scholarly journals A Pilot Study of Chicago Waterways as Reservoirs of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDR-Ent) in a High-Risk Region for Community-Acquired MDR-Ent Infection in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Latania K. Logan ◽  
Liqing Zhang ◽  
Stefan J. Green ◽  
Samuel Dorevitch ◽  
Gustavo A. Arango-Argoty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Community-acquired multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDR-Ent) infections continue to increase in the United States. In prior studies, we identified neighboring regions in Chicago, Illinois, where children have 5 to 6 times greater odds of MDR-Ent infections. To prevent community spread of MDR-Ent, we need to identify the MDR-Ent reservoirs. A pilot study of 4 Chicago waterways for MDR-Ent and associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was conducted. Three waterways (A1 to A3) are labeled safe for “incidental contact recreation” (e.g., kayaking), and A4 is a nonrecreational waterway that carries nondisinfected water. Surface water samples were collected and processed for standard bacterial culture and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Generally, A3 and A4 (neighboring waterways which are not hydraulically connected) were strikingly similar in bacterial taxa, ARG profiles, and abundances of corresponding clades and genera within the Enterobacteriaceae. Additionally, total ARG abundances recovered from the full microbial community were strongly correlated between A3 and A4 (R2 = 0.97). Escherichia coli numbers (per 100 ml water) were highest in A4 (783 most probable number [MPN]) and A3 (200 MPN) relative to A2 (84 MPN) and A1 (32 MPN). We found concerning ARGs in Enterobacteriaceae such as MCR-1 (colistin), Qnr and OqxA/B (quinolones), CTX-M, OXA and ACT/MIR (beta-lactams), and AAC (aminoglycosides). We found significant correlations in microbial community composition between nearby waterways that are not hydraulically connected, suggesting cross-seeding and the potential for mobility of ARGs. Enterobacteriaceae and ARG profiles support the hypothesized concerns that recreational waterways are a potential source of community-acquired MDR-Ent.

scholarly journals Distribution and Characterization of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Irrigation Ponds in the Southeastern United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (13) ◽  
pp. 4376-4387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyao Luo ◽  
Ganyu Gu ◽  
Amber Ginn ◽  
Mihai C. Giurcanu ◽  
Paige Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Produce Contamination ◽  
Southern Georgia

ABSTRACTIrrigation water has been implicated as a likely source of produce contamination bySalmonella enterica. Therefore, the distribution ofS. entericawas surveyed monthly in irrigation ponds (n= 10) located within a prime agricultural region in southern Georgia and northern Florida. All ponds and 28.2% of all samples (n= 635) were positive forSalmonella, with an overall geometric mean concentration (0.26 most probable number [MPN]/liter) that was relatively low compared to prior reports for rivers in this region.Salmonellapeaks were seasonal; the levels correlated with increased temperature and rainfall (P< 0.05). The numbers and occurrence were significantly higher in water (0.32 MPN/liter and 37% of samples) than in sediment (0.22 MPN/liter and 17% of samples) but did not vary with depth. Representative isolates (n= 185) from different ponds, sample types, and seasons were examined for resistance to 15 different antibiotics; most strains were resistant to streptomycin (98.9%), while 20% were multidrug resistant (MDR) for 2 to 6 antibiotics. DiversiLab repetitive extragenic palindromic-element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) revealed genetic diversity and showed 43 genotypes among 191 isolates, as defined by >95% similarity. The genotypes did not partition by pond, season, or sample type. Genetic similarity to known serotypes indicated Hadar, Montevideo, and Newport as the most prevalent. All ponds achieved the current safety standards for genericEscherichia coliin agricultural water, and regression modeling showed that theE. colilevel was a significant predictor for the probability ofSalmonellaoccurrence. However, persistent populations ofSalmonellawere widely distributed in irrigation ponds, and the associated risks for produce contamination and subsequent human exposure are unknown, supporting continued surveillance of this pathogen in agricultural settings.

scholarly journals Effects of Intertidal Harvest Practices on Levels of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus Bacteria in Oysters

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (15) ◽  
pp. 4517-4522 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jones ◽  
T. P. Kinsey ◽  
L. W. Johnson ◽  
R. Porso ◽  
B. Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Handling Practices

