Proper hunger increased the lethal efficiency of the ectoparasitic mite Pyemotes zhonghuajia

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1661-1667
Author(s):  
Tai-An Tian ◽  
Li-Chen Yu ◽  
Xiao-Fei Yu ◽  
Li-Tao Li ◽  
Guang-Jun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Behavioral Consequences ◽  
Movement Rates

Starvation is defined as a failure to ingest and digest food under some extrinsic limitation. Starvation could induce the behavioral consequences, such as searching, movement, parasitism efficiency of arthropods. In this study, we try to evaluate the hunger tolerance and movement rates of P. zhonghuajia on corn and sorghum, and observed the time of P. zhonghuajia biting S. frugiperda and the lethal efficiency of P. zhonghuajia on S. frugiperda under different starvation periods (6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h). The results showed that without host the survival rates of P. zhonghuajia was significantly reduced over the 96 h. Starvation significantly increased the movement rates of P. zhonghuajia with increasing starvation from 6 to 24 h on the sorghum and corn leaves. When starved for 12 h, starvation significantly decreased the time P. zhonghuajia spent biting S. frugiperda. Proper hunger in P. zhonghuajia caused a 100% mortality rate in S. frugiperda within 2 hours, while a 96-h starved P. zhonghuajia parasited S. frugiperda for 16 hours to achieve a 100% mortality rate. In conclusion, a shorter period of starvation (24 h) could improve the movement rates and lethal efficiency of P. zhonghuajia against S. frugiperda, and ultimately enhance the biological control of P. zhonghuajia.

Dispersal and survival of Anopheles funestus and A. gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) during the rainy season in southeast Tanzania

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Takken ◽  
J.D. Charlwood ◽  
P.F. Billingsley ◽  
G. Gort
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Fluorescent Powder ◽  
Local Topography ◽  
Release Area ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractIn a rural area of southeastern Tanzania, studies were undertaken on the dispersal and survival of Anopheles funestus Giles and A. gambiae Giles s.l. during the rainy season. Blood fed, resting mosquitoes were collected indoors, marked with fluorescent powder and released on the same day from two different sites in the study area. For two weeks indoor resting mosquitoes were collected from 11 houses in the release area. Additional collections were made with a light trap from a sentinel house in the centre of the study area. Anopheles funestus was more abundant than A. gambiae s.l. Of 4262 A. funestus and 645 A. gambiae s.l. released, 4.3% and 7.4%, respectively, were recaptured. Dispersal of mosquitoes was not random: one of three areas was favoured significantly more than the other areas, as shown by the recapture and movement rates of marked mosquitoes. Based on the regression of the recapture rate, estimated daily survival rates of A. funestus and A. gambiae s.l. were 0.63 and 0.78, respectively. These were significantly different. The differences in dispersal and survival rates between the two species are discussed in view of local topography and species-specific characteristics.

Reply to the comment by Franklin et al. on “Are survival rates for northern spotted owls biased?”Appears in Can. J. Zool. 83: 1386–1390.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1380-1382
Author(s):  
Craig Loehle ◽  
Larry Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Body ◽  
Strix Occidentalis ◽  
True Value ◽  
Spotted Owls ◽  
Strix Occidentalis Caurina ◽  
Northern Spotted Owls

We reply to Franklin et al.’s critique of our recent work in which we computed survival for northern spotted owls ( Strix occidentalis caurina (Merriam, 1898)) from sites in western Oregon and northern California based on 197 radio-collared owls. Several methods gave similar results and we noted that our estimated survival rates might be closer to the true value than those derived from mark–recapture studies. We included an errant reference to Anthony et al. (Wildl. Monogr. No. 163, pp. 1–47 (2006)) in comments about bias in prior estimates of survival and hence of λ, a mistake for which we published an erratum. In spite of our erratum, Franklin et al. correct our presumed misunderstanding of the re-parameterized Jolly–Seber methods used in the article by Anthony et al. We never intended our comments to refer to the article by Anthony et al. The commentary also states that we overestimated survival because birds that left the study area might actually have died simultaneously with radio-collar destruction. However, in our earlier paper, we stated quite clearly that the fate of virtually every bird was accounted for by tracking them down if they left the study area or until the body was found if dead. They secondarily state that birds that emigrated might have a higher mortality rate and cited as evidence a study based on four owls. We do not consider that study sufficient to determine whether mortality rates for emigrating owls may be elevated. We also dispute several other criticisms but concur with them that several issues related to owl demography could benefit from further study.

