scholarly journals Self-Control Self-Regulation, and Doping in Sport: A Test of the Strength-Energy Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derwin K. C. Chan ◽  
Vanessa Lentillon-Kaestner ◽  
James A. Dimmock ◽  
Robert J. Donovan ◽  
David A. Keatley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Energy Model ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
The Relationship

We applied the strength-energy model of self-control to understand the relationship between self-control and young athletes’ behavioral responses to taking illegal performance-enhancing substances, or “doping.” Measures of trait self-control, attitude and intention toward doping, intention toward, and adherence to, doping-avoidant behaviors, and the prevention of unintended doping behaviors were administered to 410 young Australian athletes. Participants also completed a “lollipop” decision-making protocol that simulated avoidance of unintended doping. Hierarchical linear multiple regression analyses revealed that self-control was negatively associated with doping attitude and intention, and positively associated with the intention and adherence to doping-avoidant behaviors, and refusal to take or eat the unfamiliar candy offered in the “lollipop” protocol. Consistent with the strength-energy model, athletes with low self-control were more likely to have heightened attitude and intention toward doping, and reduced intention, behavioral adherence, and awareness of doping avoidance.

Low Self-Control, Substance-Using Peers and Intimate Partners, Pro-Drug Use Definitions, and Inhalant Use Among Convicted Offenders in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeyong Choi ◽  
Nathan E. Kruis
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Mediation Hypothesis ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
The Relationship

Hirschi has repeatedly argued that the relationship between social learning variables and crime is a product of “self-selection” driven by low self-control (LSC). Akers’ has suggested that social learning mechanisms, such as affiliations with deviant individuals and acceptance of criminal definitions, can mediate the effects of LSC on crime. Interestingly, there has been little comparative work done to explore this mediation hypothesis in the realm of substance use for offender populations outside of the United States. This study helps fill these gaps in the literature by exploring the potential mediation effects of social learning variables on the relationship between LSC and inhalant use among a sample of 739 male offenders in South Korea. Our results provide strong support for the mediation hypothesis that LSC indirectly influences self-reported inhalant use through social learning mechanisms.

Exploring Potential Protective Factors for the Relationship between Low Self-Control in Adolescence and Negative Health Outcomes in Adulthood

2020 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2093144
Author(s):  
Cashen M. Boccio
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Criminal Involvement ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research links low levels of self-control with criminal involvement and negative life outcomes. A similar line of inquiry has begun to explore whether low levels of self-control are also associated with developing health problems in adulthood. This paper extends this research by examining associations between adolescent levels of self-control and four different categories of health outcomes in adulthood. In addition, this study examines whether associations between adolescent levels of low self-control and health outcomes in adulthood are moderated by environmental protective factors. The results reveal that low levels of self-control in adolescence are consistently associated with reporting more health problems. In addition, some evidence emerged in support of the role of environmental protective factors in buffering the risk of developing health problems conferred by low levels of self-control in adolescence.

scholarly journals Volitional regulation and performance of sports gifted young athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 08042
Author(s):  
Natalya Ulyanova ◽  
Oksana Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Joint Effect ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Athletic Success ◽  
Significant Regression ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The empirical study of the involvement of personal volition in the athletic success of young athletes aged 9 to 18 yearsis presented. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between individual characteristics of volitional processes and the grade of sport performance, determined by the sports qualifications of the respondents.The specifics and requirements ofdifferent kinds of sport have been considered. At the sample of young athletes from 9 to 18 years old (N = 145, M = 13,2 years) for some sports (athletics, rock climbing, football)significant regression models were built. Particular characteristics of volitional processes or their combination were discovered as predictors, and the athlete’s performance was a dependent variable. For other sports disciplines (boxing, rowing, swimming, rhythmic gymnastics), such models could not be identified. Moreover, we established that emotional self-control and determination have a joint effect on the grade of sport performance of athletes who was younger than 13, while for athletesfrom 14 to 18 years oldcommon predictors of performance from among volitional qualities was not found.

scholarly journals The Locus of Control and the Sense of Personal Competence in Young Athletes Practicing Martial Arts

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-275
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Rutkowska ◽  
Jarosław Klimczak
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Personal Competence ◽  
Sense Of Competence ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction. The locus of control and the sense of competence are the psychological resources relevant to the taking-up and continuation of actions in certain situations. They are important regulating factors of the relationships between the man and the environment. It seems that, in such a specific field as martial arts are, these characteristics are useful and their identification and targeted strengthening desirable. The aim of the research presented in this paper was to gather knowledge about the sense of competence and self-control of young people practicing martial arts, as well as the relationship between these variables. Materials and methods. A total of 39 people aged 14-19 years participated in this research. All of them practiced martial arts. They had an average of more than two years training. Data were collected through the (KBPK) Locus of control Questionnaire (by G. and A. Krasowicz Kurzyp-Wojnarski) and the Personal Competence Scale KompOs (by Z. Juczyñski), and a questionnaire designed specifically for this research. Results. Statistical analyses conducted for the study have showed that the respondents represent a transient sense of locus of control, and average levels of personal competence in the field of strength and perseverance. Out of the measured variables, the locus of control in the event of success and a sense of strength were relatively highest. These variables also proved to be interdependent. Analysis also allowed for identification of many other relationships between the variables. Conclusions. Our findings may provide a clue for a possible modification of programs mentally preparing young athletes for martial arts sports. They may also act as suggestions sensitise trainers to specific psychosocial needs of young athletes.

