scholarly journals Breeding Strategy To Generate Robust Yeast Starter Cultures for Cocoa Pulp Fermentations

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (18) ◽  
pp. 6166-6176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Meersman ◽  
Jan Steensels ◽  
Tinneke Paulus ◽  
Nore Struyf ◽  
Veerle Saels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starter Culture ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fermentation Capacity ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentations

ABSTRACTCocoa pulp fermentation is a spontaneous process during which the natural microbiota present at cocoa farms is allowed to ferment the pulp surrounding cocoa beans. Because such spontaneous fermentations are inconsistent and contribute to product variability, there is growing interest in a microbial starter culture that could be used to inoculate cocoa pulp fermentations. Previous studies have revealed that many different fungi are recovered from different batches of spontaneous cocoa pulp fermentations, whereas the variation in the prokaryotic microbiome is much more limited. In this study, therefore, we aimed to develop a suitable yeast starter culture that is able to outcompete wild contaminants and consistently produce high-quality chocolate. Starting from specifically selectedSaccharomyces cerevisiaestrains, we developed robust hybrids with characteristics that allow them to efficiently ferment cocoa pulp, including improved temperature tolerance and fermentation capacity. We conducted several laboratory and field trials to show that these new hybrids often outperform their parental strains and are able to dominate spontaneous pilot scale fermentations, which results in much more consistent microbial profiles. Moreover, analysis of the resulting chocolate showed that some of the cocoa batches that were fermented with specific starter cultures yielded superior chocolate. Taken together, these results describe the development of robust yeast starter cultures for cocoa pulp fermentations that can contribute to improving the consistency and quality of commercial chocolate production.

Optimizing the selection process of yeast starter cultures by preselecting strains dominating spontaneous fermentations

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pulvirenti ◽  
Sandra Rainieri ◽  
Silvio Boveri ◽  
Paolo Giudici
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentations ◽  
Wine Strain ◽  
Selection Of

We propose an efficient and time-saving strategy for starter culture selection. Our approach is based on the accomplishment of 3 phases: (i) the selection of yeast strains dominating spontaneous fermentations, (ii) the selection among the dominant strains of those showing the best technological characteristics, and (iii) the final selection among good technological strains of those showing the desired qualitative traits. We applied this approach to wine fermentations, even though the same strategy has the potential to be employed for the selection of any type of starter culture. We isolated and identified yeast strains at the mid- and final stages of 6 spontaneous fermentations carried out in 3 different Spanish wineries. We identified all strains as Saccharomyces cerevisiae by restriction fragment length polymorphism of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region, and subsequently distinguished each strain by analyzing the polymorphism of the inter-δ regions. Strains that were detected both at the mid- and final stages of the fermentation were considered dominant. Four dominant strains were finally selected and tested in pilot-scale fermentation, and their performance was compared with that of a commercial wine strain. All dominant strains showed good fitness and resulted suitable to be employed as starter cultures. One of the dominant strains isolated in this study is currently commercialized.

Effects of mixed starters on quality attributes of probiotic yogurt using statistical design approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Ghasempour ◽  
Ehsan Moghaddas Kia ◽  
Sahel Golbandi ◽  
Ali Ehsani
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Probiotic Yogurt

Purpose The quality of probiotic yogurt which is remarked as a healthy, therapeutic and nutritious food product strongly depends on starter types and their compositions; however, the choice of starter culture affects the taste, aroma and quality of the final product. Through this study, to obtain favorable quality attributes of probiotic yogurt, a mixture of two thermophilic/mesophilic starter cultures (YC- 350/YC- X16) was applied for fermentation. Design/methodology/approach The effects of starter mixture, probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei and storage time on quality indices, such as apparent viscosity, water holding capacity, syneresis, post acidification rate and probiotic viability (L. paracasei), were assessed through using a combined (mixture-process) statistical design. Findings The results revealed that changes in viscosity and syneresis depend on the amount of YC- X16. Acidification rate was more pronounced at higher levels of YC- 350 (1.22 per cent) in comparison to that in YC-X16 (1.08 per cent) during storage time. With respect to probiotic viability, L. paracasei count was more than 107 cfu/mL during refrigerated storage time. Moreover, a promotive effect of YC- 350 on L. paracasei proliferation was observed in this study. Originality/value The favorable yogurt, from qualitative aspects, was manufactured at 75:25 per cent ratio of YC- X16:YC- 350 in probiotic type yogurts. Therefore, the use of mixed starter cultures developed textural properties of probiotic yogurt beside L. paracasei survival.

