Precompetitive State Anxiety, Objective and Subjective Performance, and Causal Attributions in Competitive Swimmers

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remco Polman ◽  
Naomi Rowcliffe ◽  
Erika Borkoles ◽  
Andrew Levy

This study investigated the nature of the relationship between precompetitive state anxiety (CSAI-2C), subjective (race position) and objective (satisfaction) performance outcomes, and self-rated causal attributions (CDS-IIC) for performance in competitive child swimmers. Race position, subjective satisfaction, self-confidence, and, to a lesser extent, cognitive state anxiety (but not somatic state anxiety) were associated with the attributions provided by the children for their swimming performance. The study partially supported the self-serving bias hypothesis; winners used the ego-enhancing attributional strategy, but the losers did not use an ego-protecting attributional style. Age but not gender appeared to influence the attributions provided in achievement situations.

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Howard Z. ZENG ◽  
Raymond W. LEUNG ◽  
Wenhao LIU

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between competitive anxiety and self-confidence among collegiate varsity athletes. Participants were 96 athletes from a university in the United States, and their sport affiliations included baseball, volleyball, softball, track and field, and gymnastics. The following four questionnaires were administered to the participants: Competitive State Anxiety Inventroy-2, State Sport-Confidence Inventory, Sport Competition Anxiety Test for Adults, and Trait Sport-Confidence Inventory. Data were analyzed by Pearson product-moment correlations. Results showed that athletes who possessed a low level of competitive trait anxiety on a regular practice day tended to have low levels of cognitive state anxiety and somatic state anxiety, as well as high levels of state self-confidence and state sport­-confidence on a competition day. In addition, athletes who possessed a high level of trait sport-confidence on a regular practice day tended to have low levels of cognitive state anxiety and somatic state anxiety, and high levels of state self­-confidence and state sport-confidence on a competition day. The present investigation also found that cognitive state anxiety and somatic state anxiety were the predictors to estimate athletes’ self-confidence and performance. 本文旨在檢驗大學生運動員的競賽焦慮與自信之間的相關聯繫,研究對象為美國一所大學的九十六名大學生運動員,他們所在的運動隊包括壘球、排球、棒球、田徑和體操。四個調查問卷(其中兩個用於測量競賽焦慮,兩個用來調查運動員的自信心)被用來收集數據。並採用佩爾森運動相關係數檢驗法對數據進行了分析。結果表明:在正常訓練日裡具有低水平特質性競賽焦慮的運動員傾向於在競賽之日具有低水平的認知性焦慮和軀體性焦慮,但具有較高水平的狀態運動性自信心。而在正常的訓練日具 有高水平的特質性運動自信心的運動員傾向於在競賽之日具有低水平的認知性焦慮與軀體性焦慮。本研究也證實了認知性焦慮與軀體性焦慮為兩項預測運動員自信心與競技表現的有效指示。


1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gould ◽  
Linda Petlichkoff ◽  
Jeff Simons ◽  
Mel Vevera

This study examined whether linear or curvilinear (inverted-U) relationships exist between Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 subscale scores and pistol shooting performance in a paradigm that addressed previous design, methodological, and data analysis problems. Officers (N = 39) from the University of Illinois Police Training Institute served as subjects and participated in a pistol shooting competition. Each subject shot on five separate occasions, immediately after completing the CSAI-2 (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1983), a multidimensional measure of state anxiety. It was predicted that cognitive state anxiety would be more related to performance than would somatic state anxiety. However, relationships between both types of anxiety and performance were predicted to support inverted-U as opposed to linear relationships. Self-confidence was predicted to be positively related to performance. Results were analyzed using the intraindividual analysis procedures recommended by Sonstroem and Bernardo (1982) and showed that cognitive anxiety was not related to performance, somatic anxiety was related to performance in a curvilinear (inverted-U) fashion, and confidence was negatively related to performance.


Author(s):  
Rija Kamran

Background: Precompetitive anxiety refers to an indistinct but unrelenting feeling of uneasiness and dread in hours prior to the competition. Precompetitive anxiety has been shown to affect an athlete at various levels including match performance, sporting injuries, rehabilitation of sports injuries, return to activity and risk or re-injury. It has become a common practice to differentiate between the two common forms of anxiety. Therefore, the purpose of current study was to assess precompetitive anxiety in footballers of Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross section survey was conducted on 58 male footballers aged between 18-26 years. The data was collected from Pakistan football federation club and Fame football club. Total 34 footballers were assessed at the Pakistan football federation club and 24 at the Fame football club. The sampling strategy utilized was non-probability convenience sampling. The study was conducted over a period of 6 months from July 2018 to January 2019. Competitive state anxiety inventory was used to assess precompetitive anxiety 1 hour preceding the competition. Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21and results were presented in the form of frequency and percentages. Results: Out of 58 participating footballers, 44.8% (n=26) reported moderate levels of somatic state anxiety, 72.4% (n=42) reported moderate levels of cognitive state anxiety and 48.3% (n=28) reported moderate levels of self-confidence. Conclusion: The study concluded that moderate to low levels of somatic state anxiety, moderate levels of cognitive state anxiety and moderate to high levels of self-confidence were present in majority of participating footballers.


