scholarly journals Feeding the Probiotic Enterococcus faecium Strain NCIMB 10415 to Piglets Specifically Reduces the Number of Escherichia coli Pathotypes That Adhere to the Gut Mucosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (24) ◽  
pp. 7896-7904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Bednorz ◽  
Sebastian Guenther ◽  
Kathrin Oelgeschläger ◽  
Bianca Kinnemann ◽  
Robert Pieper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Probiotic Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gut Mucosa ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Gut Microorganisms

ABSTRACTFeed supplementation with the probioticEnterococcus faeciumfor piglets has been found to reduce pathogenic gut microorganisms. SinceEscherichia coliis among the most important pathogens in pig production, we performed comprehensive analyses to gain further insight into the influence ofE. faeciumNCIMB 10415 on porcine intestinalE. coli. A total of 1,436E. colistrains were isolated from three intestinal habitats (mucosa, digesta, and feces) of probiotic-supplemented and nonsupplemented (control) piglets.E. colibacteria were characterized via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for clonal analysis. The high diversity ofE. coliwas reflected by 168 clones. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to determine the phylogenetic backgrounds, revealing 79 sequence types (STs). Pathotypes ofE. coliwere further defined using multiplex PCR for virulence-associated genes. While these analyses discerned only a few significant differences in theE. colipopulation between the feeding groups, analyses distinguishing clones that were uniquely isolated in either the probiotic group only, the control group only, or both groups (shared group) revealed clear effects at the habitat level. Interestingly, extraintestinal pathogenicE. coli(ExPEC)-typical clones adhering to the mucosa were significantly reduced in the probiotic group. Our data show a minor influence ofE. faeciumon the overall population ofE. coliin healthy piglets. In contrast, this probiotic has a profound effect on mucosa-adherentE. coli. This finding further substantiates a specific effect ofE. faeciumstrain NCIMB 10415 in piglets against pathogenicE. coliin the intestine. In addition, these data question the relevance of data based on sampling fecalE. colionly.

scholarly journals The tva(A) Gene from Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Confers Decreased Susceptibility to Pleuromutilins and Streptogramin A in Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana B. García-Martín ◽  
Sybille Schwendener ◽  
Vincent Perreten
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACT The tva(A) gene suspected to confer resistance to pleuromutilins in Brachyspira hyodysenteriae was tested for functionality in Escherichia coli AG100A and Staphylococcus aureus RN4220. Expression of the cloned tva(A) gene conferred decreased susceptibility to pleuromutilin (P) and streptogramin A (SA) antibiotics in E. coli and had a minor effect in S. aureus. The finding provides evidence of the direct association of tva(A) with the PSA resistance phenotype.

scholarly journals mcr-9, an Inducible Gene Encoding an Acquired Phosphoethanolamine Transferase in Escherichia coli, and Its Origin

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Kieffer ◽  
Guilhem Royer ◽  
Jean-Winoc Decousser ◽  
Anne-Sophie Bourrel ◽  
Mattia Palmieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
K 12 ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACT The plasmid-located mcr-9 gene, encoding a putative phosphoethanolamine transferase, was identified in a colistin-resistant human fecal Escherichia coli strain belonging to a very rare phylogroup, the D-ST69-O15:H6 clone. This MCR-9 protein shares 33% to 65% identity with the other plasmid-encoded MCR-type enzymes identified (MCR-1 to -8) that have been found as sources of acquired resistance to polymyxins in Enterobacteriaceae. Analysis of the lipopolysaccharide of the MCR-9-producing isolate revealed a function similar to that of MCR-1 by adding a phosphoethanolamine group to lipid A and subsequently modifying the structure of the lipopolysaccharide. However, a minor impact on susceptibility to polymyxins was noticed once the mcr-9 gene was cloned and produced in an E. coli K-12-derived strain. Nevertheless, we showed here that subinhibitory concentrations of colistin induced the expression of the mcr-9 gene, leading to increased MIC levels. This inducible expression was mediated by a two-component regulatory system encoded by the qseC and qseB genes located downstream of mcr-9. Genetic analysis showed that the mcr-9 gene was carried by an IncHI2 plasmid. In silico analysis revealed that the plasmid-encoded MCR-9 shared significant amino acid identity (ca. 80%) with the chromosomally encoded MCR-like proteins from Buttiauxella spp. In particular, Buttiauxella gaviniae was found to harbor a gene encoding MCR-BG, sharing 84% identity with MCR-9. That gene was neither expressed nor inducible in its original host, which was fully susceptible to polymyxins. This work showed that mcr genes may circulate silently and remain undetected unless induced by colistin.

