scholarly journals Emergent Sensing of Complex Environments by Mobile Animal Groups

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 339 (6119) ◽  
pp. 574-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Berdahl ◽  
Colin J. Torney ◽  
Christos C. Ioannou ◽  
Jolyon J. Faria ◽  
Iain D. Couzin
Keyword(s):  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Collective Sensing ◽  
Mobile Animal ◽  
Biological Taxa

The capacity for groups to exhibit collective intelligence is an often-cited advantage of group living. Previous studies have shown that social organisms frequently benefit from pooling imperfect individual estimates. However, in principle, collective intelligence may also emerge from interactions between individuals, rather than from the enhancement of personal estimates. Here, we reveal that this emergent problem solving is the predominant mechanism by which a mobile animal group responds to complex environmental gradients. Robust collective sensing arises at the group level from individuals modulating their speed in response to local, scalar, measurements of light and through social interaction with others. This distributed sensing requires only rudimentary cognition and thus could be widespread across biological taxa, in addition to being appropriate and cost-effective for robotic agents.

scholarly journals Mapping Sensitive Vegetation Communities in Mining Eco-space using UAV-LiDAR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikram Banerjee ◽  
Simit Raval
Keyword(s):  
Longwall Mining ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Efficient Data

Near earth sensing from unmanned aerial vehicles or UAVs has emerged as a potential approach for fine-scale environmental monitoring. These systems provide a cost-effective and repeatable means to acquire remotely sensed images in unprecedented spatial detail and high signal-to-noise ratio. It is becoming increasingly possible to obtain both physiochemical and structural insights of the environment using state-of-art light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors integrated onto UAVs. Monitoring of sensitive environments, such as swamp vegetation in longwall mining areas is important, yet challenging due to their inherent complexities. Current practices for monitoring these remote and difficult environments are primarily ground-based. This is partly due to an absent framework and challenges of using UAV-based sensor systems in monitoring such sensitive environments. This research addresses the related challenges in the development of a LiDAR system including a workflow for mapping and potentially monitoring highly heterogeneous and complex environments. This involves the amalgamation of several design components, which include hardware integration, calibration of sensors, mission planning, and designing of a processing chain to generate usable datasets. It also includes the creation of new methodologies and processing routines to establish a pipeline for efficient data retrieval and generation of usable products. The designed systems and methods were applied on a peat swamp environment to obtain accurate geo-spatialised LiDAR point cloud. Performance of the LiDAR data was tested against ground-based measurements on various aspects including visual assessment for generation LiDAR metrices maps, canopy height model, and fine-scale mapping.

scholarly journals Plataforma de colaboración en la nube mediante filtros colaborativos en ambientes educativos [Platform for collaboration in the cloud using collaborative filtering in educational environments]

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhon Haide Cano Beltrán ◽  
Álvaro Javier Muñoz daza
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Filtering ◽  
Recommendation System ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Collaborative Systems ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Collaborative Platform ◽  
La Red

Resumen La inteligencia colectiva ha permitido resolver más problemas a nivel de grupo que si lo hicieran de manera individual, esta afirmación conlleva a que los estudiantes y profesores dejan de ser actores pasivos para convertirse en actores activos, las técnicas de filtro colaborativo permiten inferir recomendaciones y estrategias para la generación de conocimiento colectivo. Este conocimiento colectivo tiene dos premisas, la primera es que el conocimiento colectivo se da entre dos o más personas y segundo que exista interacciones entre ellas, aunado a estas dos premisas la web provee un espacio fascinante que cumplen con las condiciones anteriores y además genera espacios de participación y colaboración, lo que posibilita la construcción de redes de tipo colaborativo, de esta manera se tiene la red como plataforma y el software como un servicio, un sistema de recomendación permite guiar al usuario en la obtención de información de acuerdo a las preferencias, de allí que se puedan obtener patrones y recomendaciones sobre un tema específico. Palabras Clave: Plataforma Colaborativa, Educación, Sistemas Colaborativos, Motor de Sugerencias, Ecosistemas Digitales.   Abstract Collective intelligence has solved more problems at group level if they did individually, this statement entails those students and teachers are no longer passive actors to become active participants, collaborative filtering techniques to infer recommendations and strategies for the generation of collective knowledge. This collective knowledge has two premises, the first is that the collective knowledge exists between two or more people and second that there is interaction between them, these two premises together with the web provides a fascinating space that meet the above conditions and generates spaces of participation and collaboration, enabling the construction of a collaborative network, so you have the network as platform and software as a service, a recommendation system can guide the user in obtaining information according to the preferences, from there you can get patterns and recommendations on a specific topic. Keywords: Collaborative Platform, Education, Collaborative Systems, Engine Tips, Digital Ecosystems.

