The Effects of Involuntary Athletic Career Termination on Psychological Distress

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia-Maria Wippert ◽  
Jens Wippert
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
National Team ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Social Evaluative Threat ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Baseline Test ◽  
Career Termination ◽  
Mediator Variable

As career termination is an incisive event in life, it is therefore important to understand the effects of different types of retirement on an athlete’s biography. Thus, the present longitudinal study is concerned with the effects of career termination of professional national team-athletes on the development of psychopathological symptoms, locus of control, self-concept, and mood, with special consideration of the mediator variable “subjective control of event-onset.” Data were collected from 42 professional athletes (17 of whom experienced an unexpected dismissal and 4 voluntarily retired) using standardized questionnaires (SCL-90-R, ASTS, FKK) 10 days before event entrance (baseline-test), 10 days after, 3 weeks after, and 5.5 months after onset of career termination. Although the baseline data did not reveal personality differences between the groups, dismissed athletes showed significantly stronger psychological distress after event onset. They displayed a stronger initial reaction, a more severe crisis, and longer transition periods than the control group. Results are discussed in connection with the combination of social evaluative threat and forced failure during event onset and their strong effects on distress after career termination.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Types of Internal Curing Liquid on the Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag (AAS) Mortar

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2407
Author(s):  
Guang-Zhu Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Yong Wang ◽  
Tae-Wan Kim ◽  
Jong-Yeon Lim ◽  
Yi Han
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Internal Curing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alkali Activated Slag ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Activated Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

This study shows the effect of different types of internal curing liquid on the properties of alkali-activated slag (AAS) mortar. NaOH solution and deionized water were used as the liquid internal curing agents and zeolite sand was the internal curing agent that replaced the standard sand at 15% and 30%, respectively. Experiments on the mechanical properties, hydration kinetics, autogenous shrinkage (AS), internal temperature, internal relative humidity, surface electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and setting time were performed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the setting times of AAS mortars with internal curing by water were longer than those of internal curing by NaOH solution. (2) NaOH solution more effectively reduces the AS of AAS mortars than water when used as an internal curing liquid. (3) The cumulative heat of the AAS mortar when using water for internal curing is substantially reduced compared to the control group. (4) For the AAS mortars with NaOH solution as an internal curing liquid, compared with the control specimen, the compressive strength results are increased. However, a decrease in compressive strength values occurs when water is used as an internal curing liquid in the AAS mortar. (5) The UPV decreases as the content of zeolite sand that replaces the standard sand increases. (6) When internal curing is carried out with water as the internal curing liquid, the surface resistivity values of the AAS mortar are higher than when the alkali solution is used as the internal curing liquid. To sum up, both NaOH and deionized water are effective as internal curing liquids, but the NaOH solution shows a better performance in terms of reducing shrinkage and improving mechanical properties than deionized water.

scholarly journals Alleviating psychological distress associated with a positive cervical cancer screening result: a randomized control trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Isaka ◽  
Ai Hori ◽  
Rie Tanaka ◽  
Masao Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Screening Result

Abstract Background The method of communicating a positive cancer screening result should seek to alleviate psychological distress associated with a positive result. We evaluated whether the provision of information through a leaflet would help reduce psychological distress in a randomized controlled trial. Methods The participants were women aged 20–69 years who were about to undergo cervical cancer screening at health centers. Before the screening, they received hypothetical screening results, with a leaflet (intervention group, n = 493) or without it (control group, n = 479), randomly. Their psychological distress and intention to undergo further examination were then compared between the intervention and control groups. Results After the intervention (providing a leaflet with hypothetical screening results), psychological distress appeared to be higher in the control group than in the intervention group among those who received a hypothetical positive screening result (odds ratio: 2.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.87–3.54), while 95% and 97% of those in the intervention and control groups, respectively, reported that they would undergo further examination. Conclusions Information provision might help reduce psychological distress but not hinder further examination among women who screen positive for cervical cancer. Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000029894. Date of Registration: November 2017.

