scholarly journals Facilitating Endurance Performance: The Effects of Cognitive Strategies and Analgesic Suggestions

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin S. Spink
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Pain Ratings ◽  
Subjective Pain ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Control

This study examined the effects of a cognitive strategy (dissociation) and an analgesic suggestion on the duration and pain ratings of individuals performing a muscular endurance task. Thirty-six individuals were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: dissociation group, dissociation/analgesic group, and a control group. Measures of leg-holding times and subjective pain ratings were obtained twice, once before the treatment and once after the treatment. Results indicated that individuals in the dissociation/analgesic group performed significantly better on the posttest than individuals in the dissociation and control groups. No significant differences in reported pain ratings were found between any of the three groups. The findings are discussed in terms of alternative explanations. Future research directions are also provided.

scholarly journals Recurrent Cholera Outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa: Moving beyond Epidemiology to Understand the Environmental Reservoirs and Drivers

Challenges ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis Gwenzi ◽  
Edmond Sanganyado
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control ◽  
Water Borne

Recurrent cholera outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) attracted a lot of research interest, raising questions about the effectiveness of current prevention and control methods. However, research on cholera and other water-borne diseases in Africa is dominated by epidemiological studies, while investigations on the environmental drivers and reservoirs of cholera remain scarce. The current discourse relating cholera to the environment in SSA is often limited to the rudimentary statement that, “cholera is caused by the consumption of contaminated water and food”. Yet, beyond this simplistic view, literature elsewhere shows that cholera outbreaks are controlled by its complex interactions with environmental drivers and reservoirs. This brings to question whether cholera can be eradicated in SSA without understanding these complex interactions. The current review seeks to (1) highlight the nature and dynamics of recent cholera outbreaks in SSA, (2) discuss the importance of environmental reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae, and anthropogenic and hydroclimatic drivers in controlling the dynamics of cholera outbreaks, and (3) highlight key knowledge gaps and future research directions, and the need to harness emerging research tools such as modeling, machine learning, data mining, and genomics techniques to better understand the cholera dynamics. By bringing to fore these often-overlooked issues in cholera research, we seek to stimulate discussion, and promote a shift toward cross-disciplinary research on cholera and other water-borne diseases in SSA and beyond.

scholarly journals A Botnets Circumspection: The Current Threat Landscape, and What We Know So Far

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel C. Ogu ◽  
Olusegun A. Ojesanmi ◽  
Oludele Awodele ◽  
‘Shade Kuyoro
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Botnets have carved a niche in contemporary networking and cybersecurity due to the impact of their operations. The botnet threat continues to evolve and adapt to countermeasures as the security landscape continues to shift. As research efforts attempt to seek a deeper and robust understanding of the nature of the threat for more effective solutions, it becomes necessary to again traverse the threat landscape, and consolidate what is known so far about botnets, that future research directions could be more easily visualised. This research uses the general exploratory approach of the qualitative methodology to survey the current botnet threat landscape: Covering the typology of botnets and their owners, the structure and lifecycle of botnets, botnet attack modes and control architectures, existing countermeasure solutions and limitations, as well as the prospects of a botnet threat. The product is a consolidation of knowledge pertaining the nature of the botnet threat; which also informs future research directions into aspects of the threat landscape where work still needs to be done.

scholarly journals Mindfulness-based treatment for Bipolar Disorder: A systematic review of the literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Bojic ◽  
Rodrigo Becerra
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Gains ◽  
And Control

Despite the increasing number of studies examining the effects of mindfulness interventions on symptoms associated with Bipolar Disorder (BD), the effectiveness of this type of interventions remains unclear. The aim of the present systematic review was to (i) critically review all available evidence on Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) as a form of intervention for BD; (ii) discuss clinical implications of MBCT in treating patients with BD; and (iii) provide a direction for future research. The review presents findings from 13 studies (N = 429) that fulfilled the following selection criteria: (i) included BD patients; (ii) presented results separately for BD patients and control groups (where a control group was available); (iii) implemented MBCT intervention; (iv) were published in English; (v) were published in a peer reviewed journal; and (vi) reported results for adult participants. Although derived from a relatively small number of studies, results from the present review suggest that MBCT is a promising treatment in BD in conjunction with pharmacotherapy. MBCT in BD is associated with improvements in cognitive functioning and emotional regulation, reduction in symptoms of anxiety depression and mania symptoms (when participants had residual manic symptoms prior to MBCT). These, treatment gains were maintained at 12 month follow up when mindfulness was practiced for at least 3 days per week or booster sessions were included. Additionally, the present review outlined some limitations of the current literature on MBCT interventions in BD, including small study sample sizes, lack of active control groups and idiosyncratic modifications to the MBCT intervention across studies. Suggestions for future research included focusing on factors underlying treatment adherence and understanding possible adverse effects of MBCT, which could be of crucial clinical importance.

scholarly journals How to Get Better: Taking Notes Mediates the Effect of a Video Tutorial on Number Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Benedikt Schneider ◽  
Jörn R. Sparfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Number Series ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Video Tutorial ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Sum Scores ◽  
Open Question

In recent studies, test-score increases have been shown in rule-based intelligence test tasks, such as number series, after watching a corresponding video tutorial. An open question remains regarding the mechanisms involved. Specifically, taking notes to describe the relations between numbers might be linked to test scores, and is hypothesized to mediate the effect of a number series video tutorial on number series test scores. Therefore, an experimental group (EG) watching a number series video tutorial (n = 58) was compared with a control group (CG) watching an irrelevant tutorial (n = 52) before working on number series items. Results revealed higher number series scores in the EG than the CG (d = .48), more items with provided notes in the EG than in the CG (d = .41), and substantial correlations between the number of items with notes and the number series sum scores in both groups (EG: r = .66; CG: r = .75). The effect of the video tutorial on the number series sum score was mediated by the number of items with notes (indirect effect = 3.41, SE = 1.74). Theoretical and practical implications as well as future research directions are discussed.