1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Perreault ◽  
Dan Q. Marisi

The purpose of the present field study was to examine the predictions of Multidimensional Anxiety Theory (MAT; Martens et al., 1990) with elite male wheelchair basketball players. Thirty-seven elite male wheelchair basketball players completed the CSAI-II prior to each of three tournament games. Results were analyzed using the intraindividual procedures recommended by Sonstroem and Bernado (1982), and separate polynomial trend analyses were used to test the predictions of MAT. Results did not provide statistical support for MAT in that there were no reliable trends between cognitive state anxiety, somatic state anxiety, state self-confidence, and basketball performance. Avenues for future research are suggested.


1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Bird ◽  
Melanie A. Horn

This investigation tested the relationship between level of cognitive anxiety and degree of mental errors in a sport setting. Subjects were female high school varsity softball players. The dimensions of cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence were assessed by the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). Coaches evaluated mental errors during game play by ratings on a 10-point bipolar scale. Final subject selection was determined by dichotomizing individuals who scored lower on the scale (1-4) and higher on the scale (7-10). Analysis of variance yielded a single significant main effect which indicated that the two mental-error groups differed in cognitive anxiety. This supports the major prediction tested. Discussion centers on the apparent benefits of investigating variables more intimately associated with the attentional/cognitive disruption process versus focusing solely on objective sport outcome.


1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Carter ◽  
Anita E. Kelly

This study explored the moderating effect of psychological reactance on the success of traditional and paradoxical mental imagery treatments that were aimed at reducing anxiety in athletes. Intramural college basketball players (N = 73) were recruited through advertisements for a free-throw contest, and their anxiety and free-throw performance were measured following treatment in one of three groups: confidence imagery, paradoxical imagery, or control. As predicted, in the paradoxical condition, high-reactant athletes reported having significantly lower somatic state anxiety and significantly higher state self-confidence than did low-reactant athletes. In contrast, high- and low-reactant athletes did not differ in their anxiety scores in both the confidence imagery and control conditions. Results suggested that reactance does moderate the effect of the success of traditional and paradoxical imagery treatments for reducing athletes’ anxiety.


1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1107-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Newton ◽  
Joan Duda

This study examined the relationships among task and ego orientation, expectations for success, and multidimensional state anxiety in a competitive sport situation. Subjects ( N = 107) enrolled in a tennis skills class were gender- and ability-matched and asked to play an eight game pro-set. One week prior to the match goal orientations were assessed. Immediately prior to competition multidimensional state anxiety and performance expectations were measured. Multiple regression analyses predicting multidimensional state anxiety revealed that somatic and cognitive state anxiety were only predicted by performance expectations. Also, lower ego orientation and positive match expectations were predictive of state self-confidence. Results are interpreted in light of goal perspective theory.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mohebi ◽  
◽  
Athena Gharayagh Zandi ◽  
Sahar Zarei ◽  
Hassan Gharayagh Zandi ◽  
...  

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between Self-compassion and precompetitive anxiety among female athlete students. Methods: This was a descriptive correlational study. Two hundred and fifty-three female students (140 taekwondo & 113 karate) were selected among athletes present at the 14th Student Cultural Sports Olympiad. Self-compassion Scale and Competitive State Anxiety–2 were used in this study before competing in games to measure the aforementioned theoretical constructs. Results: The obtained results revealed a significant relationship between pre-competitive anxiety and Self-compassion. Moreover, the components of this characteristic positively predicted self-confidence variance; however, this prediction reversed with somatic and cognitive anxiety. Conclusion: Based on the current study results, Self-compassion plays a moderating role in the pre-competitive anxiety of female martial arts athletes. Therefore, improving this characteristic should be considered to promote self-confidence and reduce the pre-competitive anxiety in these athletes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-118
Author(s):  
Jesús Ríos Garit ◽  
Yanet Pérez Surita ◽  
Aurelio Olmedilla Zafra ◽  
Verónica Gómez-Espejo