CONCENTRATIONS DE LA PROGESTERONE, DES OESTROGENES ET DU CORTISOL DANS LE PLASMA DES VACHES AYANT DONNE NAISSANCE A DES JUMEAUX OU AYANT EU DES RETENTIONS PLACENTAIRES

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. MATTON ◽  
V. ADELAKOUN ◽  
J. J. DUFOUR
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Foetal Membranes ◽  
Plasma Steroids ◽  
Peripartum Period

Plasma steroids (cortisol, progesterone, estrone and estradiol) were studied during the peripartum period in cows with three different types of parturition: unifoetal normal (VUN), unifoetal with retained placenta (VRP), multifoetal with or without retained placenta (VG). In the control group, cortisol rose gradually from 8 ng/ml on day −7 to 11 ng/ml on the day of parturition and thereafter came back to the level of day −7. In the VRP group, cortisol was slightly lower than in the control on day −7 and it did not vary significantly before or after parturition. In the group of cows with multiple births, where retained placenta was encountered in 3/4 cases, cortisol was much higher than in control animals. Plasma progesterone decreased gradually from 5.5 ng/ml to less than 1 ng/ml on the day of parturition in the control group. In the group VRP and VG, it was significantly higher than in the control on the 2 days before and on the day of parturition. The patterns of estrone and estradiol were similar in the groups VUN and VRP until the first day following parturition, but much higher in the cows giving birth to twins. During the postpartum period, the drop in estrogens was much slower in the VRP and VG groups than in the VUN control group. These results suggest that retention of the placenta is not linked with the plasma concentration of cortisol but rather associated with an increased level of progesterone on the day of parturition and that the slower decrease in estrogen levels after parturition would be the result of the persisting attachment of the foetal membranes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mental health symptoms among male and female Australian professional footballers

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e001043
Author(s):  
Özgür Kilic ◽  
Sean Carmody ◽  
Judith Upmeijer ◽  
Gino M M J Kerkhoffs ◽  
Rosemary Purcell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Health Symptoms

ObjectiveDetermining the prevalence of mental health symptoms (MHS) among Australian professional footballers compared with former players. A secondary aim was to assess whether MHS were associated with recent injury and psychological resilience.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 149 male (mean age: 24 years) and 132 female (mean age: 23 years) Australian A-League and W-League professional footballers (study group) and 81 former male footballers (control group, mean age: 39 years) for analysis. MHS and psychological resilience were assessed through validated questionnaires. Severe injuries were assessed through a single question. The adjusted Wald method was used to assess the primary aim. Logistic regression analyses was used to assess the secondary aim.ResultsThe most prevalent MHS among active footballers and former footballers was sport-related psychological distress (63%) and alcohol misuse (69%), respectively. Global psychological distress, sleep disturbance, alcohol misuse and substance misuse were significantly lower among active male footballers than among former players. Increased psychological resilience among active male footballers was associated with a decrease in symptoms of sport-related and global psychological distress, anxiety and depression of 9%, 14%, 23% and 20%, respectively. Increased psychological resilience among female players was associated with 10% decrease in symptoms of depression. Problem gambling and sleep disturbance was associated with injury in the previous 6 months among active male and female footballers, respectively.ConclusionsMHS are prevalent among active and former professional footballers. Higher level of psychological resilience is associated with decreased reporting of MHS. Severe injury is associated with problem gambling and sleep disturbance.

scholarly journals Comorbidity and COVID-19: Investigating the Relationship between Medical and Psychological Well-being

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Owen Stafford ◽  
Anna Berry ◽  
Laura K. Taylor ◽  
Sinead Wearen ◽  
Cian Prendergast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective: The unprecedented occurrence of a global pandemic is accompanied by both physical and psychological burdens that may impair quality of life. Research relating to COVID-19 aims to determine the effects of the pandemic on vulnerable populations who are at high risk of developing negative health or psychosocial outcomes. Having an ongoing medical condition during a pandemic may lead to greater psychological distress. Increased psychological distress may be due to preventative public health measures (e.g. lockdown), having an ongoing medical condition, or a combination of these factors. Methods: This study analyses data from an online cross-sectional national survey of adults in Ireland and investigates the relationship between comorbidity and psychological distress. Those with a medical condition (n128) were compared to a control group without a medical condition (n128) and matched according to age, gender, annual income, education, and work status during COVID-19. Participants and data were obtained during the first public lockdown in Ireland (27.03.202008.06.2020). Results: Individuals with existing medical conditions reported significantly higher levels of anxiety (p<.01) and felt less gratitude (p.001). Exploratory analysis indicates that anxiety levels were significantly associated with illness perceptions specific to COVID-19. Post-hoc analysis reveal no significant difference between the number of comorbidities and condition type (e.g. respiratory disorders). Conclusion: This research supports individualised supports for people with ongoing medical conditions through the COVID-19 pandemic, and has implications for the consideration of follow-up care specifically for mental health. Findings may also inform future public health policies and post-vaccine support strategies for vulnerable populations.

