scholarly journals Activity of the Novel Peptide Arminin against Multiresistant Human Pathogens Shows the Considerable Potential of Phylogenetically Ancient Organisms as Drug Sources

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 5245-5250 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Augustin ◽  
Friederike Anton-Erxleben ◽  
Stephanie Jungnickel ◽  
Georg Hemmrich ◽  
Björn Spudy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Proteolytic Processing ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria highlights the need for new antibacterial agents. Arminin 1a is a novel antimicrobial peptide discovered during investigations of the epithelial defense of the ancient metazoan Hydra. Following proteolytic processing, the 31-amino-acid-long positively charged C-terminal part of arminin 1a exhibits potent and broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, including multiresistant human pathogenic strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains (minimal bactericidal concentration, 0.4 μM to 0.8 μM). Ultrastructural observations indicate that bacteria are killed by disruption of the bacterial cell wall. Remarkably, the antibacterial activity of arminin 1a is not affected under the physiological salt conditions of human blood. In addition, arminin 1a is a selective antibacterial agent that does not affect human erythrocyte membranes. Arminin 1a shows no sequence homology to any known antimicrobial peptide. Because of its high level of activity against multiresistant bacterial strains pathogenic for humans, the peptide arminin 1a is a promising template for a new class of antibiotics. Our data suggest that ancient metazoan organisms such as Hydra hold promise for the detection of novel antimicrobial molecules and the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antibiotic-Potentiating Activities of Thirteen Cameroonian Edible Plants against Gram-Negative Resistant Phenotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Nayim ◽  
Armelle T. Mbaveng ◽  
Brice E. N. Wamba ◽  
Aimé G. Fankam ◽  
Joachim K. Dzotam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

This work was designed to investigate the antibacterial activities of methanol extracts from thirteen Cameroonian edible plants and their antibiotic-potentiating effects against Gram-negative multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts, as well as their antibiotic-potentiating activities. The phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out according to the standard methods. The results of phytochemical tests revealed the presence of sterols, polyphenols, and tannins in most of the tested extracts, with the other classes of secondary metabolites being selectively distributed. Tested extracts showed variable antibacterial activities with MIC values ranging from 64 to 1024 μg/mL. However, some extracts were significantly active against certain bacterial strains: seeds extract of Theobroma cacao (64 μg/mL) against Escherichia coli AG100Atet and Klebsiella pneumoniae K24, and the bark extract of Uapaca guineensis against E. coli ATCC 8739. The leaves extract of T. cacao displayed the best MBC values (256 μg/mL) against E. aerogenes EA27. Some tested extracts included extracts from the leaves of T. cacao and P. vulgaris, and the seeds of D. edulis and barks A. indica has selectively improved (2- to 64-fold) the antibacterial activities of some of the tested antibiotics, chloramphenicol (CHL), tetracycline (TET), kanamycin (KAN), streptomycin (STR), and erythromycin (ERY), against more than 70% of tested MDR bacteria. The findings of this work showed that tested plant extracts and particularly those from T. cacao and Phaseolus vulgaris can be used alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics in the treatment of infections involving multiresistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of a Novel Trisazo Dye from 3-Amino-4H-thieno[3,4-c][1]benzopyran-4-one

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Tsemeugne ◽  
Emmanuel Sopbué Fondjo ◽  
Jean-de-Dieu Tamokou ◽  
Taoufik Rohand ◽  
Arnaud Djintchui Ngongang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Diazonium Ion ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Susceptibility Assay

A new trisazo dye has been synthesized by coupling the diazonium ion of 3-amino-4H thieno[3,4-c][1]benzopyran-4-one with 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol. The newly prepared trisazo dye was characterized by its physical, elemental, and spectroscopic data. 2D-NMR (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) techniques were used to secure the structural assignments. The new trisazo dye (compound 7) along with precursors 3, 4, and 6 was screened by microdilution susceptibility assay for antibacterial and antifungal activities towards eight bacterial strains and three yeasts selected on the basis of their relevance as human pathogens. The results showed that compound 7 (MIC = 2–128 μg/mL) was the most active as compared with its precursors. The most resistant microorganisms were V. cholerae NB2 and V. cholerae SG24, whereas the most sensitive microorganism was C. neoformans. The overall results of this study indicated that compound 7 had the greatest potential value against both yeasts and multidrug-resistant bacteria, so further investigation is warranted.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Psacothea hilaris: De Novo Assembly and Antimicrobial Peptide Prediction

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon Ha Lee ◽  
Hoyong Chung ◽  
Yong Pyo Shin ◽  
In-Woo Kim ◽  
Sathishkumar Natarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Illumina Platform ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Innate Defense

