The Effect of Refinement on Student Achievement in a Fundamental Motor Skill in Grades K through 6

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Masser
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Teacher Behavior ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Grade Levels

This study investigated whether the teacher behavior of refinement would affect boys’ and girls’ achievement in the standing broad jump across grade levels kindergarten through 6th grade. The study took place in a public school rural setting using intact classes involving 529 students. A nonequivalent control-group design was used for the experiment. All subjects were pretested and posttested. A posttest took place immediately following the experiment and after a time span of 7 months. The posttest scores were analyzed using an analysis of covariance at each grade level. From the analysis of the data, it was concluded that the teacher behavior of refinement did have both immediate and long-term positive effects on student achievement in performing the standing broad jump.

scholarly journals Effect Of Peer Tutoring On Students’ Academic Achievement In Office Technology And Mangement In Nigerian Polytechnics

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Pauline Egberanmwen Ehirheme ◽  
Titus Iloduba Eze
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Peer Tutoring ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Instructional Technique

Students of Office Technology and Management (OTM) in Nigerian polytechnics have consistently performed below expectations both academically and at work. This may be attributed to use of inappropriate instructional method. The need to improve this situation necessitated the research on effects of peer tutoring on students’ academic achievement in OTM in Nigerian polytechnics.  Using a research question to guide the study, and a null hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. A non-randomized quasi experimental research design, adopting pre-test; post-test non-equivalent control group design was used. South West Nigeria was the region of the research work with a populace of 503 National Diploma Year II (ND II) OTM students in four federal polytechnics.  Using cluster random sampling, a sample of the intact classes of 227 students from two states in the area of the study was drawn. Three OTM experts validated the “Office Technology and Management Achievement Test (OTMAT)” 100 items instrument for face and content validity. The Experts input modified some items and cancelled some which reduced 140 test items to 100 used for collecting data. Descriptive statistics of mean was used to analyze data and to respond to the research question while t-test and Analysis of Covariance were used to test the null hypothesis. Kuder-Richardson Formula 21 was adopted to establish internal consistency and reliability of the instrument which yielded a coefficient of 0.86. The research showed that Peer Tutoring Instructional Technique (PTIT) has higher positive effects on students’ academic achievement in OTM than Teacher-dominated Instructional Approach (TDIA), thus it can enhance students’ academic achievement in OTM. It was, therefore, suggested that OTM lecturers should include the use of Peer Tutoring Instructional Technique to boost learning in teaching their students.

scholarly journals Possible Consequences of Social Isolation For Children During The Pandemic Process: A Model Proposal

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Post Test

The aim of the present study is to review the existing literature on possible consequences of social isolation for children and propose a model that supports preschool children’s cognitive, social, emotional and physical development, who have been living their daily lives under social isolation conditions for a period of around 3 months in Turkey and who are likely to be exposed to new conditions of the normalization process where social distancing is recommended by health authorities. To help achieve this goal, a mobile application with a software feature such as a mobile timer and model reminder, a functional website and activities are designed to be integrated into the model by treating them as components of a systematic process called PEDAM (Pedagogical Support Assistance Model). The primary limitation of this study is that the proposed model has not yet been tested in an experimental, pre-test/post-test control group design or in a large sample. The main reason why it has not been applied experimental or long-term empirical research design in this study is that there is still a risk of transmission of COVID-19 for both children and adults. A second reason has to do with the necessity and responsibility to taking immediately initiative and action for the children who are in critical and sensitive periods of development. PEDAM is a model to ensure that parents have access to appropriate content and to control the content systematically, using only materials and physical activities whose positive effects are supported by existing researches.It is believed that PEDAM can give researchers from different disciplines an idea to design other applications for the planning of the Covid 19 pandemic process. Keywords: Covid 19, Social Isolation, Preschool Children, Model Suggestion

Effects of a 6-Week Straw Phonation in Water Exercise Program on the Aging Voice

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1018-1032
Author(s):  
Chia-Hsin Wu ◽  
Roger W. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Aging Voice ◽  
Before And After

Purpose Semi-occluded vocal tract (SOVT) exercises with tubes or straws have been widely used for a variety of voice disorders. Yet, the effects of longer periods of SOVT exercises (lasting for weeks) on the aging voice are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of a 6-week straw phonation in water (SPW) exercise program. Method Thirty-seven elderly subjects with self-perceived voice problems were assigned into two groups: (a) SPW exercises with six weekly sessions and home practice (experimental group) and (b) vocal hygiene education (control group). Before and after intervention (2 weeks after the completion of the exercise program), acoustic analysis, auditory–perceptual evaluation, and self-assessment of vocal impairment were conducted. Results Analysis of covariance revealed significant differences between the two groups in smoothed cepstral peak prominence measures, harmonics-to-noise ratio, the auditory–perceptual parameter of breathiness, and Voice Handicap Index-10 scores postintervention. No significant differences between the two groups were found for other measures. Conclusions Our results supported the positive effects of SOVT exercises for the aging voice, with a 6-week SPW exercise program being a clinical option. Future studies should involve long-term follow-up and additional outcome measures to better understand the efficacy of SOVT exercises, particularly SPW exercises, for the aging voice.

PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN INOVATIF TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS SISWA KELAS VIIIB1 SMP NEGERI 2 GEROKGAK DENGAN PENGENDALIAN KECERDASAN LINGUISTIK

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
I Made Wirta
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Innovative Learning ◽  
Inferential Analysis ◽  
English Students

The main objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of implementing innovative learning approaches upon English students’ achievement. The study was quasi experimental study using the post-test only control group design involving 35 students altogether selected using census sampling technique. The instrument which is used to gather data in the study was test. There were two tests used to gather intended data. They were linguistic test and student achievement test. The obtained data were analyzed statistically using descriptive and inferential analysis. The analysis of covariance was conducted to test the hypotheses.

Dilemma of the Untreated Control Group in Applied Research: A Proposed Solution

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Di Tomasso ◽  
Paul A. McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Gain Scores ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Effective Remedy ◽  
Internal And External Validity

Among the various impediments to controlled research in applied settings are the difficulties attendant upon the withholding or withdrawal of treatment that might prove beneficial to subjects and the inability of researchers to present simultaneously treatment conditions to all subjects. The multiple pretest-posttest control group design is introduced as an efficient and effective remedy to the problems with special focus upon controls for internal and external validity threats. Several variations of this basic strategy, including the alternating model, the staggered model, and the multiple pretest-posttest replications design, are illustrated and discussed. Finally, the arrangement of factors for statistical analysis is presented for both the case of analysis of covariance with posttest scores and analysis of variance using corrected gain scores.

scholarly journals Influence of mind mapping method implementation on learning results social science is required from students interest

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewa Nyoman Wija Astawa
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Science Achievement ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Mind Mapping ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Learning Interest

This study aimed at investigating the effect of the implementation of mind mapping learning method to the students’ social science achievement viewed from learning interest at the fourth-grade students of an elementary school in Denpasar city in the academic year 2016/2017. This study was quasi-experimental research which applied the posttest-only control group design involving 80 students of grade four at elementary school in Denpasar city who were selected by using the total sample sampling technique. The data of the students’ social science achievement and learning interest were collected and then analyzed using the Analysis of Covariance (Anacova). The result of this study showed that the students’ social science achievement who were treated with mind mapping learning method was higher compared to the students’ social science achievement of those treated with the conventional learning method. This difference was consistent even though the students’ learning interest has been controlled. Based on the result of this study, it is suggested that mind mapping learning method be applied in the teaching and learning process of social science at the elementary school.

scholarly journals Impact of Mindfulness Training on Spanish Police Officers’ Mental and Emotional Health: a Non-Randomized Pilot Study

Mindfulness ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Navarrete ◽  
Miguel Ángel García-Salvador ◽  
Ausiàs Cebolla ◽  
Rosa Baños
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Paired Samples

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this exploratory non-randomized controlled study was to determine the acceptance and effectiveness of an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) co-designed by a police officer. Methods A pretest-posttest control group design was followed. Participants (MBI group = 20; control group = 18) answered baseline and post-training self-reported measures. In addition, the weekly emotional state of the MBI group was collected. Paired-samples t-test and analysis of covariance were performed for pre-post within-group and between-group differences, respectively, as well as linear mixed effects analysis of repeated measures for week-by-week data. Results High acceptance and attendance rates, as well as significant pre-post within-group differences in the MBI group in mindfulness (η2 = 0.43), self-compassion (η2 = 0.43), depression (η2 = 0.54), anxiety (η2 = 0.46), stress (η2 = 0.51), difficulties in emotion regulation, sleep quality (η2 = 0.57), and burnout (η2 = 0.31–0.47), were identified. Moreover, police officers who underwent the MBI experienced a week by week decrease of anger, disgust, anxiety, sadness, and desire. Finally, after adjusting for pre-test scores, significant between-group differences were found in the way of attending to internal and external experiences (observing mindfulness facet; ηp2 = 0.21), depression symptoms (ηp2 = 0.23), general distress (ηp2 = 0.24), and the degree of physical and psychological exhaustion (personal burnout; ηp2 = 0.20). Conclusions The preliminary effectiveness of this MBI on psychopathology and quality of life outcomes in Spanish police officers was discussed. Previous evidence regarding the promising use of MBIs in this population was supported.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penerapan Bahan Ajar Model Inkuiri Terbimbing Terintegrasi Kearifan Lokal Berbasis Outcome Based Education (OBE) Melalui Penggunaan Media Online Terhadap Literasi Sains