Death Threat and Death Concerns in the College Student

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Tobacyk ◽  
Daniel Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
College Student ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Threat Index

A four part investigation of death orientation in college students using the provided-construct form of the Threat Index and the Death Concern Scale was conducted. Part I investigated the construct validity of the Threat Index, reporting significant predicted correlations of the Threat Index with the Death Concern Scale, Trait Anxiety Scale, and Repression-Sensitization Scale. Part II explored death orientation and personality differences between a Thanatology Group (death education students) and a Control Group. Thanatology students reported significantly lesser death threat and significantly greater death concerns than controls. Part III compared pre-test to post-test changes in death threat and death concerns for the Thanatology Group with pre-post changes for the Control Group. Using analysis of covariance procedures, a significantly greater decline in death threat was obtained in the Thanatology Group relative to the controls. Part IV explored two personality variables–trait anxiety and repression-sensitization–as moderators of change in death orientation in the Thantology Group. Trait anxiety was found to be a significant predictor of change in death threat in the Thanatology Group, with lesser anxiety associated with greater decline in death threat.

The Efficacy and Mechanism of Positive Psychological Intervention on Well-Being for Colostomy Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfei Jin ◽  
Yuqing Wang ◽  
Hongwen Ma ◽  
Xu Tian ◽  
Wang Honghong
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Positive Psychological Intervention

Abstract Aims To evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of positive psychological intervention (PPI) on the psychological capital, psychological distress, and life satisfaction among colostomy patients. Methods Patients (n=120) with permanent stomas were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups. Patients in the experimental group (n=60) received standard care and PPI, whereas patients in the control group (n=60) only received standard care. The psychological capital, psychological distress, and life satisfaction were measured and compared between two groups before the intervention, the immediate post-intervention, and follow-up. Results All 120 patients completed the study. The hope, optimism, resilience, psychological distress, and life satisfaction score of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group at T1 and T2 (P<0.05). Self-efficacy score of the experimental group had no significant difference at the two-time points after the intervention than the control group (P>0.05). Changes in hope and resilience which belong to psychological capital mediated the intervention’s efficacy on changes in PPI on life satisfaction (β = 0.265, P=0.005; β = 0.686, P=0.002). Conclusions PPI could effectively improve psychological capital, psychological distress, and life satisfaction among patients with stomas. Besides, our findings add novel support that increased hope and resilience are the active ingredients that promote intervention change.

Anxiety and depression in parents 4–9 years after the loss of a child owing to a malignancy: a population-based follow-up

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1431-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
ULRIKA KREICBERGS ◽  
UNNUR VALDIMARSDÓTTIR ◽  
ERIK ONELÖV ◽  
JAN-INGE HENTER ◽  
GUNNAR STEINECK
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bereaved Parents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Loss Of A Child

Background. Some consider the loss of a child as the most stressful life event. When the death is caused by a malignancy, the parents are commonly exposed not only to their own loss, but also to the protracted physical and emotional suffering of the child. We investigated parental risk of anxiety and depression 4–9 years after the loss of a child owing to a malignancy.Method. In 2001, we attempted to contact all parents in Sweden who had lost a child due to a malignancy during 1992–1997. We used an anonymous postal questionnaire and utilized a control group of non-bereaved parents with a living child.Results. Participation among bereaved parents was 449/561 (80%); among non-bereaved 457/659 (69%). We found an increased risk of anxiety (relative risk 1·5, 95% confidence interval 1·1–1·9) and depression (relative risk 1·4, 95% confidence interval 1·1–1·7) among bereaved parents compared with non-bereaved. The risk of anxiety and depression was higher in the period 4–6 years after bereavement than in the 7–9 years period, during which the average excess risks approached zero. Psychological distress was overall higher among bereaved mothers and loss of a child aged 9 years or older implied an increased risk, particularly for fathers.Conclusions. Psychological morbidity in bereaved parents decreases to levels similar to those among non-bereaved parents 7–9 years after the loss. Bereaved mothers and parents who lose a child 9 years or older have on average an excess risk for long-term psychological distress.