scholarly journals Fimbrial Adhesins Produced by Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (23) ◽  
pp. 8391-8399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo T. Hernandes ◽  
Irina Velsko ◽  
Suely C. F. Sampaio ◽  
Waldir P. Elias ◽  
Roy M. Robins-Browne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Type 1 Pili ◽  
Gut Mucosa ◽  
Fimbrial Adhesins ◽  
Laminin Binding

ABSTRACTAtypical enteropathogenicEscherichia coli(aEPEC) has emerged as a significant cause of pediatric diarrhea worldwide; however, information regarding its adherence mechanisms to the human gut mucosa is lacking. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of several (fimA,ecpA,csgA,elfA, andhcpA) fimbrial genes in 71 aEPEC strains isolated from children with diarrhea (54 strains) and healthy individuals (17 strains) in Brazil and Australia by PCR. These genes are associated with adhesion and/or biofilm formation of pathogenic and commensalE. coli. Here, the most prevalent fimbrial genes found, in descending order, werehcpA(98.6%),ecpA(86%),fimA(76%),elfA(72%), andcsgA(19.7%). Phenotypic expression of pili in aEPEC strains was assessed by several approaches. We were not able to detect the hemorrhagic coli pilus (HCP) or theE. colilaminin-binding fimbriae (ELF) in these strains by using immunofluorescence. Type 1 pili and curli were detected in 59% (by yeast agglutination) and 2.8% (by Congo red binding and immunofluorescence) of the strains, respectively. TheE. colicommon pilus (ECP) was evidenced in 36.6% of the strains on bacteria adhering to HeLa cells by immunofluorescence, suggesting that ECP could play an important role in cell adherence for some aEPEC strains. This study highlights the complex nature of the adherence mechanisms of aEPEC strains involving the coordinated function of fimbrial (e.g., ECP) and nonfimbrial (e.g., intimin) adhesins and indicates that these strains bear several pilus operons that could potentially be expressed in different niches favoring colonization and survival in and outside the host.

scholarly journals Effect of probiotics in the pig nutrition on the pathogenic bacteria counts in the gut

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1839-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavla Pospíšková ◽  
Gabriela Zorníková ◽  
Miroslava Kolářová ◽  
Zbyšek Sládek ◽  
Tomáš Komprda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Probiotic Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Pig Husbandry

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a probiotic culture in the digestive tract of sows. Two groups of healthy sows with 40 animals each were fed a standard feed three weeks after weaning. From the beginning of the fourth week (day 0), one group received the same diet enriched with the probiotic monoculture ofEnterococcus faeciumSF 68, the second (control) group was given the same diet without probiotics. The samples of faeces were collected (to the sterile containers) at days 0, 15, 30 (end of the probiotic consumption) and 40 (end of the wash-out period), respectively. In the probiotic group, significant decrease (P < 0.05) of numbers ofE. coliandClostridiumspp. in faeces was found. The results indicate a positive effect of probiotics consumption on the digestive tract of sows and it can be used for a decrease of the incidence of the diarrhoeic diseases that are frequent in the pig husbandry.

