Systematic Review of Recess Interventions to Increase Physical Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 910-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda J. Ickes ◽  
Heather Erwin ◽  
Aaron Beighle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Teacher Involvement ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Academic Benefits ◽  
Active Video ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Priority School

Background:With the rapid increase in obesity rates among youth, efforts to increase physical activity (PA) have become a priority. School-based strategies for PA promotion must be cost-effective, unobtrusive, and linked to improved academic performance. Efforts to maximize recess PA are advocated because of both health and academic benefits. The purpose of this manuscript was to review recess interventions aimed to improve PA among youth, and make recommendations to develop related best practices.Methods:An extensive literature search was conducted to include all primary research articles evaluating any recess intervention with PA as an outcome.Results:The included 13 interventions represented both settings within the U.S and internationally, among preschools and elementary/primary schools. A variety of strategies were used within the design and implementation of each of the interventions including: added equipment/materials, markings, zones, teacher involvement, active video games, activity of the week, and activity cards. Of the included studies, 95% demonstrated positive outcomes as a result of the recess intervention.Conclusions:A number of simple, low-cost strategies can be implemented to maximize the amount of recess time students are allotted. Long-term follow-up studies are warranted for each of the recess strategies identified to be effective.

scholarly journals The Right to Move: A Multidisciplinary Lifespan Conceptual Framework

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni C. Antonucci ◽  
James A. Ashton-Miller ◽  
Jennifer Brant ◽  
Emily B. Falk ◽  
Jeffrey B. Halter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Effective Program ◽  
Level Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
Health And Well Being

This paper addresses the health problems and opportunities that society will face in 2030. We propose a proactive model to combat the trend towards declining levels of physical activity and increasing obesity. The model emphasizes the need to increase physical activity among individuals of all ages. We focus on the right to move and the benefits of physical activity. The paper introduces a seven-level model that includes cells, creature (individual), clan (family), community, corporation, country, and culture. At each level the model delineates how increased or decreased physical activity influences health and well-being across the life span. It emphasizes the importance of combining multiple disciplines and corporate partners to produce a multifaceted cost-effective program that increases physical activity at all levels. The goal of this paper is to recognize exercise as a powerful, low-cost solution with positive benefits to cognitive, emotional, and physical health. Further, the model proposes that people of all ages should incorporate the “right to move” into their life style, thereby maximizing the potential to maintain health and well-being in a cost-effective, optimally influential manner.

scholarly journals PP022 New Models Are Needed To Optimize The Management Of New Medicines

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 79-80
Author(s):  
Brian Godman ◽  
Eduardo Diogene ◽  
Jurij Fürst ◽  
Kristina Garuoliene ◽  
Augusto Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Horizon Scanning ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Pricing And Reimbursement

INTRODUCTION:Countries are struggling to fund new premium priced medicines with ever increasing prices. In addition, there are substantial savings as medicines lose their patents. This requires coordinated approaches. Models are being developed centering on three pillars: pre-launch including horizon scanning; peri-launch including pricing and reimbursement (P & R)/ risk sharing; and post-launch including assessing effectiveness (1,2). This will continue to enable access to safe, effective and affordable medicines.METHODS:Desk research of regulatory and other relevant policy documents as well as a thorough and extensive literature search in peer-reviewed databases were conducted.RESULTS:Models to optimize the use of new medicines are being developed. These center on three pillars: pre-launch activities including horizon scanning with a specific focus on unmet needs, drugs expected place in therapy, drugs preliminary budget impact and forecasting (including medicines likely to lose their patents); peri-launch activities including P & R assessment and assessments of risk sharing arrangements; and post-launch activities include assessing the effectiveness and safety of new medicines in routine clinical care (1,2). Pre-launch activities to agree the number of potential patients for new cancer medicines resulted in hospitals staying within budget (3); and health authorities that had instigated activities pre-launch saw limited excess bleeding with dabigatran (3). Risk-sharing arrangements have increased access to new medicines; however, concerns with their confidential nature and administrative burden (2,3). Qualitative and/or quantitative approaches are also being developed to better value (new) medicines. There is also growing use of patient level data post launch, for example, studies highlighted concerns with dabigatran prescribing in Spain and anti-obesity medicines in Sweden. Long-term follow-up studies have shown greater effectiveness of ciclosporin versus tacrolimus for transplants despite the rhetoric.CONCLUSIONS:Stakeholders in the healthcare field are working together and developing methods to increase funding for new valued medicines whilst restricting their use where there are concerns to optimize resource use. This will (need to) continue to enable access to safe, (cost-) effective and affordable medicines.