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the frontline innate defense system evolutionarily preserved in insects to combat invading pathogens. These AMPs could serve as an alternative to classical antibiotics to overcome the burden of treating multidrug resistant bacteria. Psacotheasin, a knottin type AMP was isolated from Psacothea hilaris and shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity, especially against fungi through apoptosis mediated cell death. In this study, we aimed to identify novel probable AMPs from Psacothea hilaris, the yellow spotted longicorn beetle. The beetle was immunized with the two bacterial strains (E. coli and S. aureus), and the yeast strain C. albicans. After immunization, total RNA was isolated and sequenced in Illumina platform. Then, beetle transcriptome was de novo assembled and searched for putative AMPs with the known physiochemical features of the AMPs. A selection of AMP candidates were synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activity. Four peptides showed stronger activity against E. coli than the control AMP, melittin while one peptide showed similar activity against S. aureus. Moreover, four peptides and two peptides showed antifungal activity stronger than and similar to melittin, respectively. Collectively one peptide showed both antibacterial and antifungal activity superior to melittin; thus, it provides a potent antimicrobial peptide. All the peptides showed no hemolysis in all the tested concentrations. These results suggest that in silico mining of insects’ transcriptome could be a promising tool to obtain and optimize novel AMPs for human needs.

scholarly journals Multiresistant Bacteria Isolated from Intestinal Faeces of Farm Animals in Austria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Herbert Galler ◽  
Josefa Luxner ◽  
Christian Petternel ◽  
Franz F. Reinthaler ◽  
Juliana Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

In recent years, antibiotic-resistant bacteria with an impact on human health, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-containing Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), have become more common in food. This is due to the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, which leads to the promotion of antibiotic resistance and thus also makes food a source of such resistant bacteria. Most studies dealing with this issue usually focus on the animals or processed food products to examine the antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study investigated the intestine as another main habitat besides the skin for multiresistant bacteria. For this purpose, faeces samples were taken directly from the intestines of swine (n = 71) and broiler (n = 100) during the slaughter process and analysed. All samples were from animals fed in Austria and slaughtered in Austrian slaughterhouses for food production. The samples were examined for the presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, MRSA, MRCoNS and VRE. The resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were detected and sequenced by PCR. Phenotypic ESBL-producing Escherichia coli could be isolated in 10% of broiler casings (10 out of 100) and 43.6% of swine casings (31 out of 71). In line with previous studies, the results of this study showed that CTX-M-1 was the dominant ESBL produced by E. coli from swine (n = 25, 83.3%) and SHV-12 from broilers (n = 13, 81.3%). Overall, the frequency of positive samples with multidrug-resistant bacteria was lower than in most comparable studies focusing on meat products.

scholarly journals In vitro activity of antimicrobial peptide CDP-B11 alone and in combination with colistin against colistin-resistant and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin S. Witherell ◽  
Jason Price ◽  
Ashok D. Bandaranayake ◽  
James Olson ◽  
Douglas R. Call
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Minimal Media

AbstractMultidrug-resistant bacteria are a growing global concern, and with increasingly prevalent resistance to last line antibiotics such as colistin, it is imperative that alternative treatment options are identified. Herein we investigated the mechanism of action of a novel antimicrobial peptide (CDP-B11) and its effectiveness against multidrug-resistant bacteria including Escherichia coli #0346, which harbors multiple antibiotic-resistance genes, including mobilized colistin resistance gene (mcr-1). Bacterial membrane potential and membrane integrity assays, measured by flow cytometry, were used to test membrane disruption. Bacterial growth inhibition assays and time to kill assays measured the effectiveness of CDP-B11 alone and in combination with colistin against E. coli #0346 and other bacteria. Hemolysis assays were used to quantify the hemolytic effects of CDP-B11 alone and in combination with colistin. Findings show CDP-B11 disrupts the outer membrane of E. coli #0346. CDP-B11 with colistin inhibits the growth of E. coli #0346 at ≥ 10× lower colistin concentrations compared to colistin alone in Mueller–Hinton media and M9 media. Growth is significantly inhibited in other clinically relevant strains, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In rich media and minimal media, the drug combination kills bacteria at a lower colistin concentration (1.25 μg/mL) compared to colistin alone (2.5 μg/mL). In minimal media, the combination is bactericidal with killing accelerated by up to 2 h compared to colistin alone. Importantly, no significant red blood hemolysis is evident for CDP-B11 alone or in combination with colistin. The characteristics of CDP-B11 presented here indicate that it can be used as a potential monotherapy or as combination therapy with colistin for the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections, including colistin-resistant infections.

scholarly journals Advances in Antarctic Research for Antimicrobial Discovery: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Bacteria from Antarctic Environments as Potential Sources of Novel Antibiotic Compounds Against Human Pathogens and Microorganisms of Industrial Importance

Antibiotics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kattia Núñez-Montero ◽  
Leticia Barrientos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antarctic Bacteria ◽  
Recent Emergence

The recent emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a critical public health problem. It is also a concern for industries, since multidrug-resistant microorganisms affect the production of many agricultural and food products of economic importance. Therefore, discovering new antibiotics is crucial for controlling pathogens in both clinical and industrial spheres. Most antibiotics have resulted from bioprospecting in natural environments. Today, however, the chances of making novel discoveries of bioactive molecules from various well-known sources have dramatically diminished. Consequently, unexplored and unique environments have become more likely avenues for discovering novel antimicrobial metabolites from bacteria. Due to their extreme polar environment, Antarctic bacteria in particular have been reported as a potential source for new antimicrobial compounds. We conducted a narrative review of the literature about findings relating to the production of antimicrobial compounds by Antarctic bacteria, showing how bacterial adaptation to extreme Antarctic conditions confers the ability to produce these compounds. We highlighted the diversity of antibiotic-producing Antarctic microorganisms, including the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, which has led to the identification of new antibiotic molecules and supports the belief that research on Antarctic bacterial strains has important potential for biotechnology applications, while providing a better understanding of polar ecosystems.

