Estimated Patellofemoral Compressive Forces and Contact Pressures during Dance Landings

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy J. Simpson ◽  
Eugene G. Jameson ◽  
Susan Odum
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Force Loading ◽  
Contact Areas ◽  
Jump Length ◽  
Quadriceps Force ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Contact Pressures

Patellofemoral dysfunctions due to abnormal force loading are significant problems for dancers. Increased jump length was predicted to require increased quadriceps force during landing, which would increase patellofemoral forces and pressures. Six female dancers performed 10 traveling jumps each at 30, 60, and 90% maximum jump displacements (JDs). A sagittal view of the landing onto a force platform (500 Hz) was filmed (100 fps). Repeated-measures ANOVA (JD) and Scheffé post hoc analyses (p < .05) showed that greater peak patellofemoral pressures occurred at longer JDs and the corresponding times to these events decreased and knee flexion increased. Previous research and these findings indicate that different regions of the patella may endure higher loads at greater JDs even though the contact areas increase with greater patellofemoral forces. However, greater knee flexion and velocity could indicate more rapid distribution of load to various patellar regions, which would reduce the time any given patellofemoral region would be subjected to high loads.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DO TREINAMENTO CONCORRENTE DE CAPOEIRA E ATLETISMO NO DESEMPENHO MOTOR DE CRIANÇAS PRATICANTES DE FUTSAL

1970 ◽  
Vol 81 (155) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaldo Maciel Pinto ◽  
Diogo Guimarães ◽  
Athos Henrique Rocha Villaça ◽  
Sebastião Lobo Da Silva ◽  
Bibiano Madrid
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Motor Proficiency ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Post Hoc

This study aimed to determine the influence of concurrent training and athletic capoeira levels of motor performance in children aged 7 to 10 years indoor football. Study participants were children (n = 39) were male. The subjects were divided into two groups, submitted to concurrent training, the AF group (n = 20) underwent the training of soccer and athletics and FC group (n = 19) soccer and capoeira. To study and evaluate the level of motor  performance of the two sample groups, we applied a battery of tests for statistical analysis and checked the normality of the data (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and applied repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni. We used the statistical packages SPSS (12.0) and Instat (3.0). The results note that in terms of motor proficiency children who practiced FC compared to  children who practiced FA had equal values in the components of motor skills, however, both groups showed a trend in weight gain in their motor skills.

scholarly journals THE MISUSE OF SYNTAX ALTERATION FOR GEE AND ANOVA POST-HOC ANALYSES IN SPSS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
João Pedro Nunes ◽  
Giovanna F. Frigoli
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Online Support ◽  
Type I ◽  
K Value ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Statistical Results

The online support of IBM SPSS proposes that users alter the syntax when performing post-hoc analyses for interaction effects of ANOVA tests. Other authors also suggest altering the syntax when performing GEE analyses. This being done, the number of possible comparisons (k value) is also altered, therefore influencing the results from statistical tests that k is a component of the formula, such as repeated measures-ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc of ANOVA and GEE. This alteration also exacerbates type I error, producing erroneous results and conferring potential misinterpretations of data. Reasoning from this, the purpose of this paper is to report the misuse and improper handling of syntax for ANOVAs and GEE post-hoc analyses in SPSS and to illustrate its consequences on statistical results and data interpretation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Residual Monomers Eluted from Pediatric Dental Restorative Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tugba Bezgin ◽  
Ceren Cimen ◽  
Nurhan Ozalp
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Polishing Procedures ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Dental Restorative

Unreacted monomers eluted from resin-based restorative materials have been considered a reason of local and systemic adverse reactions. This study was designed to determine the effect of finishing and polishing procedures on the elution of Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, and HEMA monomers from compomer and bulk-fill composite resins. Bulk-fill composite (3M ESPE GmbH, Seefeld, Germany) and compomer (Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany) specimens with 3 × 4   mm diameters were prepared. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups, and finishing-polishing procedures were applied only to the experimental groups. Release of residual monomers was analyzed by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) after 24, 48, and 72 hours. Repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used for comparisons. Finishing and polishing procedures had a significant effect on reducing the quantity of UDMA release in the Filtek™ Bulk Fill composite and Bis-GMA, HEMA, and TEGDMA in the Dyract XP compomer ( p < 0.05 ). The restorative materials investigated here are not chemically stable after polymerization, and concentrations of eluted monomers may reach critical toxicity levels even after one restoration placement. Finishing and polishing procedures are mandatory to reduce residual monomers.

scholarly journals Ipsilateral and Contralateral Torque Responses to Bilateral and Unilateral Maximal, Fatiguing, Isokinetic Leg Extensions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Neltner ◽  
John Paul V. Anders ◽  
Joshua L. Keller ◽  
Robert W. Smith ◽  
Terry J. Housh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Isokinetic Peak Torque