ABSTRACTVibrio parahaemolyticusandVibrio vulnificuscan grow rapidly in shellfish subjected to ambient air conditions, such as during intertidal exposure. In this study, levels of total and pathogenic (tdh+and/ortrh+)V. parahaemolyticusand totalV. vulnificuswere determined in oysters collected from two study locations where intertidal harvest practices are common. Samples were collected directly off intertidal flats, after exposure (ambient air [Washington State] or refrigerated [New Jersey]), and after reimmersion by natural tidal cycles. Samples were processed using a most-probable-number (MPN) real-time PCR method for total and pathogenicV. parahaemolyticusorV. vulnificus. In Washington State, the mean levels ofV. parahaemolyticusincreased 1.38 log MPN/g following intertidal exposure and dropped 1.41 log MPN/g after reimmersion for 1 day, but the levels were dependent upon the container type utilized. PathogenicV. parahaemolyticuslevels followed a similar trend. However,V. vulnificuslevels increased 0.10 log MPN/g during intertidal exposure in Washington but decreased by >1 log MPN/g after reimmersion. In New Jersey, initial levels of all vibrios studied were not significantly altered during the refrigerated sorting and containerizing process. However, there was an increase in levels after the first day of reimmersion by 0.79, 0.72, 0.92, and 0.71 log MPN/g for total,tdh+andtrh+V. parahaemolyticus, andV. vulnificus, respectively. The levels of all targets decreased to those similar to background after a second day of reimmersion. These data indicate that the intertidal harvest and handling practices for oysters that were studied in Washington and New Jersey do not increase the risk of illness fromV. parahaemolyticusorV. vulnificus.IMPORTANCEVibrio parahaemolyticusandVibrio vulnificusare the leading causes of seafood-associated infectious morbidity and mortality in the United States.Vibriospp. can grow rapidly in shellfish subjected to ambient air conditions, such as during periods of intertidal exposure. When oysters are submersed with the incoming tide, the vibrios can be purged. However, data on the rates of increase and purging during intertidal harvest are scarce, which limits the accuracy of risk assessments. The objective of this study was to help fill these data gaps by determining the levels of total and pathogenic (tdh+and/ortrh+)V. parahaemolyticusandV. vulnificusin oysters from two locations where intertidal harvest practices are common, using the current industry practices. The data generated provide insight into the responses ofVibriospp. to relevant practices of the industry and public health, which can be incorporated into risk management decisions.

scholarly journals Abundance of Vibrio cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus in Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and Clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) from Long Island Sound

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (24) ◽  
pp. 7667-7672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Jones ◽  
Catharina H. M. Lüdeke ◽  
John C. Bowers ◽  
Kristin DeRosia-Banick ◽  
David H. Carey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Long Island ◽  
Long Island Sound ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Island Sound

ABSTRACTVibriosis is a leading cause of seafood-associated morbidity and mortality in the United States. Typically associated with consumption of raw or undercooked oysters, vibriosis associated with clam consumption is increasingly being reported. However, little is known about the prevalence ofVibriospp. in clams. The objective of this study was to compare the levels ofVibrio cholerae,Vibrio vulnificus, andVibrio parahaemolyticusin oysters and clams harvested concurrently from Long Island Sound (LIS). Most probable number (MPN)–real-time PCR methods were used for enumeration of totalV. cholerae,V. vulnificus,V. parahaemolyticus, and pathogenic (tdh+and/ortrh+)V. parahaemolyticus.V. choleraewas detected in 8.8% and 3.3% of oyster (n= 68) and clam (n= 30) samples, with levels up to 1.48 and 0.48 log MPN/g in oysters and clams, respectively.V. vulnificuswas detected in 97% and 90% of oyster and clam samples, with median levels of 0.97 and −0.08 log MPN/g, respectively.V. parahaemolyticuswas detected in all samples, with median levels of 1.88 and 1.07 log MPN/g for oysters and clams, respectively. The differences betweenV. vulnificusand total and pathogenicV. parahaemolyticuslevels in the two shellfish species were statistically significant (P< 0.001). These data indicate thatV. vulnificusand total and pathogenicV. parahaemolyticusare more prevalent and are present at higher levels in oysters than in hard clams. Additionally, the data suggest differences in vibrio populations between shellfish harvested from different growing area waters within LIS. These results can be used to evaluate and refine illness mitigation strategies employed by risk managers and shellfish control authorities.

scholarly journals Genetic Markers for Rapid PCR-Based Identification of Gull, Canada Goose, Duck, and Chicken Fecal Contamination in Water

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyatt C. Green ◽  
Linda K. Dick ◽  
Brent Gilpin ◽  
Mansour Samadpour ◽  
Katharine G. Field
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Content Type ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Pcr Assays