scholarly journals Comparison of prognosis between emergency and scheduled hemodialysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1221-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixiang Bian ◽  
Huiyi Gu ◽  
Peihua Chen ◽  
Shijian Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Overall Survival Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapies

Background The survival rate of patients undergoing hemodialysis and other renal replacement therapies has been extensively studied, but comparative studies of emergency and scheduled hemodialysis are limited. Methods This study included 312 patients who underwent emergency hemodialysis and 274 who received scheduled hemodialysis. We investigated the prognostic differences between these two groups of patients, including the short-term and long-term survival rates. Results The overall survival rate was significantly better among the patients in the scheduled hemodialysis group than emergency hemodialysis group. The mortality rate within 3 months of emergency hemodialysis was 4.8%, while that within 3 months of scheduled hemodialysis was 1.1%. Conclusions Significant differences were present between emergency and scheduled hemodialysis, especially the levels of serum creatinine and hemoglobin.

Inbreeding depression in grazing Blackface sheep

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Doney
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Natal Mortality ◽  
Made In ◽  
Birth Type

Four Scottish Blackface rams were mated with a group of their own daughters and a similar number of non-related ewes. The matings were made in three successive years. All ewes were maintained under normal hill conditions. Female progeny from the matings entered the ewe flock unculled. Records of birth type, birth weight, fleece and live-weights throughout life were obtained.Inbred lambs had lower mean values for all measured characters than did their non-inbred half-sibs and there was a greater number of apparently barren ewes amongst the flock ewes which were expected to produce inbred lambs. The inbred progeny, also maintained in the normal hill flock, showed a higher incidence of barrenness and lower lamb survival rates at all ages than did their non-inbred contemporaries in the same environment. In the final year of the observations, when the standard of nutrition during late pregnancy was raised, the neo-natal mortality rate in both groups was reduced.

Clinical Experience with Drotrecogin Alfa in Treating Gram-Positive and -Negative Pathogens in Patients with Severe Sepsis

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Cone ◽  
Richard A. Stone ◽  
Kenneth Jesser ◽  
Richard Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Severe Sepsis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Local Disease

BackgroundNewer concepts in the management of severe sepsis and, in particular, in the understanding of the relationship between proinflammatory and procoagulant activities during severe infection have led to the introduction of activated protein C (drotrecogin) into the therapeutic program. The combination of effective antimicrobial therapy, aggressive supportive care, and efforts to antagonize procoagulants and inhibitors of fibrinolysis was used in this study.MethodsWe treated 12 patients with severe sepsis using this combination of antimicrobial agents and drotrecogin. All patients presented with hypotension and organ failure and some with multiple organ failure. Infected patients were separated into those with gram-positive and those with gram-negative infections.ResultsIn contrast to an expected mortality rate of nearly 40% in this group of patients, only 2 (9%) expired. Both deaths were due to infection by gram-negative organisms in patients with complicated abdominal infections and concurrent cancer. All patients with gram-positive organisms survived.ConclusionThose patients with infections caused by gram-positive organisms seemed to have a better prognosis than those with gram-negative infections, perhaps because their illnesses are less complicated by local disease. Although our study is small, it suggests that activated protein C will have a significant beneficial effect on the future treatment of severe sepsis and can reduce the mortality rate significantly. Further improvement in survival rates will require more effective treatment of local disease and associated noninfectious ailments.

scholarly journals Multiyear tagging studies incorporating fishing effort data

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1466-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Hoenig ◽  
Nicholas J Barrowman ◽  
William S Hearn ◽  
Kenneth H Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Reporting Rate ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Sampling Survey ◽  
Tag Shedding