Background: Few studies have compared performance fatigability (PF) for bilateral versus unilateral isokinetic tasks. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine: Mode-specific testing responses to isokinetic fatigue, differences in PF between bilateral and unilateral leg extensions, and the effects of fatiguing, unilateral, dynamic leg extensions on contralateral isokinetic peak torque (PT) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Methods: Eight men (mean ± SD: age= 22.5 ± 2.5 yr.) completed pre- and post-testing for PT and MVIC following 50 bilateral, unilateral right or left leg maximal, isokinetic leg extensions at 180°·s-1, on three separate days. Fatigue-induced decreases in PT and MVIC were used to quantify PF. The data were analyzed with a 4-way repeated measures ANOVA, follow up, and post-hoc analyses. Results: The results indicated that there were no differences (p > 0.05) in PF for the bilateral versus unilateral fatiguing tasks, decreases in PT (p < 0.001 - 0.016; d = 0.54 - 2.58) and MVIC (p < 0.001 - 0.006; η2p = 0.682 - 0.962) for the exercised legs during unilateral fatigue, and a contralateral increase (p = 0.007) in PT following the right leg fatiguing task. Conclusion: The results indicated that PT was more sensitive to fatiguing isokinetic tasks than was MVIC. In addition, there was a facilitation of PT in the contralateral leg following unilateral right leg fatigue. The differences in PT and MVIC testing may be attributable to the timing and/or relative contributions of peripheral and central fatigue.

Patellofemoral Joint Stress during Running with Added Load in Females

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (06) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
Molly Kujawa ◽  
Aleyna Goerlitz ◽  
Drew Rutherford ◽  
Thomas W. Kernozek
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Foot Strike ◽  
Quadriceps Force

AbstractPatellofemoral joint (PFJ) pain syndrome is a commonly reported form of pain in female runners and military personnel. Increased PFJ stress may be a contributing factor. Few studies have examined PFJ stress running with added load. Our purpose was to analyze PFJ stress, PFJ reaction force, quadriceps force, knee flexion angle, and other kinematic and temporospatial variables running with and without a 9 kg load. Nineteen females ran across a force platform with no added load and 9.0 kg weight vest. Kinematic data were collected using 3D motion capture and kinetic data with a force platform. Muscle forces were estimated using a musculoskeletal model, and peak PFJ loading variables were calculated during stance. Multivariate analyses were run on PFJ loading variables and on cadence, step length and foot strike index. Differences were shown in PFJ stress, PFJ reaction force, peak knee flexion angle and quadriceps force. Joint specific kinetic variables increased between 5–16% with added load. PFJ loading variables increased with 9 kg of added load without changes in cadence, step length, or foot strike index compared to no load. Added load appears to increase the PFJ loading variables associated with PFJ pain in running.

Mineralized Plasmatic Matrix for Horizontal Ridge Augmentation in Anterior Maxilla with and without a Covering Collagen Membrane

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 743-751
Author(s):  
Ehab Abdelfadil ◽  
Wael Aboelmaaty
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
T Test ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Ridge Augmentation ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background: Mineralized Plasmatic Matrix [MPM] is a unique form of platelet rich fibrin that contains mineralized bone graft particles within a fibrin network. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate horizontal ridge augmentation using MPM with and without a coverage membrane. Materials and Methods: Sixteen edentulous spaces were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. MPM was used for horizontal ridge augmentation with and without a covering collagen membrane (group 1 and 2, respectively). Cone Beam CT images were obtained preoperatively as well as 1 week and 4 months postoperatively to evaluate alveolar ridge and the resorption of the grafting material at 3 predetermined points along with the site where the future dental implant will be placed. Student’s t-test (Unpaired) was used for comparing two different groups with quantitative parametric data and student’s t-test (Paired) was used for comparing two related groups with quantitative parametric data while repeated measures ANOVA (Analysis of variance) followed by post-hoc Bonferroni was used for comparing more than two related groups with quantitative parametric data. Student’s t-test (Unpaired) was used for comparing two different groups with quantitative parametric data and student’s t-test (Paired) was used for comparing two related groups with quantitative parametric data while repeated measures ANOVA (Analysis of variance) followed by post-hoc Bonferroni was used for comparing more than two related groups with quantitative parametric data. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the gained bone width in both groups. More but not statistically significant resorption was recorded in group 2. Conclusion: MPM can be successfully used for horizontal ridge augmentation without a barrier membrane.