ABSTRACTAvian feces contaminate waterways but contribute fewer human pathogens than human sources. Rapid identification and quantification of avian contamination would therefore be useful to prevent overestimation of human health risk. We used subtractive hybridization of PCR-amplified gull fecal 16S RNA genes to identify avian-specific fecal rRNA gene sequences. The subtracters were rRNA genes amplified from human, dog, cat, cow, and pig feces. Recovered sequences were related toEnterobacteriaceae(47%),Helicobacter(26%),Catellicoccus(11%),Fusobacterium(11%), andCampylobacter(5%). Three PCR assays, designated GFB, GFC, and GFD, were based on recovered sequence fragments. Quantitative PCR assays for GFC and GFD were developed using SYBR green. GFC detected down to 0.1 mg gull feces/100 ml (corresponding to 2 gull enterococci most probable number [MPN]/100 ml). GFD detected down to 0.1 mg chicken feces/100 ml (corresponding to 13Escherichia coliMPN/100 ml). GFB and GFC were 97% and 94% specific to gulls, respectively. GFC cross-reacted with 35% of sheep samples but occurred at about 100,000 times lower concentrations in sheep. GFD was 100% avian specific and occurred in gulls, geese, chickens, and ducks. In the United States, Canada, and New Zealand, the three markers differed in their geographic distributions but were found across the range tested. These assays detected four important bird groups contributing to fecal contamination of waterways: gulls, geese, ducks, and chickens. Marker distributions across North America and in New Zealand suggest that they will have broad applicability in other parts of the world as well.

Microbial Community Analysis inside a Biooxidation Heap for Gold Recovery in Equador

2017 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos L. Aspiazu ◽  
Paulina Aguirre ◽  
Sabrina Hedrich ◽  
Axel Schippers
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Gold Recovery ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Cell Counts

In a mine owned by the company Orenas S.A. (Equador), a biooxidation process for gold recovery has been developed. Refractory gold ore was crushed, milled and 500 ton of flotation concentrate was agglomerated by coating a support rock. This was piled up on a liner and the biooxidation process in the heap of 35x25x6 m3 was run for approximately 150 days. The oxidized material was subsequently removed for further processing. An outcrop allowed for depth dependent sampling of altogether 36 samples at three sites over the complete depth of 6 m. The fine fraction was removed from the host rock and sent to the laboratory for analysis of the microbial community. The pH ranged between 2.2 and 2.9. Total cell counts determined via counting under a fluorescence microscope after SYBR Green staining indicated a high microbial colonialization of the heap in all depths between 106 to 109 cells per g concentrate, however the highest cell numbers were mainly found in the upper 50 cm. Most-probable-number determination of living, acidophilic iron (II)-oxidizers for one site also revealed a decrease of cell numbers with depth (between 104 to 108 cells per g concentrate). Further molecular analyses of the community composition based on extracted DNA and 16S rRNA gene analyses by TRFLP and qPCR revealed a complex archaeal and bacterial community within the heap. It can be stated that an active community of acidophiles runs the biooxidation process in all sampled parts of the heap.

scholarly journals Environmental Spread of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-1-Producing Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Aminul Islam ◽  
Moydul Islam ◽  
Rashedul Hasan ◽  
M. Iqbal Hossain ◽  
Ashikun Nabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wastewater Samples