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistant and Extensively Drug Resistant Bacteria: A Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silpi Basak ◽  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Monali Rajurkar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

Background and Objective. Antimicrobial resistance is now a major challenge to clinicians for treating patients. Hence, this short term study was undertaken to detect the incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacterial isolates in a tertiary care hospital.Material and Methods. The clinical samples were cultured and bacterial strains were identified in the department of microbiology. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of different bacterial isolates was studied to detect MDR, XDR, and PDR bacteria.Results. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of 1060 bacterial strains was studied. 393 (37.1%) bacterial strains were MDR, 146 (13.8%) strains were XDR, and no PDR was isolated. All (100%) Gram negative bacterial strains were sensitive to colistin whereas all (100%) Gram positive bacterial strains were sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusion. Close monitoring of MDR, XDR, or even PDR must be done by all clinical microbiology laboratories to implement effective measures to reduce the menace of antimicrobial resistance.

Combination Therapy as a Strategy to control Infections caused by Multiresistant Bacteria. Current Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Hernandez-Rodriguez ◽  
Ludy Pabon Baquero
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Bibliographic Search

: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the main challenges of today's medicine because it has become a global problem that affects the treatment of multiple infections and impacts public health. This resistance is caused because the bacteria have generated selective pressure promoting mechanisms to evade the action of conventional drugs, which are also associated with adverse effects. Infections caused by these multi-resistant bacteria potentially reduce the possibility of effective therapy; this situation increases morbidity and mortality and treatment costs. To establish combined therapy as a strategy for the control of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. A bibliographic search was carried out between 2015 and 2020 in databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct. The exhaustive review of the articles allowed a critical analysis of the information. They have identified the mechanisms for obtaining drugs with antimicrobial potential, their biological activity and the possible effect of their combination against multidrug-resistant bacteria as an alternative for infectious disease control and as a response to reduce the use of antibiotics. Combined therapy is presented as an innovative therapeutic alternative, which uses non-antibiotic substances that can be obtained by three routes: the repositioning of drugs, synthetic substances and natural products. In this way, important elements are provided to guide researches who seek to reduce antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Antibiotyping of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Isolated from Houseflies in a Fish Market

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobur ◽  
Hasan ◽  
Haque ◽  
Mridul ◽  
Noreddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
High Level

Houseflies (Musca domestica) are well-known mechanical vectors for spreading multidrug-resistant bacteria. Fish sold in open markets are exposed to houseflies. The present study investigated the prevalence and antibiotypes of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella spp. in houseflies captured from a fish market. Direct interviews with fish vendors and consumers were also performed to draw their perceptions about the role of flies in spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A total of 60 houseflies were captured from a local fish market in Bangladesh. The presence of Salmonella spp. was confirmed using PCR method. Antibiogram was determined by the disk diffusion method, followed by the detection of tetA, tetB, and qnrA resistance genes by PCR. From the interview, it was found that most of the consumers and vendors were not aware of antibiotic resistance, but reported that flies can carry pathogens. Salmonella spp. were identified from the surface of 34 (56.7%) houseflies, of which 31 (91.2%) were found to be MDR. This study revealed 25 antibiotypes among the isolated Salmonella spp. All tested isolates were found to be resistant to tetracycline. tetA and tetB were detected in 100% and 47.1% of the isolates, respectively. Among the 10 isolates phenotypically found resistant to ciprofloxacin, six (60%) were found to be positive for qnrA gene. As far as we know, this is the first study from Bangladesh to report and describe the molecular detection of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. in houseflies in a fish market facility. The occurrence of a high level of MDR Salmonella in houseflies in the fish market is of great public health concerns.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance of DiarrheagenicEscherichia coli Isolated from Children under the Age of 5 Years from Ifakara, Tanzania

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 3022-3024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Vila ◽  
Martha Vargas ◽  
Climent Casals ◽  
Honorato Urassa ◽  
Hassan Mshinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance ◽  
Children Under 5

ABSTRACT Diarrhea caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria is an important public health problem among children in developing countries. The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of diarrheagenicEscherichia coli in 346 children under 5 years of age in Ifakara, Tanzania, were studied. Thirty-eight percent of the cases of diarrhea were due to multiresistant enterotoxigenic E. coli, enteroaggregative E. coli, or enteropathogenicE. coli. Strains of all three E. colicategories showed high-level resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole, and chloramphenicol but were highly susceptible to quinolones. Guidelines for appropriate use of antibiotics in developing countries need updating.

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