Initial Evaluation of the LifeForce Yoga Program as a Therapeutic Intervention for Depression

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Bennett ◽  
Amy Weintraub ◽  
Sat Bir Khalsa
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Home Practice ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Assessment Time ◽  
Post Hoc

There is a growing body of literature citing Yoga as an effective intervention for decreasing symptoms of depression. This naturalistic pilot study investigated the efficacy of the LifeForce Yoga Program in decreasing reported symptoms of depression and other mood symptoms. The sample consisted of 94 individuals who completed self-report questionnaire before participating in a five-day LifeForce Yoga training. 54 of these individuals completed the same questionnaire after two weeks of home practice following the training, and 33 participants completed these questionnaires two months after the initial training. Repeated measures ANOVA tests demonstrated a main effect for time, indicating that mean symptom scores decreased significantly across the assessment time points on nearly all of the outcome measures of interest. Post hoc t-tests showed that the statistically significant change occurred between Time 1 and Time 2, and was then largely maintained from Time 2 to Time 3. These results suggest that participation in a comprehensive Yoga program, designed specifically to address mood, can lead to decreased symptoms of depression and associated physical or mood states.

scholarly journals Polymerization Shrinkage Evaluation of Restorative Resin-Based Composites Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Lins ◽  
Alexandra Vinagre ◽  
Nélia Alberto ◽  
Maria F. Domingues ◽  
Ana Messias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Bragg Grating ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Bragg Grating ◽  
Polymerization Shrinkage ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
Fbg Sensors ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of this study was to compare the linear polymerization shrinkage of different restorative resin-based composites (RBCs) using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. Five RBCs were evaluated: Zirconfill® (ZFL); Aura Bulk-Fill (ABF); Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk-Fill (TBF); FiltekTM Bulk-Fill (FBF); and Admira Fusion-Ormocer® (ADF). Ten samples per resin were produced in standardized custom-made half-gutter silicone molds. Two optical FBG sensors were used to assess temperature and polymerization shrinkage. Light curing was performed for 40 s and polymerization shrinkage was evaluated at 5, 10, 40, 60, 150, and 300 s. Statistical analysis was accomplished for normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk, p > 0.05). Two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser correction followed by Bonferroni′s post-hoc test was used to analyze the linear shrinkage data (p < 0.05). ZFL showed the highest linear shrinkage and ADF the lowest. Shrinkage increased for all RBCs until 300 s, where significant differences were found between ADF and all other resins (p < 0.05). Among bulk-fill RBCs, TBF showed the lowest shrinkage value, but not statistically different from FBF. The ADF presented lower linear shrinkage than all other RBCs, and restorative bulk-fill composites exhibited an intermediate behavior.

scholarly journals Η διδασκαλία του θεατρικού παιχνιδιού στο μάθημα της προσαρμοσμένης φυσικής αγωγής ως μέσο ανάπτυξης κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων παιδιών με διαταραχή αυτιστικού φάσματος

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαρία Μπέλλα
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
T Test ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Multisource Assessment ◽  
Students With Autism ◽  
Post Hoc