scholarly journals Effects of In-Feed Chlortetracycline Prophylaxis in Beef Cattle on Animal Health and Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (24) ◽  
pp. 7197-7204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getahun E. Agga ◽  
John W. Schmidt ◽  
Terrance M. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTConcerns have been raised that in-feed chlortetracycline (CTC) may increase antimicrobial resistance (AMR), specifically tetracycline-resistant (TETr)Escherichia coliand third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCr)E. coli. We evaluated the impact of a 5-day in-feed CTC prophylaxis on animal health, TETrE. coli, and 3GCrE. coli. A control group of cattle (n= 150) received no CTC, while a CTC group (n= 150) received in-feed CTC (10 mg/lb of body weight/day) from the 5th to the 9th day after feedlot arrival. Over 25% (38/150) of the animals in the control group developed illnesses requiring therapeutic treatment with antimicrobials critically important to human medicine. Only two animals (1.3%) in the CTC group required such treatments. Fecal swab and pen surface occurrences of genericE. coli(isolated on media that did not contain antimicrobials of interest and were not isolated based on any specific resistance), TETrE. coli, and 3GCrE. coliwere determined on five sampling occasions: arrival at the feedlot, 5 days posttreatment (5 dpt), 27 dpt, 75 dpt, and 117 dpt. On 5 dpt, TETrE. coliconcentrations were higher for the CTC group than the control group (P< 0.01). On 27 dpt, 75 dpt, and 117 dpt, TETrE. coliconcentrations did not differ between groups. 3GCrE. colioccurrences did not differ between control and CTC groups on any sampling occasion. For both groups, generic, TETr, and 3GCrE. colioccurrences were highest on 75 dpt and 117 dpt, suggesting that factors other than in-feed CTC contributed more significantly to antimicrobial-resistantE. colioccurrence.IMPORTANCEThe occurrence of human bacterial infections resistant to antimicrobial therapy has been increasing. It has been postulated that antimicrobial resistance was inevitable, but the life span of the antimicrobial era has been prematurely compromised due to the misuse of antimicrobials in clinical and agricultural practices. Direct evidence relating the use of antimicrobials in livestock production to diminished human health outcomes due to antimicrobial resistance is lacking, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has taken an approach to maximize therapeutic efficacy and minimize the selection of resistant microorganisms through judicious use of antimicrobials. This study demonstrated that prophylactic in-feed treatment of chlortetracycline administered for 5 days to calves entering feedlots is judicious, as this therapy reduced animal morbidity, reduced the use of antimicrobials more critical to human health, and had no long-term impact on the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistantE. coli.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O103:H2 Strains Isolated from Feces of Feedlot Cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance W. Noll ◽  
Jay N. Worley ◽  
Xun Yang ◽  
Pragathi B. Shridhar ◽  
Jianfa Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACT The enterohemorrhagic pathotype represents a minor proportion of the Escherichia coli O103 strains shed in the feces of cattle. We report here the genome sequences of 43 strains of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O103:H2 isolated from feedlot cattle feces. The genomic analysis will provide information on the genetic diversity and virulence potential of bovine EHEC O103.

scholarly journals Analysis of the σERegulon in Crohn's Disease-Associated Escherichia coli Revealed Involvement of thewaaWVLOperon in Biofilm Formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 197 (8) ◽  
pp. 1451-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Chassaing ◽  
Estelle Garénaux ◽  
Jessica Carriere ◽  
Nathalie Rolhion ◽  
Yann Guérardel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gut Mucosa ◽  
Pathway Inhibition

ABSTRACTIleal lesions of patients with Crohn's disease are colonized by adherent-invasiveEscherichia coli(AIEC), which is able to adhere to and to invade intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), to replicate within macrophages, and to form biofilms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa. Previous analyses indicated the involvement of the σEpathway in AIEC-IEC interaction, as well as in biofilm formation, with σEpathway inhibition leading to an impaired ability of AIEC to colonize the intestinal mucosa and to form biofilms. The aim of this study was to characterize the σEregulon of AIEC strain LF82 in order to identify members involved in AIEC phenotypes. Using comparativein silicoanalysis of the σEregulon, we identified thewaaWVLoperon as a new member of the σEregulon in reference AIEC strain LF82. We determined that thewaaWVLoperon is involved in AIEC lipopolysaccharide structure and composition, and thewaaWVLoperon was found to be essential for AIEC strains to produce biofilm and to colonize the intestinal mucosa.IMPORTANCEAn increased prevalence of adherent-invasiveEscherichia coli(AIEC) bacteria was previously observed in the intestinal mucosa of Crohn's disease (CD) patients, and clinical observations revealed bacterial biofilms associated with the mucosa of CD patients. Here, analysis of the σEregulon in AIEC and commensalE. coliidentified 12 genes controlled by σEonly in AIEC. Among them, WaaWVL factors were found to play an essential role in biofilm formation and mucosal colonization by AIEC. In addition to identifying molecular tools that revealed a pathogenic population ofE. colicolonizing the mucosa of CD patients, these results indicate that targeting thewaaWVLoperon could be a potent therapeutic strategy to interfere with the ability of AIEC to form biofilms and to colonize the gut mucosa.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O103 Strains Isolated from Feces of Feedlot Cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance W. Noll ◽  
Jay N. Worley ◽  
Xun Yang ◽  
Pragathi B. Shridhar ◽  
Jianfa Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACT Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) pathotype represents a minor proportion of E. coli O103 strains shed in the feces of feedlot cattle. The draft genome sequences of 13 strains of EPEC O103 are reported here. The availability of the genome sequences will help in the assessment of genetic diversity and virulence potential of bovine EPEC O103.

