level testing will be a requirement for final completion.

Rolls Royce/Allison 501-K Gas Turbine Anti-Fouling Compressor Coatings Evaluation

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Caguiat
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Compressor Efficiency

The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) Gas Turbine Emerging Technologies Code 9334 was tasked by NSWCCD Shipboard Energy Office Code 859 to research and evaluate fouling resistant compressor coatings for Rolls Royce Allison 501-K Series gas turbines. The objective of these tests was to investigate the feasibility of reducing the rate of compressor fouling degradation and associated rate of specific fuel consumption (SFC) increase through the application of anti-fouling coatings. Code 9334 conducted a market investigation and selected coatings that best fit the test objective. The coatings selected were Sermalon for compressor stages 1 and 2 and Sermaflow S4000 for the remaining 12 compressor stages. Both coatings are manufactured by Sermatech International, are intended to substantially decrease blade surface roughness, have inert top layers, and contain an anti-corrosive aluminum-ceramic base coat. Sermalon contains a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) topcoat, a substance similar to Teflon, for added fouling resistance. Tests were conducted at the Philadelphia Land Based Engineering Site (LBES). Testing was first performed on the existing LBES 501-K17 gas turbine, which had a non-coated compressor. The compressor was then replaced by a coated compressor and the test was repeated. The test plan consisted of injecting a known amount of salt solution into the gas turbine inlet while gathering compressor performance degradation and fuel economy data for 0, 500, 1000, and 1250 KW generator load levels. This method facilitated a direct comparison of compressor degradation trends for the coated and non-coated compressors operating with the same turbine section, thereby reducing the number of variables involved. The collected data for turbine inlet, temperature, compressor efficiency, and fuel consumption were plotted as a percentage of the baseline conditions for each compressor. The results of each plot show a decrease in the rates of compressor degradation and SFC increase for the coated compressor compared to the non-coated compressor. Overall test results show that it is feasible to utilize anti-fouling compressor coatings to reduce the rate of specific fuel consumption increase associated with compressor performance degradation.

scholarly journals Cooling and Sealing Air System in Industrial Gas Turbine Engines

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Reichert ◽  
M. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Air System ◽  
Calculation System ◽  
Cooling Air

Siemens heavy duty Gas Turbines have been well known for their high power output combined with high efficiency and reliability for more than 3 decades. Offering state of the art technology at all times, the requirements concerning the cooling and sealing air system have increased with technological development over the years. In particular the increase of the turbine inlet temperature and reduced NOx requirements demand a highly efficient cooling and sealing air system. The new Vx4.3A family of Siemens gas turbines with ISO turbine inlet temperatures of 1190°C in the power range of 70 to 240 MW uses an effective film cooling technique for the turbine stages 1 and 2 to ensure the minimum cooling air requirement possible. In addition, the application of film cooling enables the cooling system to be simplified. For example, in the new gas turbine family no intercooler and no cooling air booster for the first turbine vane are needed. This paper deals with the internal air system of Siemens gas turbines which supplies cooling and sealing air. A general overview is given and some problems and their technical solutions are discussed. Furthermore a state of the art calculation system for the prediction of the thermodynamic states of the cooling and sealing air is introduced. The calculation system is based on the flow calculation package Flowmaster (Flowmaster International Ltd.), which has been modified for the requirements of the internal air system. The comparison of computational results with measurements give a good impression of the high accuracy of the calculation method used.

Expanding Fuel Flexibility in MHPS’ Dry Low NOx Combustor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyoshi Tada ◽  
Kei Inoue ◽  
Tomo Kawakami ◽  
Keijiro Saitoh ◽  
Satoshi Tanimura
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Fuel Flexibility

Gas-turbine combined-cycle (GTCC) power generation is clean and efficient, and its demand will increase in the future from economic and social perspectives. Raising turbine inlet temperature is an effective way to increase combined cycle efficiency and contributes to global environmental conservation by reducing CO2 emissions and preventing global warming. However, increasing turbine inlet temperature can lead to the increase of NOx emissions, depletion of the ozone layer and generation of photochemical smog. To deal with this issue, MHPS (MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS) and MHI (MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES) have developed Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustion techniques for high temperature gas turbines. In addition, fuel flexibility is one of the most important features for DLN combustors to meet the requirement of the gas turbine market. MHPS and MHI have demonstrated DLN combustor fuel flexibility with natural gas (NG) fuels that have a large Wobbe Index variation, a Hydrogen-NG mixture, and crude oils.