The Brownie models for multiyear tagging studies can be used to estimate age- and year-specific annual survival rates and tag recovery rates. The latter are composites of the exploitation rates and rates of tag reporting, tag shedding, and tag-induced mortality. It is possible to estimate the exploitation rates if the other components of the tag recovery rates can be quantified. Instantaneous rates of fishing and natural mortality can be estimated if information is available on the seasonal distribution of fishing effort. The estimated rates are only moderately dependent on the timing of the fishing; consequently, the relative effort data can be crude. Information on the timing of the catch over the course of the year can be used as a substitute for the effort data. Fishing mortality can also be assumed to be proportional to fishing effort over years; consequently, if fishing effort is known then the tag reporting rate, natural mortality rate, and a single catchability coefficient can be estimated (instead of natural mortality and a series of fishing mortalities). Although it is possible in theory to estimate both the tag reporting rate and the natural mortality rate with all of these models, in practice it appears necessary to obtain some additional data relating to tag reporting rate to obtain acceptable results. The additional data can come from a variable reward tagging study, a creel or port sampling survey, or from tagged animals that are secretly added to the fishers' catches.

scholarly journals Evaluation of two native entomopathogenic nematodes against Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) (Isoptera: Termitidae) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sindhura Bhairavi ◽  
Badal Bhattacharyya ◽  
Gitanjali Devi ◽  
Sudhansu Bhagawati ◽  
Partha Pratim Gyanudoy Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Agrotis Ipsilon ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Odontotermes Obesus ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are one of the widely studied biological control agents. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two EPNs species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) and Steinernema aciari (Qui, Yan, Zhou, Nguyen and Pang) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), isolated locally from soils of Majuli river island, Assam, India against two important subterrenean pests; Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) (Isoptera: Termitidae) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions. Results In case of O. obesus, mortality percent was recorded by H. bacteriophora after 72 h. at 300 IJs/termite and by S. aciari at 250 and 300 IJs/termite after 96 h. The lowest LD50 and LT50 values obtained for H. bacteriophora were 13.054 IJs/termite and 26.639 h., respectively, while those of S. aciari were 42.040 IJs/termite and 31.761 h., respectively. With respect to A. ipsilon, H. bacteriophora registered a highest mortality rate at 300 IJs/larvae after 144 h. S. aciari showed 100 percent mortality at 300 IJs/larva after 168 h. The lowest values of LD50 and LT50 for H. bacteriophora were 35.711 IJs/larva and 83.050 h., respectively. The lowest values of LD50 and LT50 for S. aciari were 71.192 IJs/larvae and 97.921 h., respectively. Overall, H. bacteriophora displayed more virulence toward O. obesus and A. ipsilon than S. aciari. Conclusion Both native EPNs were found effective against O. obesus and A. ipsilon. However, H. bacteriophora was more virulent toward O. obesus and A. ipsilon than S. aciari under the laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Short Term Outcomes of Gastric Cancer at University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK), Rwanda.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irénée Niyongombwa ◽  
Irénée David Karenzi ◽  
Isaie Sibomana ◽  
Vital Muvunyi ◽  
Jean Marie Vianney Kagimbangabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Gastric cancer is the 4th most common cause of cancer death worldwide with an annual global incidence of 985,600; two thirds of them being in the developing countries. Gastric cancer is endemic in the so called stomach cancer region comprising Rwanda, Burundi, South Western Uganda and eastern Kivu province of Democratic Republic of Congo and its incidence in Rwanda is estimated around 13 to 15 per 100,000 population. To date, the outcomes of gastric cancer in the East African region are under investigated, and the survival rate in Rwanda is not known. The aim of this study was to describe the short term outcomes (in-hospital mortality rate, length of hospital stay, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months survival rates) in patients treated for gastric cancer at CHUK.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data collected from records of patients who consulted CHUK over a period of 10 years from September 2007 to August 2016. Patients were followed in hospital and after discharge for survival length. Descriptive statistics were used for baseline demographic data, Kaplan-Meier model and univariate cox regression were used for survival analysis.Results: Of the 199 patients enrolled in the study, 92 (46%) were males and 107 (54%) females. The mean age was 55.4 ranging between 24 and 93. The mean symptoms duration was 15 months. Most patients consulted with advanced disease, 62.3% with distant metastases. Treatment with curative intent was offered for only 19.9% of patients. The in-hospital mortality rate was 13.3%. The 3, 6, 12 and 24 months survival rate was 52%, 40.5%, 28% and 23.4% respectively. The Overall survival rate was 7 months.Conclusion: Patients with gastric cancer have delayed consultations and advanced disease at the time of presentation. This cancer is associated with poor outcomes in terms of hospital mortality and post discharge survival rates.