ABSTRACT Resistance to carbapenem antibiotics through the production of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) constitutes an emerging challenge in the treatment of bacterial infections. To monitor the possible source of the spread of these organisms in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we conducted a comparative analysis of wastewater samples from hospital-adjacent areas (HAR) and from community areas (COM), as well as public tap water samples, for the occurrence and characteristics of NDM-1-producing bacteria. Of 72 HAR samples tested, 51 (71%) samples were positive for NDM-1-producing bacteria, as evidenced by phenotypic tests and the presence of the bla NDM-1 gene, compared to 5 of 41 (12.1%) samples from COM samples (P < 0.001). All tap water samples were negative for NDM-1-producing bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae (44%) was the predominant bacterial species among bla NDM-1-positive isolates, followed by Escherichia coli (29%), Acinetobacter spp. (15%), and Enterobacter spp. (9%). These bacteria were also positive for one or more other antibiotic resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-1 (80%), bla CTX-M-15 (63%), bla TEM (76%), bla SHV (33%), bla CMY-2 (16%), bla OXA-48-like (2%), bla OXA-1 (53%), and bla OXA-47-like (60%) genes. Around 40% of the isolates contained a qnr gene, while 50% had 16S rRNA methylase genes. The majority of isolates hosted multiple plasmids, and plasmids of 30 to 50 MDa carrying bla NDM-1 were self-transmissible. Our results highlight a number of issues related to the characteristics and source of spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria as a potential public health threat. In view of the existing practice of discharging untreated liquid waste into the environment, hospitals in Dhaka city contribute to the potential dissemination of NDM-1-producing bacteria into the community. IMPORTANCE Infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae are extremely difficult to manage due to their marked resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. NDM-1 is the most recently described carbapenemase, and the bla NDM-1 gene, which encodes NDM-1, is located on self-transmissible plasmids that also carry a considerable number of other antibiotic resistance genes. The present study shows a high prevalence of NDM-1-producing organisms in the wastewater samples from hospital-adjacent areas as a potential source for the spread of these organisms to community areas in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study also examines the characteristics of the isolates and their potential to horizontally transmit the resistance determinants. The significance of our research is in identifying the mode of spread of multiple-antibiotic-resistant organisms, which will allow the development of containment measures, leading to broader impacts in reducing their spread to the community.

scholarly journals CRISPR-Cas and Restriction-Modification Act Additively against Conjugative Antibiotic Resistance Plasmid Transfer in Enterococcus faecalis

mSphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie J. Price ◽  
Wenwen Huo ◽  
Ardalan Sharifi ◽  
Kelli L. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Restriction Modification

ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecalis is a bacterium that normally inhabits the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other animals. Although these bacteria are members of our native gut flora, they can cause life-threatening infections in hospitalized patients. Antibiotic resistance genes appear to be readily shared among high-risk E. faecalis strains, and multidrug resistance in these bacteria limits treatment options for infections. Here, we find that CRISPR-Cas and restriction-modification systems, which function as adaptive and innate immune systems in bacteria, significantly impact the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in E. faecalis populations. The loss of these systems in high-risk E. faecalis suggests that they are immunocompromised, a tradeoff that allows them to readily acquire new genes and adapt to new antibiotics. Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen and a leading cause of nosocomial infections. Conjugative pheromone-responsive plasmids are narrow-host-range mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that are rapid disseminators of antibiotic resistance in the faecalis species. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas and restriction-modification confer acquired and innate immunity, respectively, against MGE acquisition in bacteria. Most multidrug-resistant E. faecalis isolates lack CRISPR-Cas and possess an orphan locus lacking cas genes, CRISPR2, that is of unknown function. Little is known about restriction-modification defense in E. faecalis. Here, we explore the hypothesis that multidrug-resistant E. faecalis strains are immunocompromised. We assessed MGE acquisition by E. faecalis T11, a strain closely related to the multidrug-resistant hospital isolate V583 but which lacks the ~620 kb of horizontally acquired genome content that characterizes V583. T11 possesses the E. faecalis CRISPR3-cas locus and a predicted restriction-modification system, neither of which occurs in V583. We demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas and restriction-modification together confer a 4-log reduction in acquisition of the pheromone-responsive plasmid pAM714 in biofilm matings. Additionally, we show that the orphan CRISPR2 locus is functional for genome defense against another pheromone-responsive plasmid, pCF10, only in the presence of cas9 derived from the E. faecalis CRISPR1-cas locus, which most multidrug-resistant E. faecalis isolates lack. Overall, our work demonstrated that the loss of only two loci led to a dramatic reduction in genome defense against a clinically relevant MGE, highlighting the critical importance of the E. faecalis accessory genome in modulating horizontal gene transfer. Our results rationalize the development of antimicrobial strategies that capitalize upon the immunocompromised status of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis. IMPORTANCE Enterococcus faecalis is a bacterium that normally inhabits the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other animals. Although these bacteria are members of our native gut flora, they can cause life-threatening infections in hospitalized patients. Antibiotic resistance genes appear to be readily shared among high-risk E. faecalis strains, and multidrug resistance in these bacteria limits treatment options for infections. Here, we find that CRISPR-Cas and restriction-modification systems, which function as adaptive and innate immune systems in bacteria, significantly impact the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in E. faecalis populations. The loss of these systems in high-risk E. faecalis suggests that they are immunocompromised, a tradeoff that allows them to readily acquire new genes and adapt to new antibiotics.