Recognising the Viability of Cooling Gas Turbine Inlet Air in Colder Regions by Using Low Pressure Fogging Techniques

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Confurius
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
The World

The profits that can be gained by use of inlet air cooling on gas turbines has been recognised for quite some time now and the systems installed throughout the world have shown the users in the gas turbine field that cooling indeed can be used to boost power at times when the ambient temperature reaches or exceeds the ISO rating temperature of the gas turbine. Drawback however being that the initial investment asked of the gas turbine user is rather large thus only justifying a cooling system in regions where the outdoor temperatures exceed the ISO rating time and again due to the climate in that region. Lately gas turbine users in colder climates have become interested in power augmentation during their short summer, however there is no justification for an investment like necessary when installing one of the presently available systems on the market. As the question reached us from more and more of our clients it stimulated us to go out and search for a low-investment solution to this problem. This resulted in the world’s first low pressure gas turbine inlet cooling system.

Requirements for Gas Turbine Inlet Systems in Russia

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tagir R. Nigmatulin ◽  
Vladimir E. Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Inlet System ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

Russian power generation, oil and gas businesses are rapidly growing. Installation of new industrial gas turbines is booming to fulfill the demand from economic growth. Russia is a unique country from the annual temperature variation point of view. Some regions may reach up to 100C. One of the biggest challenges for world producers of gas turbines in Russia is the ability to operate products at power plants during cold winters, when ambient temperature might be −60C for a couple of weeks in a row. The reliability and availability of the equipment during the cold season is very critical. Design of inlet systems and filter houses for the Russian market, specifically for northern regions, has a lot of specifics and engineering challenges. Joint Stock Company CKTI is the biggest Russian supplier of air intake systems for industrial gas turbines and axial-flow compressors. In 1969 this enterprise designed and installed the first inlet for the power plant Dagskaya GRES (State Regional Electric Power Plant) with the first 100MW gas-turbine which was designed and manufactured by LMZ. Since the late 1960s CKTI has designed and manufactured inlet systems for the world market and been the main supplier for the Russian market. During the last two years CKTI has designed inlet systems for a broad variety of gas turbine engines ranging from 24MW up to 110MW turbines which are used for power generation and as a mechanical drive for the oil and gas industry. CKTI inlet systems with filtering devices or houses are successfully used in different climate zones including the world’s coldest city Yakutsk and hot Nigeria. CKTI has established CTQs (Critical to quality) and requirements for industrial gas turbine inlet systems which will be installed in Russia in different climate zones for all types of energy installations. The last NPI project of the inlet system, including a nonstandard layout, was done for a small gas-turbine engine which is installed on a railway cart. This arrangement is designed to clean railway lines with the exhaust jet in a quarry during the winter. The design of the inlet system with efficient multistage compressor extraction for deicing, dust and snow resistance has an interesting solution. The detailed description of challenges, weather requirements, calculations, losses, and design methodologies to qualify the system for tough requirements, are described in the paper.

Off-design performance improvement of twin-shaft gas turbine by variable geometry turbine and compressor besides fuel control

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (7) ◽  
pp. 957-980
Author(s):  
Sepehr Sanaye ◽  
Salahadin Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Inlet Guide Vane ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Exit Temperature

A novel procedure for finding the optimum values of design parameters of industrial twin-shaft gas turbines at various ambient temperatures is presented here. This paper focuses on being off design due to various ambient temperatures. The gas turbine modeling is performed by applying compressor and turbine characteristic maps and using thermodynamic matching method. The gas turbine power output is selected as an objective function in optimization procedure with genetic algorithm. Design parameters are compressor inlet guide vane angle, turbine exit temperature, and power turbine inlet nozzle guide vane angle. The novel constrains in optimization are compressor surge margin and turbine blade life cycle. A trained neural network is used for life cycle estimation of high pressure (gas generator) turbine blades. Results for optimum values for nozzle guide vane/inlet guide vane (23°/27°–27°/6°) in ambient temperature range of 25–45 ℃ provided higher net power output (3–4.3%) and more secured compressor surge margin in comparison with that for gas turbines control by turbine exit temperature. Gas turbines thermal efficiency also increased from 0.09 to 0.34% (while the gas generator turbine first rotor blade creep life cycle was kept almost constant about 40,000 h). Meanwhile, the averaged values for turbine exit temperature/turbine inlet temperature changed from 831.2/1475 to 823/1471°K, respectively, which shows about 1% decrease in turbine exit temperature and 0.3% decrease in turbine inlet temperature.

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