Η απόκτηση και ικανότητα χρήσης κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων με βάση την ερμηνεία που αποδίδεται στη θεωρία του Κοινωνικού Κονστροκτουβισμού διαδραματίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στην κοινωνική ανάπτυξη των παιδιών να αλληλοεπιδρούν αποτελεσματικά με το περιβάλλον και να επιτυγχάνουν κοινωνικούς στόχους. Η απουσία ή η έλλειψη κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων όπως παρατηρείται στα παιδιά με Διαταραχή Αυτιστικού Φάσματος (ΔΑΦ), μπορεί να οδηγήσει στην απομόνωση. Η σχολική ζωή μέσω των διαφόρων δραστηριοτήτων προσφέρει καθημερινά κίνητρα για πολύπλευρες εμπειρίες που αυξάνουν τις κοινωνικές επαφές και την ομαλή προσαρμογή στην ομαδική ζωή της τάξης. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν ο σχεδιασμός, η εφαρμογή και αξιολόγηση επίδρασης ενός προγράμματος θεατρικού παιχνιδιού στην ανάπτυξη κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων παιδιών με ΔΑΦ, μέσα από το μάθημα της Φυσικής Αγωγής (ΦΑ). Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν έξι παιδιά, με Αυτισμό Υψηλής Λειτουργικότητας (ΥΛΑ), ηλικίας 9-11 ετών που φοιτούσαν σε τμήματα ένταξης δημοτικών σχολείων και παιδιά (N=132) της ίδιας ηλικίας που φοιτούσαν σε γενικές τάξεις των ίδιων σχολείων και παρακολουθούσαν από κοινού το μάθημα της ΦΑ. Η έρευνα περιλάμβανε, σχεδιασμό και εφαρμογή ενός προγράμματος θεατρικού παιχνιδιού, χρήση της λίστας «κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων/δεξιοτήτων παιχνιδιού» του εργαλείου παρατήρησης COMPASS (Collaborative Model for Promoting Competence and Success for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder) διενέργεια συνεντεύξεων με τους εκπαιδευτικούς, χρήση της κλίμακας «Πολλαπλής πηγής Αξιολόγησης της Κοινωνικής Ικανότητας των Παιδιών» (ΠΠΑΚΙ) (Multisource Assessment of Children’s Social Competence; MASCS) και της κλίμακας «Αισθημάτων για την Ομαδική Εργασία» (ΕΚΑΟΕ) (Feelings Towards Group Work; FTGW). Το πρόγραμμα είχε διάρκεια 8 εβδομάδων με συχνότητα δύο φορές εβδομαδιαίως για 45 λεπτά ανά εκπαιδευτική συνεδρία. Στις συνεντεύξεις με τις εκπαιδευτικούς, και την ανάλυση των ερωτήσεων ανοικτού τύπου, εφαρμόστηκε η μέθοδος της φαινομενολογικής προσέγγισης, ενώ για τις ερωτήσεις κλειστού τύπου έγινε έλεγχος ανεξαρτησίας χ2 στον παράγοντα ειδικότητα. Όσον αφορά την παρατήρηση των παιδιών με ΥΛΑ, στη συχνότητα εμφάνισης δέκα παρατηρούμενων μεταβλητών, έγινε καταγραφή μέσω τετράβαθμης κλίμακας, και ακολούθησε t-test για εξαρτημένα δείγματα. Για την αξιολόγηση των αντιλήψεων των παιδιών τυπικής τάξης, για τα παιδιά με ΥΛΑ, και την εύρεση πιθανών διαφορών στα σκορ, από την επίδραση του προγράμματος, στην κοινωνική ικανότητα και την προτίμηση στον ομαδικό τρόπο εργασίας, εφαρμόστηκε t-test για εξαρτημένα δείγματα. Ένα μήνα μετά τη λήξη της παρέμβασης (follow up) και για τον έλεγχο διαφοροποιήσεων από την εφαρμογή του προγράμματος τόσο στις συχνότητες εμφάνισης των παρατηρούμενων μεταβλητών, όσο και στα σκορ των κλιμάκων πραγματοποιήθηκε ανάλυση διακύμανσης επαναλαμβανόμενων μετρήσεων (repeated-measures-ANOVA) και εκτελέστηκαν δοκιμές πολλαπλών συγκρίσεων (post hoc). Τα έξι παιδιά με ΥΛΑ με βάση τα εμπειρικά δεδομένα της έρευνας, ενίσχυσαν και βελτίωσαν τις δεξιότητες συνεργασίας, μοιράστηκαν το ενδιαφέρον τους με τα παιδιά τάξης, και μείωσαν παράλληλα την οξυθυμία, την πρόκληση αναστάτωσης και τη δυσκολία προσαρμογής στην ομάδα, αναλαμβάνοντας παράλληλα πρωτοβουλίες και επιλύοντας προβλήματα εντός ομάδας. Το κύριο συμπέρασμα αυτής της έρευνας είναι ότι το πρόγραμμα θεατρικού παιχνιδιού ήταν επιτυχές, καθώς τα παιδιά με ΥΛΑ ενίσχυσαν την κοινωνική τους αλληλεπίδραση. Με τις κατάλληλες παρεμβάσεις στα προβλεπόμενα προγράμματα σπουδών, την κατάλληλη γνώση των στρατηγικών των δραστηριοτήτων του θεατρικού παιχνιδιού, αυτή η δραστηριότητα μπορεί να αποτελέσει ένα σημαντικό εργαλείο μάθησης κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων σε επίπεδο τάξης.

scholarly journals Discoloration of Roots Caused by Residual Endodontic Intracanal Medicaments

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Kuan-Jung Chen ◽  
Roy George ◽  
Laurence James Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intense Light ◽  
Post Hoc

Aims. This study examined the extent to which intervisit corticosteroid-based antibiotic pastes (CAP) medicaments contribute to staining of tooth structure after attempted removal by irrigation techniques.Methods. A total of 140 roots were prepared and the canals were filled with Ledermix paste (demeclocycline), Odontopaste (clindamycin), and Doxypaste (doxycycline). The pastes were removed after 2 or 4 weeks of storage in the dark using EDTA and NaOCl with either a 27-gauge-slotted needle or an EndoActivator (Dentsply). The roots were then exposed to an intense light source for 30 minutes each week and photographed after a further 1, 3, or 6 months. Digital images were standardized and data for changes in luminosity were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA and a post hoc test.Results. Removal of the medicament did not prevent later discolouration. There was no significant difference between the paste removal methods. Ledermix paste caused the greatest darkening compared to the untreated controls, for both application periods and both methods of removal. Doxypaste and Odontopaste caused less darkening than Ledermix.Conclusion. Medicaments that stain teeth may continue to discolour teeth despite best attempts to remove them. This study stresses the importance of material selection and minimising contact of Ledermix within the coronal aspects of teeth.

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