scholarly journals Compared the Microbiota Profiles between Samples from Bronchoalveolar Lavage and Endotracheal Aspirates in Severe Pneumonia: A Real-World Experience

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Yeong-Nan Cheng ◽  
Wei-Chih Huang ◽  
Chen-Yu Wang ◽  
Pin-Kuei Fu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Onset

Lower respiratory tract sampling from endotracheal aspirate (EA) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are both common methods to identify pathogens in severe pneumonia. However, the difference between these two methods in microbiota profiles remains unclear. We compared the microbiota profiles of pairwise EA and BAL samples in ICU patients with respiratory failure due to severe pneumonia. We prospectively enrolled 50 ICU patients with new onset of pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation. EA and BAL were performed on the first ICU day, and samples were analyzed for microbial community composition via 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing. Pathogens were identified in culture medium from BAL samples in 21 (42%) out of 50 patients. No difference was observed in the antibiotic prescription pattern, ICU mortality, or hospital mortality between BAL-positive and BAL-negative patients. The microbiota profiles in the EA and BAL samples are similar with respect to diversity, microbial composition, and microbial community correlations. The antibiotic treatment regimen was rarely changed based on the BAL findings. The samples from BAL did not provide more information than EA in the microbiota profiles. We suggest that EA is more useful than BAL for microbiome identification in mechanically ventilated patients.

scholarly journals Long-Term Study of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Prevalence and Distribution in New Zealand Shellfish

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 2320-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Cruz ◽  
D. Hedderley ◽  
G. C. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Food Borne

ABSTRACTThe food-borne pathogenVibrio parahaemolyticushas been reported as being present in New Zealand (NZ) seawaters, but there have been no reported outbreaks of food-borne infection from commercially grown NZ seafood. Our study determined the current incidence ofV. parahaemolyticusin NZ oysters and Greenshell mussels and the prevalence ofV. parahaemolyticustdhandtrhstrains. Pacific (235) and dredge (21) oyster samples and mussel samples (55) were obtained from commercial shellfish-growing areas between December 2009 and June 2012. TotalV. parahaemolyticusnumbers and the presence of pathogenic genestdhandtrhwere determined using the FDA most-probable-number (MPN) method and confirmed using PCR analysis. In samples from the North Island of NZ,V. parahaemolyticuswas detected in 81% of Pacific oysters and 34% of mussel samples, while the numbers ofV. parahaemolyticustdhandtrhstrains were low, with just 3/215 Pacific oyster samples carrying thetdhgene.V. parahaemolyticusorganisms carryingtdhandtrhwere not detected in South Island samples, andV. parahaemolyticuswas detected in just 1/21 dredge oyster and 2/16 mussel samples. Numbers ofV. parahaemolyticusorganisms increased when seawater temperatures were high, the season when most commercial shellfish-growing areas are not harvested. The numbers ofV. parahaemolyticusorganisms in samples exceeded 1,000 MPN/g only when the seawater temperatures exceeded 19°C, so this environmental parameter could be used as a trigger warning of potential hazard. There is some evidence that the totalV. parahaemolyticusnumbers increased compared with those reported from a previous 1981 to 1984 study, but the analytical methods differed significantly.

scholarly journals The effects of offshore petroleum exploitation on microbial community and antibiotic resistome of adjacent marine sediments

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 2501-2510
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jiti Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Transporter ◽  
Class I Integrons ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Offshore Petroleum

Abstract The exploitation of petroleum in offshore areas is becoming more prosperous due to the increasing human demand for oil. However, the effects of offshore petroleum exploitation on the microbial community in the surrounding environment are still not adequately understood. In the present study, variations in the composition, function, and antibiotic resistance of the microbial community in marine sediments adjacent to an offshore petroleum exploitation platform were analyzed by a metagenomics-based method. Significant shifts in the microbial community composition were observed in sediments impacted by offshore petroleum exploitation. Nitrosopumilales was enriched in marine sediments with the activities of offshore petroleum exploitation compared to the control sediments. The abundances of function genes involved in carbon, butanoate, methane, and fatty acid metabolism in sediment microbial communities also increased due to the offshore petroleum exploitation. Offshore petroleum exploitation resulted in the propagation of some antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including a multidrug transporter, smeE, and arnA, in marine sediments via horizontal gene transfer mediated by class I integrons. However, the total abundance and diversity of ARGs in marine sediments were not significantly affected by offshore petroleum exploitation. This study is the first attempt to analyze the impact of offshore petroleum exploitation on the spread of antibiotic resistance.

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