Effects of Adult Learner Participation in Course Planning on Achievement and Satisfaction

1983 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Rosenblum ◽  
Gordon G. Darkenwald
Keyword(s):  
Support Service ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Learner Participation ◽  
Course Planning ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

A cardinal principle of adult education is that adults should participate in planning their own learning activities. The benefits of such participation have not, however, been documented through controlled experimental inquiry. The present study tested the hypotheses that participation in course planning would result in higher achievement and satisfaction. A post-test only control group design was employed with replication. The subjects of the initial experiment were 28 nursing supervisors randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions. The experimental group participated in planning their course in supervision. The control group completed the course as planned by the experimental group. The experiment was then replicated with 26 support service supervisors. The results were nearly identical for both experiments. No differences were found between the experimental and control groups in either achievement or satisfaction. One explanation for the findings is that control group subjects reaped the benefits of a “good course” planned by co-workers with similar needs. Nonetheless, direct participation in itself was found to have no effects, thereby raising important questions for future research.

Online Homework Managers and Intelligent Tutoring Systems: A Study of Their Impact on Student Learning in the Introductory Financial Accounting Classroom

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Hahn ◽  
Chris Fairchild ◽  
William B. Dowis
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Tutoring Systems ◽  
Intelligent Tutoring ◽  
Intelligent Tutoring System ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Online Homework ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Tutoring Systems ◽  
Future Research Directions

ABSTRACT: The online homework manager (OHM) and the intelligent tutoring system (ITS) are two supplemental teaching tools available for accounting educators' use in the introductory financial accounting course. While research related to these systems is limited, prior studies find a tenuous performance advantage related to their use. To advance the literature in this area, this paper evaluates the performance benefit related to an OHM and an ITS, each employed independently as an additional study aid during the first course unit in one of two sections of the introductory financial accounting course. A third section used paper-and-pencil only and served as a control group. Results of tests on several performance measures did not identify a learning advantage associated with either the OHM or the ITS. Nor was a learning advantage identified when this study's results were compared to exam results from 14 previous semesters. Implications for accounting educators and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Modeling and control of piezoelectric inertia–friction actuators: review and future research directions

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. F. Liu ◽  
J. Li ◽  
X. H. Hu ◽  
Z. M. Zhang ◽  
L. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additional Benefit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
General Architecture ◽  
And Control

Abstract. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the modeling and control of piezoelectric inertia–friction actuators (PIFAs). Examples of PIFAs are impact drive mechanisms (IDMs) and friction-driving actuators (FDAs). In this paper, the critical challenges are first identified in modeling and control of PIFAs. Second, a general architecture of PIFAs is proposed to facilitate the analysis and classification of the literature regarding modeling and control of PIFAs. This general architecture covers all types of PIFAs (e.g., FDAs, IDMs) and thus serves as a general conceptual model of PIFAs. There is an additional benefit with this general architecture of PIFAs, namely that it is conducive to innovation in PIFAs, as new specific PIFAs may be designed in order to tailor to a specific application (for example, both FDAs and IDMs are viewed as specific PIFAs). Finally, the paper presents future directions in modeling and control for further improvement of the performance of PIFAs.

Functional Neuroimaging of Acupuncture

2013 ◽  
pp. 142-155
Author(s):  
Bin Yan ◽  
Yu Lei ◽  
Li Tong ◽  
KeWei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Chinese Healing ◽  
And Control

Acupuncture, an ancient Chinese healing methodology, is becoming increasingly popular throughout the world. However, the mechanism by which acupuncture exerts its effects is not yet fully understood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a widely used technique to observe brain activity noninvasively. In this chapter, the authors first review the existing literature on the effects of acupuncture on brain activity and connectivity. The authors next discuss some basic issues in the study of acupuncture with fMRI, including deqi, baseline and control measures, acupuncture modalities, and experimental paradigms. At the end of the chapter, future research directions in the study of acupuncture with fMRI are suggested.

scholarly journals What We Know and What We Do Not Know about Trust in Work Teams: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Diana Dumitru ◽  
Alexandra Mittelstadt
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Work Teams ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Studies ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Control

Trust in work teams is a growing field of research. Numerous studies research trust in work teams in connection to team effectiveness and team performance. But this substantial amount of work lacks continuity and systematization in terms of conceptualization and operationalization. With this research project we take stock of the knowledge from previous studies and carry out a systematic review of the literature on trust in work teams. We analyze a total of 64 papers addressing trust in work teams, published between 1999 and 2019 (inclusive). In our review we focus on how trust in teams has been conceptualized and operationalized, how trust develops and is maintained in work teams, and on the tangled relationships between trust, distrust, and control. With this paper we contribute to the field of management and organizational studies by offering a theoretical framework of the antecedents of trust in work teams and by identifying current research gaps and future research directions. 

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