scholarly journals The treatment of chronic periodontitis by non-surgical periodontal therapy in association with diode laser compared to conventional non-surgical therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bellia Loredana ◽  
Ruggiero Roberta ◽  
Nicolò Michele
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Surgical Therapy ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Baseline Test ◽  
Mechanical Therapy ◽  
Non Surgical Treatment

Mechanical surface treatment and removal of the above and subgingival biofilm (Tartar ablation; SRP) are considered the most suitable tools for the treatment of periodontal inflammatory diseases, with the aim of destroying bacterial bioflim, reducing bacteria, and slowing down recolonization by pathogenic microorganisms. Often, however, the only S&RP are not enough, as there are patients who are experiencing relapses. Recently, laser therapy has been suggested as a potential tool to improve the outcome of periodontal non-surgical treatment. The objective of the following study was to evaluate the clinical healing of periodontal pockets treated with mechanical therapy, scaling and root planing, and diode laser application, compared to that obtained with non-surgical mechanical therapy alone. The study was designed as a randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients in the control group (13 patients) underwent conventional non-surgical therapy only, while patients in the test group (17 patients) were associated with conventional non-surgical treatment, a laser irradiation session. At baseline and after 6 months, the parameters of probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival recession (REC) were assessed The main variable of this study was the PD (probing depth) FMPS and FMBS at follow-up improved in both groups. The FMPS baseline test group 32.59 ± 6.74 - follow up 12.00 ± 3.16. The baseline of the control group showed 33.00 ± 9.55, the follow up 13.15 ± 4.85 The FMBS baseline test group found 24.29 ± 5.01 while at follow 9.65 ± 2.69. The baseline control group 30.31 ± 7.74, Follow up 11.08 ± 2.33. There is a statistical significance. (P.VALUE 0.0001) There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of PD, CAL and BOP at baseline and at follow-up. PD Test group 4,89±1,58 3,95±0,85 0,0001 Control group 5,02±1,57 4,01±0,86 CAL (mm)Test group 0,89±2,29 0,77±1,91 Control group 0,28±1,38 0,24±1,14 REC Test group 0,19±0,49 0,19±0,51 Control group 0,06±0,29 0,57±029 BOP Test group 51,2% 23,5% Control group 54,0% 20,9% The results showed differences in both baseline and follow-up for REC. Test group 0,19±0,49 0,19±0,51-Control group0,06±0,29 0,57±029 In intra-group analyzes, there are differences between baseline and follow-up for all values, except for REC in the control group. The diode laser can be used as an appropriate device for periodontal treatments, but it can offer additional and significant benefits if used according to appropriate protocols and parameters, and especially if associated with non-surgical, manual and ultrasound periodontal instrumentation, always site-specific , as it is a tool that does not replace traditional methods.

Music-Assisted Training for Dart Throwing Novices: Post-Training Effects on Heart Rate and Performance Accuracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110506
Author(s):  
Ivor T. H. Tso ◽  
James C. L. Law ◽  
Thomson W. L. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Performance Accuracy ◽  
Throwing Accuracy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dart Throwing ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Athletes Heart

While previous research has suggested that lowering athletes’ heart rates can enhance sports performance, it is unknown whether slow-paced music might induce a lower heart rate and thereby improve some types of motor performance. In this study, we investigated the effects of different types of music during dart-throw training on both heart rate and dart-throwing performance in 45 ( M age = 19.7, SD = 0.31 years) novice dart throwers who were randomly assigned to either a Slow Music Group (SMG), a Fast Music Group (FMG), or a Control Group (CG). All participants completed three dart-throwing blocks - Pre-Test, Practice, and Post-Test. During the Practice block, participants practiced dart-throwing with either slow-paced, fast-paced or no music according to their assigned group. We recorded the participants’ heart rates and total dart-throwing accuracy scores during Pre-Test and Post-Test. Music-assisted dart-throw training with slow-paced music was effective in significantly inhibiting a performance-related increase in heart rate and was associated with the greatest dart throwing improvement after training.

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