Long-term follow-up of a multicenter phase II study of chemo-immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC).

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 536-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Recchia ◽  
G. Candeloro ◽  
S. Necozione ◽  
P. Lippe ◽  
G. Desideri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
The Cost

536 Background: The combination of low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) and 13-cis retinoic acid (RA) has been shown to decrease vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of patients with MCC (Anticancer Res, 2005). Moreover, results of various studies have shown that the addition of IL-2 and RA to chemotherapy (CT) increased treatment efficacy, inducing a statistically significant decrease of VEGF, with a low cost. Methods: Patients with MCC, deemed unresectable, were given the following treatment for two consecutive days (D1-D2): Oxaliplatin 50 mg/m2, Leucovorin (LV), 200 mg/m2, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 400 mg/m2, Capecitabine (C) 2,000 mg/m2 (FOCFOX). After 2 weeks Camptothecin, 90 mg/m2 (D1-D2), was administered with the same doses of LV, 5-FU and C (FOCFIRI) as first-line treatment of MCC. Subcutaneous IL-2 1.8 x 106 I.U. and oral RA, 0.5 mg/kg were given 5 days/week. Induction CT was administered for 12 courses, alternating FOCFOX and FOCFIRI, followed by maintenance treatment with the same schedule of IL-2 + RA, for 3 weeks/month. The primary endpoint was the decrease ≥ 30% of VEGF of patients with MCC. Secondary endpoints were the cost of IL-2 and RA with respect to bevacizumab, toxicity, progression- free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: From 08/2000 to 08/2006, fifty-four patients with MCC were entered into the trial. After a median follow up of 64 months (95% CI 62-85%), a statistically significant > 30% (p<0.001) decrease of VEGF was observed. Costs of therapy were $ 304.00/month for IL-2/RA and $ 1,700.00/month for bevacizumab (82% cost reduction). The most common adverse events of CT were grade 3/4 neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocythopenia, and anemia in 33%, 9%, 2%, and 2% of patients, respectively, peripheral neuropathy in 10% of patients. Mild cutaneous skin rash, fever and autoimmune reactions were observed in the patients who received the maintenance immunotherapy. PFS at 10 months was 76% (95% CI 62-86). Median PFS was 27.8 months, while median OS was 48.8 months. Conclusions: These data show that maintenance immunotherapy with low-dose IL-2 and oral RA in patients with MCC has a low toxicity profile, is cost effective, decrease VEGF and seems to improve expected PFS and OS. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Private Primary Schools

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-102
Author(s):  
Sarah Kabay
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
International Education ◽  
Private School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
The Government ◽  
Access And Quality

Over the past two decades, private primary schools have become one of the most contentious topics of research in the field of international education. In particular, “low-cost” or “low-fee” private primary schools has received a lot of attention. The crux of the issue can be described in terms of access and quality. The promise of the private sector is that it could provide a higher-quality alternative to public education, and one that might be more cost-effective. The threat of the private sector is that it might deepen educational inequality, providing access to quality education for only some children and potentially making education worse for others. This chapter reviews some of the research on the subject and then analyzes transfer to private primary schools, comparing the educational experience of children in these schools with that of children in the government schools from which they transferred. Analysis accordingly aligns with questions of access (what predicts transfer to private school) and quality (what differences (or similarities) exist between government and private primary schools).

scholarly journals Correlation and Wear-Time Compliance of the Wrist-Worn SQORD Activity Monitor Compared to the Actigraph 3TGX in Measuring Free-Living Physical Activity in Low SES Elementary Youth

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Kelsey McAlister ◽  
Koren Fisher ◽  
Kathleen Wilson ◽  
Risto Marttinen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
After School ◽  
Wear Time ◽  
Actigraph Accelerometer ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
After School Program ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