Stressed Out and Strapped: Examining the Link Between Psychological Difficulties and Student Weapon Carrying and Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 980-998
Author(s):  
Cheryl L. Johnson ◽  
Pamela Wilcox ◽  
Samuel Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Self Control ◽  
School Security ◽  
Weapon Carrying ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Psychological Difficulties ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
The Relationship

Using data on middle-school adolescents from the Rural Substance Abuse and Violence Project (RSVP), the authors examined the extent to which psychological difficulties are related to student weapon carrying and use, net of other criminological variables. Furthermore, the authors examined whether psychological difficulties had variable effects across school contexts. Initial logistic regression models showed that variables tapping psychological difficulties (fear of crime, family history of mental illness, and low self-control) were significantly related to student weapon carrying and use. Once other criminological and demographic controls were added, only low self-control remained significant. Multilevel models incorporating random slope coefficients and cross-level interactions showed that the relationship between low self-control and student weapon carrying/use was attenuated in schools with higher levels of school efficacy and school security. Similarly, the relationship between fear of crime and weapon carrying depended on the level of school security, with the effect weakened as school security increased.

Mind Control

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-186
Author(s):  
Marcela Herdova ◽  
Stephen Kearns
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Mind Control ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Common Understanding

This chapter explores the relationship between self-control and decision-making. In particular, it examines various problems with the idea that agents can (and do) exercise self-control over their decisions. Two facts about decisions give rise to these problems. First, decisions do not result from intentions to make those very decisions. Second, decisions are often made when agents are uncertain what to do, and thus when agents lack best judgments. On the common understanding of self-control as an ability to act in line with an intention or best judgment (in the face of counter-motivation), decisions are not, and perhaps cannot, be the subject of self-control. In light of this, the authors propose that this common conception of self-control needs revision. As well as commitment-based self-control, they argue that there is also non-commitment-based self-control—the type of self-control over an action that need not involve any prior evaluative or executive commitment.

Violent Victimization and Low Self-Control: The Mediating Effect of Risky Lifestyles

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Reisig ◽  
Katelyn A. Golladay
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Risky Lifestyles ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
The Relationship

This study advances a multidimensional risky lifestyles scale (i.e., casual sex, drug involvement, active nightlife, peer deviance affiliation, and conflict escalation) and tests whether behaviors that bring people into contact with motivated offenders in the absence of capable guardianship mediates the relationship between low self-control and violent victimization. Using cross-sectional survey data from a university-based sample (N = 554), a second-order confirmatory factor model for risky lifestyles is estimated. Multivariate regression equations are used to test the effect of low self-control on violent victimization, and also to determine whether risky lifestyles acts as a mediator variable. The results show that the risky lifestyles scale fully mediates the relationship between low self-control and violent victimization. This observation holds across different measurement approaches and modeling strategies. Additional tests reveal that, when the scale is disaggregated, the effects of the individual dimensions of risky lifestyle vary in terms of effect size and level of statistical significance. While the multidimensional scale has sound psychometric properties, possesses robust directional accuracy, and reflects a broad array of risky behaviors, further refinement is necessary.

Violent Victimization and Low Self-Control: The Mediating Effect of Risky Lifestyles

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-174
Author(s):  
Michael D. Reisig ◽  
Katelyn A. Golladay
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Risky Lifestyles ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
The Relationship

This study advances a multidimensional risky lifestyles scale (i.e., casual sex, drug involvement, active nightlife, peer deviance affiliation, and conflict escalation) and tests whether behaviors that bring people into contact with motivated offenders in the absence of capable guardianship mediates the relationship between low self-control and violent victimization. Using cross-sectional survey data from a university-based sample (N = 554), a second-order confirmatory factor model for risky lifestyles is estimated. Multivariate regression equations are used to test the effect of low self-control on violent victimization, and also to determine whether risky lifestyles acts as a mediator variable. The results show that the risky lifestyles scale fully mediates the relationship between low self-control and violent victimization. This observation holds across different measurement approaches and modeling strategies. Additional tests reveal that, when the scale is disaggregated, the effects of the individual dimensions of risky lifestyle vary in terms of effect size and level of statistical significance. While the multidimensional scale has sound psychometric properties, possesses robust directional accuracy, and reflects a broad array of risky behaviors, further refinement is necessary.

Hug Drug or Thug Drug? Ecstasy Use and Aggressive Behavior

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Williams Reid ◽  
Kirk W. Elifson ◽  
Claire E. Sterk
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
The Relationship

While clinical studies have established a link between aggression and ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymeth-amphetamine [MDMA]), no research has attempted to explore how this link manifests itself in behavioral outcomes. In this research we examine the effects of ecstasy on aggressive and violent behavior in a sample of active users. Data were collected from 260 ecstasy users in Atlanta, Georgia. Data analysis included ordered logit regression to examine the likelihood of engaging in aggressive behavior, controlling for key predictors of aggression independent of ecstasy use. Our results indicate that those with a higher prevalence of lifetime ecstasy use exhibit higher levels of aggressive and violent behavior. However, the effect of lifetime ecstasy use differs by levels of low self-control as a measure of propensity for aggression. Those who exhibit low self-control are more affected by ecstasy use than those who do not in terms of aggression. Our findings add an important dimension to our current knowledge about the relationship between aggression and ecstasy.

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