Las lesiones constituyen uno de los principales problemas en el deporte debido a las repercusiones negativas sobre la salud y el rendimiento del deportista. Su etiología multifactorial requiere que sean abordadas también desde lo psicológico para comprender su comportamiento de manera integral y lograr mayores impactos en su prevención. La presente investigación se realizó con los lanzadores de béisbol de primera categoría de la provincia de Villa Clara, Cuba, con el propósito de determinar la relación entre las variables psicológicas asociadas al rendimiento del deportista y las lesiones. Se estudiaron un total de 48 lanzadores constituyendo una población heterogénea, integrada por deportistas noveles y de mayor experiencia competitiva. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Aspectos Deportivos y Lesiones, el Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado, el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado en Competición y el Inventario Psicológico de Ejecución Deportiva. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los lanzadores estudiados presentan una baja percepción de la relación entre variables psicológicas y lesiones, constatando además que en la competición aparecen más lesiones que en los entrenamientos y que los deportistas con antecedentes de lesiones presentan diferencias significativas en el estado de determinadas variables psicológicas en comparación con los lanzadores que no se han lesionado. Estas diferencias se observan en la ansiedad estado en competición, la autoconfianza, el control del afrontamiento negativo, el control de la atención y el control visual e imaginativo. Injuries are one of the main problems in sport due to the negative impact on the health and performance of the athlete. Their multi-causal etiology requires that they also be approached from the psychological to understand their behavior in an integral way and achieve greater impacts in its prevention. The present investigation was carried out with the first category Baseball pitchers of the province of Villa Clara, Cuba, with the purpose of determining the relationship between the psychological variables associated with the athlete's performance and the injuries. A total of 48 pitchers were studied, constituting a heterogeneous population, made up of new athletes with greater competitive experience. The Sports Aspects and Injuries Questionnaire, the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory, the Competing State Anxiety Inventory and the Psychological Inventory of Sports Execution were applied. The results obtained show that the pitchers studied have a low perception of the relationship between psychological variables and injuries, also confirming that in the competition there are more injuries than in training. In addition, the results are displaying that athletes with a history of injuries and within these, the ones that most injuries have suffered, present significant differences in the status of certain psychological variables compared to pitchers who have not been injured. This difference can be observed in competition state anxiety, self-confidence, negative coping control, attention control, and visual and imaginative control. Le lesioni sono uno dei principali problemi negli sport a causa dell'impatto negativo sulla salute e sulle prestazioni dell'atleta. La loro eziologia multifattoriale richiede che vengano affrontati anche dal punto di vista psicologico per comprendere il loro comportamento in modo integrale e ottenere maggiori impatti nella sua prevenzione. La presente indagine è stata condotta con i lanciatori di baseball di prima categoria della provincia di Villa Clara con lo scopo di determinare la relazione tra le variabili psicologiche associate alla prestazione dell'atleta e le lesioni. Sono stati studiati un totale di 48 lanciatori, costituendo una popolazione eterogenea, composta da nuovi atleti con una maggiore esperienza competitiva. Sono stati applicati il ​​questionario sugli aspetti sportivi e sugli infortuni, l'inventario dell'ansia trait-state, l'inventario dell'ansia di stato in competizione e l'inventario psicologico dell'esecuzione sportiva. I risultati ottenuti mostrano che i lanciatori studiati hanno una bassa percezione del rapporto tra variabili psicologiche e infortuni, confermando anche che nella competizione ci sono più infortuni che in allenamento e che gli atleti con una storia di infortuni e al loro interno, quelli che più le lesioni hanno sofferto, presentano differenze significative nello stato di alcune variabili psicologiche rispetto ai lanciatori che non sono stati feriti. Questa differenza può essere osservata in variabili come; l'ansia era in competizione, la fiducia in se stessi, il controllo del coping negativo, il controllo dell'attenzione e il controllo visivo e immaginativo. As lesões são um dos principais problemas do esporte devido ao impacto negativo na saúde e no desempenho do atleta. Sua etiologia multifatorial exige que eles também sejam abordados do ponto de vista psicológico para entender seu comportamento de maneira integral e obter maiores impactos em sua prevenção. A presente investigação foi realizada com a primeira categoria de lançadores de basebol da província de Villa Clara, Cuba, com o objetivo de determinar a relação entre as variáveis ​​psicológicas associadas ao desempenho do atleta e as lesões. Foram estudados 48 lançadores, constituindo uma população heterogênea, composta por novos atletas com maior experiência competitiva. Foram aplicados o Questionário de Aspectos e Lesões Esportivas, o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado, o Inventário de Ansiedade Estado Competente e o Inventário Psicológico de Execução Esportiva. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os lançadores estudados têm uma baixa percepção da relação entre variáveis ​​psicológicas e lesões, confirmando também que na competição há mais lesões do que nos treinos e que atletas com histórico de lesões e dentro delas, as que mais lesões sofridas apresentam diferenças significativas no status de certas variáveis ​​psicológicas em comparação com lançadores que não foram feridos. Essa diferença pode ser observada na ansiedade do estado de competição, autoconfiança, controle negativo de enfrentamento, controle da atenção e controle visual e imaginativo.


1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mel E. Finkenberg ◽  
James N. Dinucci ◽  
E. Donice McCune ◽  
Sandra L. McCune

77 cheerleaders participating in a national collegiate championship competition were administered the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 immediately prior to performance. Significant correlations were found between cognitive and somatic state anxiety, a finding consistent with previous research. Negative correlations were found between both cognitive and somatic anxiety and self-confidence, also as previously reported. Canonical discriminant analysis indicated that significant discrimination between the teams could be accomplished by a combination of the state-anxiety variables. Both groups, 36 men and 41 women, differed significantly from normative scores on the somatic subscale.


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