scholarly journals The impact of the partial replacement of sodium chloride in the development of starter cultures during Italian salami production

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Fieira ◽  
João Francisco Marchi ◽  
Daiana Marafão ◽  
Alexandre da Trindade Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Cured Meat ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Italian salami is a cured meat with high sodium contents which is easy, fast and convenient to consume. Starter cultures are used to improve its sensory characteristics and refine its technological manufacturing process. The goal of this study was to reduce the sodium content in Italian salami through the partial replacement of sodium chloride by potassium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, and evaluate the viability of the Lactobacillus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. cells found in the starter culture. Four formulations were elaborated: one with, and one without the starter culture, but both with the addition of sodium chloride; and two with the partial replacement of 60% of the sodium chloride: the first with KCl, and the other with a mixture of KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2. Physicochemical and microbiological evaluations were carried out to monitor the ripening and the quality of the final product. The partial replacement of NaCl by other salts (MgCl2, CaCl2, KCl) did not interfere in the growth of the starter culture in the Italian salami, neither did it affect the majority of the physicochemical parameters of the Italian salami nor the microbiological quality of the final product.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study of the Impacts of Oat β-Glucan and Bacterial Curdlan on the Activity of Commercial Starter Culture in Yogurt

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5411
Author(s):  
Marek Aljewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Majcher ◽  
Beata Nalepa
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lactic Acid Content ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
Addition Level ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This study provides important information about the impacts of various levels of oat (OBG) and bacterial (curdlan) β-glucan and fat contents in milk on survivability and metabolism of yogurt starter cultures. The results show that addition of β-glucans in the concentration higher than 0.25% reduced starter bacterial counts during storage and prolonged the milk acidification process. A significant increase in lactose consumption by starter cultures was noted in the yogurt samples with OBG addition up to 0.75%. The highest (by 567% on average) increase in lactic acid content was noted in the control yogurts. Whereas the lowest (by 351%) increase in lactic acid content was noted in yogurts with OBG. After 28-day storage, the acetic aldehyde content was significantly influenced by fat content, type and addition level of polysaccharide. A higher increase in acetoin content was noted in samples with 0.25% than in samples with 1% of polysaccharides. In turn, significantly lower increases in diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione contents were observed in the yogurt samples with OBG than in these with curdlan, with diacetyl production increase along with the higher concentration of the polysaccharide. The addition of OBG and curdlan to milk contributed to differences in the starter culture metabolism, consequently, in the milk acidification dynamics.

EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGY OF RYE-WHEAT BREAD FROM FROZEN SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS OF A HIGH DEGREE OF READINESS FOR PREVENTIVE NUTRITION USING GRAIN FILLINGS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.О. ЛОКТИОНОВА ◽  
Е.М. МАРКИН ◽  
Н.В. ЛАБУТИНА ◽  
Э.О. ГЕРАСИМОВА
Keyword(s):  
Starter Culture ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Разработана технология ржано-пшеничного хлеба из замороженных полуфабрикатов высокой степени готовности профилактического назначения с использованием зерновой закваски. Для приготовлении закваски зерно пшеницы проращивали в течение 12–13 ч при температуре 23–25°С; затем к измельченной зерновой массе добавляли воду в соотношении 1 : 1 и растворы ферментных препаратов ксиланазного действия. Полученную смесь выдерживали 2 ч при температуре 40°С. Тесто готовили с использованием густой ржаной закваски, а также зерновых заквасок при соотношении 60 : 40 ржаной обдирной и пшеничной муки первого сорта соответственно. Выпеченные полуфабрикаты охлаждали в естественных условиях, упаковывали и помещали в морозильную камеру при температуре –27°С. После размораживания производили допекание изделия до 100%-й готовности. Анализ физико-химических показателей качества ржано-пшеничного хлеба, приготовленного из замороженных полуфабрикатов, показал, что использование зерновых заквасок улучшает качество готового хлеба и сохраняет его основные показатели после криохранения. Удельный объем образцов хлеба на закваске густой ржаной/зерновой, см3/г: 2,2/2,4; влажность, %: 44,5/44,0; кислотность, град.: 4,4/3,8; пористость, %: 64/60; общая деформация, мм: 3,0/3,3 соответственно. The technology of rye-wheat bread from frozen semi-finished products of high readiness for preventive purposes using grain starter culture has been developed. To prepare the starter culture, wheat grain was sprouted for 12–13 hours at a temperature of 23–25°C; then water was added to the crushed grain mass in a ratio of 1 : 1 and solutions of xylanase-acting enzyme preparations. The resulting mixture was kept for 2 hours at a temperature of 40°C. The dough was prepared using a thick rye sourdough, as well as grain starter cultures at a ratio of 60 : 40 rye skinned and wheat flour of the first grade, respectively. Baked semi-finished products were cooled in natural conditions, Packed and placed in a freezer at a temperature of –27°C. After defrosting, the product was baked to 100% readiness. Analysis of physical and chemical quality indicators of rye-wheat bread made from frozen semi-finished products showed that the use of grain starter cultures improves the quality of finished bread and preserves its main indicators after cryopreservation. Specific volume of bread samples on sourdough thick rye/grain, cm3/g: 2,2/2,4; humidity, %: 44,5/44,0; degree of acidity 4,4/3,8; porosity, %: 64/60; total deformation, mm: 3,0/3,3 respectively.

scholarly journals A Large Set of Newly Created Interspecific Saccharomyces Hybrids Increases Aromatic Diversity in Lager Beers

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (23) ◽  
pp. 8202-8214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stijn Mertens ◽  
Jan Steensels ◽  
Veerle Saels ◽  
Gert De Rouck ◽  
Guido Aerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Lager Yeast ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Attenuation ◽  
Saccharomyces Pastorianus ◽  
Lager Beer

ABSTRACTLager beer is the most consumed alcoholic beverage in the world. Its production process is marked by a fermentation conducted at low (8 to 15°C) temperatures and by the use ofSaccharomyces pastorianus, an interspecific hybrid betweenSaccharomyces cerevisiaeand the cold-tolerantSaccharomyces eubayanus. Recent whole-genome-sequencing efforts revealed that the currently available lager yeasts belong to one of only two archetypes, “Saaz” and “Frohberg.” This limited genetic variation likely reflects that all lager yeasts descend from only two separate interspecific hybridization events, which may also explain the relatively limited aromatic diversity between the available lager beer yeasts compared to, for example, wine and ale beer yeasts. In this study, 31 novel interspecific yeast hybrids were developed, resulting from large-scale robot-assisted selection and breeding between carefully selected strains ofS. cerevisiae(six strains) andS. eubayanus(two strains). Interestingly, many of the resulting hybrids showed a broader temperature tolerance than their parental strains and referenceS. pastorianusyeasts. Moreover, they combined a high fermentation capacity with a desirable aroma profile in laboratory-scale lager beer fermentations, thereby successfully enriching the currently available lager yeast biodiversity. Pilot-scale trials further confirmed the industrial potential of these hybrids and identified one strain, hybrid H29, which combines a fast fermentation, high attenuation, and the production of a complex, desirable fruity aroma.