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Juliani Rohaili ◽  
Dadi Setiadi ◽  
Kusmiyati Kusmiyati
Keyword(s):  
Grade Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Outcome Based Education ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Quasi Experiment

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan bahan ajar model inkuiri terbimbing terintegrasi kearifan lokal berbasis outcome based education (OBE) melalui penggunaan media online terhadap literasi sains peserta didik kelas X di SMAN 8 Mataram. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu (Quasi Experiment), dengan desain penelitian non-equivalent control group design. Populasi penelitian seluruh peserta didik kelas X MIA (164 orang). Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan angket validasi ahli, angket respon peserta didik, dan tes literasi sains. Hasil validasi kelayakan bahan ajar oleh ahli menunjukkan skor rata-rata 0,78 yang termasuk dalam kategori layak. Presentase respon peserta didik terhadap bahan ajar yaitu 55,93% yang tergolong sangat menarik. Data keterbacaan menggunakan flesh kinchaid grade level menyatakan naskah bahan ajar layak untuk kelas X dengan rentang usia pengguna 13-16 tahun dan rata-rata indeks keterbacaan sebesar 10,7. Hasil uji hipotesis MANOVA menunjukkan nilai signifikansi literasi sains peserta didik yaitu 0,000 (p < 0,05), sehingga penerapan bahan ajar model inkuiri terbimbing terintegrasi kearifan lokal berbasis outcome based education melalui penggunaan media online berpengaruh terhadap literasi sains peserta didik. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan bahan ajar model inkuiri  terbimbing terintegrasi kearifan lokal berbasis outcome based education melalui penggunaan media online berpengaruh terhadap literasi sains peserta didik.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Brainwave Synchronization in Alpha, Beta, and Theta Bands by Binaural Beats on Visuospatial Working Memory

2021 ◽  
pp. 186-191
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Binaural Beats ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Alpha Beta

Background and Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of synchronization of brain waves in alpha, beta, and theta bands by the Binaural beats on visuospatial working memory. Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest control group design. In this regard, 60 students were selected by the available sampling method and randomly divided into three experimental groups and one control group (n=15 each). All subjects were assessed in the pre-test and post-test stages by the Corsi blocks tapping test. Participants in the experimental groups received 15, 9, 5, and 6 Hz binaural beats for 12 min. The collected data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of covariance. Results: The findings showed that 15 Hz binaural beats (beta bands) significantly improved the subject's visuospatial working memory (P<0.05). Conclusions: Given that working memory is the basis of numerous cognitive functions, using 15 Hz binaural beats could improve the visuospatial working memory in these people

scholarly journals EFFECT OF COMBINATION OF HYPNOBREASTFEEDING AND ACUPRESSURE ON ANXIETY AND WOUND PAIN IN POST-CAESAREAN MOTHERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-532
Author(s):  
Diah Evawanna Anuhgera ◽  
Tjahjono Kuncoro ◽  
Sri Sumarni ◽  
Mardiyono Mardiyono ◽  
Ari Suwondo
Keyword(s):  
Public Hospital ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wound Pain ◽  
And Control

Background: Post-cesarean mothers often experience anxiety and discomfort due to long-term pain. The combination of hypnobreastfeeding and acupressure is considered to be effective in reducing anxiety and pain levels. Objective: This study aims to examine the effect of combination of hypnobreastfeeding and acupressure on anxiety and pain levels in post-caesarean mothers.Methods: This study was a true experiment with pretest-posttest control group design, conducted in the Ambarawa Public Hospital on 5 November to 9 December 2016. There were 36 participants selected using stratified random sampling, with 18 assigned in the experiment and control group. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and wilcoxon test.Results: There were statistically significant differences of anxiety and pain levels before and after intervention in the experiment and control group with p-value 0.001 (<0.05).Conclusion: The combination of hypnobreastfeeding and acupressure has a significant effect in reducing anxiety and pain levels in post-cesarean mothers. This intervention could be applied as an alternative therapy in treating post-caesarean mothers.

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