scholarly journals Molecular analyses reveal consistent food web structure with elevation in rainforest Drosophila - parasitoid communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Jeffs ◽  
J. Christopher D. Terry ◽  
Megan Higgie ◽  
Anna Jandová ◽  
Hana Konvičková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Develop Model ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Interacting Species ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Powerful Approach

AbstractThe analysis of interaction networks across spatial environmental gradients is a powerful approach to investigate the responses of communities to global change. Using a combination of DNA metabarcoding and traditional molecular methods we built bipartite Drosophila-parasitoid food webs from six Australian rainforest sites across gradients spanning 850 m in elevation and 5° Celsius in mean temperature. Our cost-effective hierarchical approach to network reconstruction separated the determination of host frequencies from the detection and quantification of interactions. The food webs comprised 5-9 host and 5-11 parasitoid species at each site, and showed a lower incidence of parasitism at high elevation. Despite considerable turnover in the relative abundance of host Drosophila species, and contrary to some previous results, we did not detect significant changes to fundamental metrics of network structure including nestedness and specialisation with elevation. Advances in community ecology depend on data from a combination of methodological approaches. It is therefore especially valuable to develop model study systems for sets of closely-interacting species that are diverse enough to be representative, yet still amenable to field and laboratory experiments.

scholarly journals NNT: Nearest Neighbour Trapezoid Algorithm for IoT WLAN Smart Indoor Localization Leveraging RSSI Height Estimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Wilford Arigye ◽  
Mu Zhou ◽  
Muhammad Junaid Tahir ◽  
Waqas Khalid ◽  
Qiaolin Pu
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Target Space ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Efficient Scheme ◽  
Cell Tower ◽  
The Impact

Indoor localization as a technique for assisting, or replacing outdoor satellite and cell tower localization systems, has taken a toll in the recent Internet of Things (IoT) era. This IoT drive has prompted increased research towards indoor localization, where fingerprinting, radio mapping as a cost-effective and efficient scheme, is emerging as the best enterprise entrepreneurs choose. However, indoor complex environments comprise of trackable devices (TD) at various heights, such as child trackers, dog tags, TD on the table, TD’s in the pockets, and situations such as pedestrians talking on the phone: that is at the height of the ear, amongst others. This paper first investigates and analyses “experimentally” the impact of received signal strength indicator (RSSI) fingerprinting height to construct radio maps for indoor localization. Secondly, it proposes the novel trapezoid path loss model for RSSI estimation and finally the nearest neighbour trapezoid (NNT) algorithm for IoT smart indoor localization leveraging and mitigating the impact of height considered during the offline signal fingerprinting. We further propose approximately 1 meter above the flooring of the target space as the effective fingerprinting height for indoor localization approaches.

Latitudinal and altitudinal variation in ecologically important traits in a widespread butterfly

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 742-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Günter ◽  
Michaël Beaulieu ◽  
Massimo Brunetti ◽  
Lena Lange ◽  
Angela Schmitz Ornés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Altitudinal Variation ◽  
Pieris Napi ◽  
Anthropogenic Global Change

Abstract Understanding how organisms adapt to complex environments lies at the very heart of evolutionary biology and ecology, and is of particular concern in the current era of anthropogenic global change. Variation in ecologically important traits associated with environmental gradients is considered to be strong evidence for adaptive responses. Here, we study phenotypic variation along a latitudinal and an altitudinal cline in 968 field-collected males of the widespread European butterfly Pieris napi. In contrast to our expectations, body size decreased with increasing latitude and altitude, suggesting that warmer rather than cooler conditions may be more beneficial for individual development in this species. Higher altitudes but not latitudes seemed to be associated with increased flight performance, suggesting stronger challenges for flight activity in high-altitude environments (e.g. due to strong wind). Moreover, wing melanization increased while yellow reflectance decreased towards colder environments in both clines. Thus, increased melanization under thermally challenging conditions seems to compromise investment into a sexually selected trait, resulting in a trade-off. Our study, although exclusively based on field-collected males, revealed indications of adaptive patterns along geographical clines. It documents the usefulness of field-collected specimens, and the strength of comparing latitudinal and altitudinal clines to identify traits being potentially under thermal selection.