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after nonmyeloablative (NMA) or reduced-intensity (RIC) conditioning: Long-term outcome in 116 patients.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8561-8561
Author(s):  
L. M. Poon ◽  
Rima Saliba ◽  
Gabriela Rondon ◽  
Grace-Julia Okoroji ◽  
Yasuhiro Oki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Conditioning Intensity

8561 Background: The role of alloHCT and conditioning intensity in DLBCL remains unclear. In this retrospective study, we determined their effectiveness in 116 patients (pts) with DLBCL (de novo, n=59, transformed, n=57) receiving alloHCT at our institution, between 1998-2011. Methods: Median age was 51years (range, 19-70); median prior therapies was 4 (range 2-12). Disease status at alloHCT was complete response (CR) (n=22), partial response (PR) (n=58), stable (SD) (n=25) or progressive disease (PD) (n=11). 41 (35%) pts had previous autografts. 74 (64%) pts received RIC of melphalan/fludarabine (Flu) or BEAM, and 42 (36%) received a NMA conditioning of Flu/cyclophosphamide or cisplatin/cytarabine/ Flu. Donor source was HLA-identical sibling (MRD) (65%), HLA-matched unrelated (MUD) (31%) or a 1-Ag mismatched donor (4%). Results: With median follow-up among survivors of 63 months (range 5-157), estimated 5-yr OS and PFS for the whole cohort was 41% and 34% respectively. On multivariate (MV) analysis, disease status was most significant predictor for OS, with chemo refractory disease (SD/PD) being associated with higher mortality rate (HR 3.7, 95% CI 1.6-8.6, p=0.002). Combined use of NMA conditioning and MRD was associated with significantly lower mortality rate (HR 0.4, 95% CI 1.6-8.6, p=0.005). OS was highest [69% (95% CI 49-82)} for pts in CR/PR after NMA with a MRD (n=29), and lowest [(12% (95% CI 3-29)] for SD/PD pts after RIC with a non MRD (n=32). Disease status was strongest predictor of PFS on MV analysis, with CR pts having improved PFS compared to SD/PD (5-year estimates of 58% and 13%, respectively (P<0.001). Pts in PR with early disease stage (< Stage 4) and negative PET at alloHCT had PFS comparable to pts in CR (56% at 5 yr HR=1.3, p=0.6), while all other PR pts had PFS comparable to SD/PD pts (PFS=20%, p 0.1). Conclusions: Our study shows disease status, donor type and conditioning intensity are predictors of outcomes after alloHCT in DLBCL. Pts with chemosensitive disease and receiving NMA, MRD had improved survival rates compared to RIC alloHCT. PR pts with low volume PR had similar outcomes to CR pts.

Influence of Sociodemographic Factors, and the Coverage and Offer of Health Services on Mortality Due to Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer in Brazil: A 20-year Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Vinicius de Gouveia Affonso ◽  
Igor Gonçalves de Souza ◽  
Emerson Souza da Rocha ◽  
Eny Maria Goloni-Bertollo ◽  
Fabiana de Campos Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Oral And Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Oral Health Services

Abstract Background: To investigate the influence of sociodemographic factors and variables related to oral health services in oral and oropharyngeal cancer mortality in Brazil. Results: The mortality rate was higher in men than in women; the Southeast and South regions had the highest rates, which increased with age. Regarding APC analysis, men aged 57 years or more and those born from the 1920s to 1955, presented the highest mortality rate, while women born between the 1920s and the 1930s had a higher rate ratio. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression showed that black men living in the Midwest region had the lowest survival rate. Considering the correlations, the North and Northeast regions presented mortality rates inversely proportional to FPDC and NSTB, while the Southeast presented it only to FPDC. Conclusions: The sociodemographic variables analyzed exhibited an influence on mortality and survival rates in relation to oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Regarding the oral health services, it was observed that preventive and diagnostic procedures are not being performed, which may be exacerbating the increase in the mortality rates observed.

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