Bacterial starter cultures induce suitable changes in milk fatty acid profiles at different fermentation conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Bahrami ◽  
Ali Mostafaie ◽  
Amir Kiani ◽  
Maryam Chalabi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sour Cream

Abstract This study aimed to compare the effect of different ratios of Streptococcus thermophilus to Lactobacillus bulgaricus (3 : 1, 1 : 1, and 1 : 3) under the various stressful temperatures (37 and 45°C) on the fatty acid profiles quality of Kermanshahi roghan (yogurt by-product) and sour cream to obtain a formula for producing a kind of animal fat healthier than milk and cream. Stresses such as fermentation play an important role in bacterial behavior and consequently in food quality. Our findings presented a significant difference between roghan and sour cream fatty acid levels only at 37°C. Furthermore, starter culture 3 : 1 was the best starter for producing products with a higher quality of fatty acid profile at 37°C, and a 1 : 1 S. thermophilus to L. bulgaricus ratio was optimal at 45°C. It seems that bacteria adapt to harsh growth conditions by changing the fatty acid profiles, and these changes warrant consideration in the production of a kind of animal fat with the best fatty acid profiles. In conclusion, the roghan fatty acid profile is more suitable than sour cream only at 37°C.

scholarly journals Metabolomics-Based Study of the Effect of Raw Materials to the End Product of Tempe—An Indonesian Fermented Soybean

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Adinda Darwati Kadar ◽  
Made Astawan ◽  
Sastia Prama Putri ◽  
Eiichiro Fukusaki
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fermented Soybean ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Soybean Food

Tempe is a fermented soybean food from Indonesia, made by inoculating Rhizopus spp. onto cooked and dehulled soybean. Tempe has been a part of Indonesian culture since the 16th century and is now produced globally as a highly nutritious plant-based food. Despite a longstanding history on the production of tempe, very few studies have been reported to understand the effect of raw material to the end product metabolite composition. In this research, we applied GC/MS-based metabolite profiling to investigate the effect of various possible factors that might affect the final product (environmental factors, raw materials, and starter cultures). Representative samples were tempe produced by Indonesian industries, Japanese industries as well as laboratory made tempe. The results showed that both environmental factors and raw materials (soybean, water, and starter culture) contributed to the tempe metabolite profile. Here we found the possibility that starter cultures might play a greater role to determine the metabolite profiles compared to other tested factors. This research might provide useful insights for the larger scale industries to maintain the quality of tempe for the benefit of the consumers.

scholarly journals Biotechnological Approach Based on Selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae Starters for Reducing the Use of Sulfur Dioxide in Wine

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Capece ◽  
Rocchina Pietrafesa ◽  
Gabriella Siesto ◽  
Patrizia Romano
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Biotechnological Approach ◽  
Current Concern

Sulfites are considered the main additives in winemaking for their antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-oxidasic activities. The current concern about the potential negative effects of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on consumer health has focused the interest on replacing or reducing SO2 use. Our work aims to develop a strategy based on the use of selected starter culture, able to perform wine fermentation without SO2 addition. Four selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae indigenous strains were tested as mixed starter cultures in laboratory scale fermentations. The starter culture, characterized by a similar percentage of dominance of both strains composing the mixed starter and able to produce a wine characterized by the best combination of chemical and aromatic characteristics, was chosen. This mixed culture was tested as a starter at pilot scale with and without SO2 addition, by using a higher inoculum level in the vinification without SO2. The selected starter confirmed higher dominance ability in vinification without SO2 addition than in SO2-added fermentation, demonstrating that sulfite addition is not a guarantee to reach an absolute dominance of starter culture on indigenous microflora. The proposed biotechnological tool allowed to produce good quality wines possessing also “functional properties”, as NO-SO2 added wines were characterized by high polyphenol content and antioxidant activity.

Use of Starter Cultures in Meats

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 997-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES L. SMITH ◽  
SAMUEL A. PALUMBO
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Safety Aspects ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Culture Characteristics

Use of starter cultures in meat products is reviewed, with emphasis on the types of microorganisms employed for production of various products, and the effect of starter cultures on food safety. Desirable starter culture characteristics are identified, and the effect of fermentation on the nutritive quality of meats is considered. Food safety aspects of starter culture use discussed include the effects on survival of viruses, trichinae, and pathogenic bacteria, and on the control of mycotoxin, nitrosamine, and pressor amine contamination.

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