scholarly journals Inferring collective behaviour from a fossilized fish shoal

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1903) ◽  
pp. 20190891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuaki Mizumoto ◽  
Shinya Miyata ◽  
Stephen C. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Collective Motion ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Social ◽  
Simple Rules ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Extinct Group

Collective motion by animal groups can emerge from simple rules that govern each individual's interactions with its neighbours. Studies of extant species have shown how such rules yield coordinated group behaviour, but little is known of their evolutionary origins or whether extinct group-living organisms used similar rules. Here, we report evidence consistent with coordinated collective motion in a fossilized group of the extinct fish Erismatopterus levatus , and we infer possible behavioural rules that underlie it. We found traces of two rules for social interaction similar to those used by extant fishes: repulsion from close individuals and attraction towards neighbours at a distance. Moreover, the fossilized fish showed group-level structures in the form of oblong shape and high polarization, both of which we successfully reproduced in simulations incorporating the inferred behavioural rules. Although it remains unclear how the fish shoal's structure was preserved in the fossil, these findings suggest that fishes have been forming shoals by combining sets of simple behavioural rules since at least the Eocene. Our study highlights the possibility of exploring the social communication of extinct animals, which has been thought to leave no fossil record.

scholarly journals How Approaches to Animal Swarm Intelligence Can Improve the Study of Collective Intelligence in Human Teams

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Lisa O’Bryan ◽  
Margaret Beier ◽  
Eduardo Salas
Keyword(s):  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Team Behavior ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Team Outcomes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Or Team ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

Researchers of team behavior have long been interested in the essential components of effective teamwork. Much existing research focuses on examining correlations between team member traits, team processes, and team outcomes, such as collective intelligence or team performance. However, these approaches are insufficient for providing insight into the dynamic, causal mechanisms through which the components of teamwork interact with one another and impact the emergence of team outcomes. Advances in the field of animal behavior have enabled a precise understanding of the behavioral mechanisms that enable groups to perform feats that surpass the capabilities of the individuals that comprise them. In this manuscript, we highlight how studies of animal swarm intelligence can inform research on collective intelligence in human teams. By improving the ability to obtain precise, time-varying measurements of team behaviors and outcomes and building upon approaches used in studies of swarm intelligence to analyze and model individual and group-level behaviors, researchers can gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the emergence of collective intelligence. Such understanding could inspire targeted interventions to improve team effectiveness and support the development of a comparative framework of group-level intelligence in animal and human groups.

scholarly journals “Bolder” together – response to human social cues in free-ranging dogs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debottam Bhattacharjee ◽  
Shubhra Sau ◽  
Anindita Bhadra
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractInterspecific interactions within an ecosystem have different direct and indirect effects on the two interacting species. In the urban environment, humans are a part of an interaction network of several species. While indirect human influence on different urban species has been measured extensively, experimental studies concerning direct human influence are lacking. In this study, we tested interactions between groups of urban free-ranging dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and solitary unfamiliar humans in ecologically relevant contexts. We provided different sets of dogs with four commonly used human social cues (neutral, friendly, low and high impact threatening) to understand their responses at the group-level and identify potential inter-individual differences. Finally, we compared data from a previous study to investigate the differences in behavioural outcomes between solitary and groups of dogs while interacting with humans. The study not only strengthens the idea of situation-relevant responsiveness in free-ranging dogs but also highlights the minute differences between solitary and group-level reactions in the form of higher approach and less anxious behaviour of groups towards the unfamiliar human. Additionally, we report inter-individual differences and the effect of sex while responding to the threatening cues. Our study suggests a direct benefit of group-living over a solitary lifestyle in free-ranging dogs while interacting with humans in the streets.Summary statementFree-ranging dogs can benefit by living in groups over a solitary lifestyle while interacting with unfamiliar humans in urban habitats irrespective of having significant inter-individual differences.

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