Background and Purpose: Activity trackers have grown increasingly popular, yet research grade accelerometers, like Actigraph, are still very expensive and must be worn on the waist. This study correlated the low-cost wrist-worn SQORD band to the Actigraph accelerometer to assess physical activity (PA) in youth from a low-income area. Methods: Forty-one participants (22:19 male:female; mean age= 10.7 years) in an after-school program participated. Participants wore a waist-worn Actigraph accelerometer and a wrist-worn SQORD for seven days. Abdominal, upper and lower body strength and endurance, and aerobic capacity were assessed through FITNESSGRAM tests. Bivariate correlations were used to analyze the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) via the Actigraph and SQORD and to examine relationships between physical fitness and MVPA. Results: At 8- and 10-hour wear-time, compliance with wearing the devices was higher with the SQORD than the Actigraph. A correlation was found between MVPA via SQORD and Actigraph (r=0.651). Neither the SQORD or Actigraph was associated with any fitness measures (r = -0.061; – 0.817). Conclusion: The SQORD appears to be successful in tracking MVPA in youth and was worn more than the Actigraph. Wrist-worn, consumer-grade devices may be a cost-effective alternative to traditional accelerometers for physical education programs and research in low-income populations.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PLATELET COUNT IN THE PREGNANT WOMEN IN IGIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwi Singh ◽  
Anshuman Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The major risk associated with low platelet count in pregnancy is the increased risk of bleeding during the childbirth or post that. There is an increased blood supply to the uterus during pregnancy and the surgical procedure requires cutting of major blood vessels. Women with thrombocytopenia are at increased risk of losing excessive blood. The risk is more in case of caesarean delivery as compared to vaginal delivery. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of the Platelet Count in the Pregnant Women in IGIMS, Patna, Bihar. The present study was planned in Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India. The present study was planned from duration of January 2019 to June 2019. In the present study 200 pregnant females samples received for the platelet estimation were enrolled in the present study. Clinically platelet indices can be a useful screening test for early identification of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Also platelet indices can assess the prognosis of this disease in pregnant women and can be used as an effective prognostic marker because it correlates with severity of the disease. Platelet count is a simple, low cost, and rapid routine screening test. Hence the data generated from the present study concludes that platelet count can be used as a simple and cost effective tool to monitor the progression of preeclampsia, thereby preventing complications to develop during the gestational period. Keywords: Platelet Count, Pregnant Women, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, etc.

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

Yoga in the management of Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreeharsha N. ◽  
Bargale Sushant Sukumar ◽  
Divyasree C. H.
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Thinking ◽  
The World ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Excess Glucose

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder in which the body is unable to make proper utilisation of glucose, resulting in the condition of hyperglycaemia. Excess glucose in the blood ultimately results in high levels of glucose being present in the urine (glycosuria). This increase the urine output, which leads to dehydration and increase thirst. India has the largest diabetic population in the world. Changes in eating habits, increasing weight and decreased physical activity are major factors leading to increased incidence of Diabetes. Lifestyle plays an important role in the development of Diabetes. Yoga offers natural and effective remedies without toxic side-effects, and with benefits that extend far beyond the physical. This system of Yoga is a simple, natural programme involving five main principles: proper exercise, proper breathing, proper relaxation, proper diet and positive thinking and meditation. It is a cost effective lifestyle intervention technique.

Motivating Compliance: Firm Response to Mandatory Disclosure Policies

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Boland ◽  
Chris E. Hogan ◽  
Marilyn F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Policy Adoption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulated Firms ◽  
Firm Response ◽  
Disclosure Rules ◽  
The Impact

SYNOPSIS Mandatory existence disclosure rules require an organization to disclose a policy's existence, but not its content. We examine policy adoption frequencies in the year immediately after the IRS required mandatory existence disclosure by nonprofits of various governance policies. We also examine adoption frequencies in the year of the subsequent change from mandatory existence disclosure to a disclose-and-explain regime that required supplemental disclosures about the content and implementation of conflict of interest policies. Our results suggest that in areas where there is unclear regulatory authority, mandatory existence disclosure is an effective and low cost regulatory device for encouraging the adoption of policies desired by regulators, provided those policies are cost-effective for regulated firms to implement. In addition, we find that disclose-and-explain regulatory regimes provide stronger incentives for policy adoption than do mandatory existence disclosure regimes and also discourage “check the box” behavior. Future research should examine the impact of mandatory existence disclosure rules in the year that the regulation is implemented. Data Availability: Data are available from sources cited in the text.

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