scholarly journals Inhibitor-Resistant TEM- and OXA-1-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates Resistant to Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Are More Clonal and Possess Lower Virulence Gene Content than Susceptible Clinical Isolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 3874-3881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Oteo ◽  
Juan José González-López ◽  
Adriana Ortega ◽  
J. Natalia Quintero-Zárate ◽  
Germán Bou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Control Set

ABSTRACTIn a previous prospective multicenter study in Spain, we found that OXA-1 and inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) β-lactamases constitute the most common plasmid-borne mechanisms of genuine amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC) resistance inEscherichia coli. In the present study, we investigated the population structure and virulence traits of clinical AMC-resistantE. colistrains expressing OXA-1 or IRT and compared these traits to those in a control group of clinical AMC-susceptibleE. coliisolates. All OXA-1-producing (n= 67) and IRT-producing (n= 45) isolates were matched by geographical and temporal origin to the AMC-susceptible control set (n= 56). We performed multilocus sequence typing and phylogenetic group characterization for each isolate and then studied the isolates for the presence of 49 virulence factors (VFs) by PCR and sequencing. The most prevalent clone detected was distinct for each group: group C isolates of sequence type (ST) 88 (C/ST88) were the most common in OXA-1 producers, B2/ST131 isolates were the most common in IRT producers, and B2/ST73 isolates were the most common in AMC-susceptible isolates. The median numbers of isolates per ST were 3.72 in OXA-1 producers, 2.04 in IRT producers, and 1.69 in AMC-susceptible isolates; the proportions of STs represented by one unique isolate in each group were 19.4%, 31.1%, and 48.2%, respectively. The sum of all VFs detected, calculated as a virulence score, was significantly higher in AMC-susceptible isolates than OXA-1 and IRT producers (means, 12.5 versus 8.3 and 8.2, respectively). Our findings suggest that IRT- and OXA-1-producingE. coliisolates resistant to AMC have a different and less diverse population structure than AMC-susceptible clinicalE. coliisolates. The AMC-susceptible population also contains more VFs than AMC-resistant isolates.

scholarly journals CRISPR-Cas Functional Module Exchange in Escherichia coli

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Almendros ◽  
Francisco J. M. Mojica ◽  
César Díez-Villaseñor ◽  
Noemí M. Guzmán ◽  
Jesús García-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Functional Module ◽  
Microbial Evolution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Insertion Elements ◽  
K 12 ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACTClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes constitute the CRISPR-Cas systems found in theBacteriaandArchaeadomains. At least in some strains they provide an efficient barrier against transmissible genetic elements such as plasmids and viruses. Two CRISPR-Cas systems have been identified inEscherichia coli, pertaining to subtypes I-E (cas-E genes) and I-F (cas-F genes), respectively. In order to unveil the evolutionary dynamics of such systems, we analyzed the sequence variations in the CRISPR-Cas loci of a collection of 131E. colistrains. Our results show that the strain grouping inferred from these CRISPR data slightly differs from the phylogeny of the species, suggesting the occurrence of recombinational events between CRISPR arrays. Moreover, we determined that the primarycas-E genes ofE. coliwere altogether replaced with a substantially different variant in a minor group of strains that include K-12. Insertion elements play an important role in this variability. This result underlines the interchange capacity of CRISPR-Cas constituents and hints that at least some functional aspects documented for the K-12 system may not apply to the vast majority ofE. colistrains.IMPORTANCEEscherichia coliis a model microorganism for the study of diverse aspects such as microbial evolution and is a component of the human gut flora that may have a direct impact in everyday life. This work was undertaken with the purpose of elucidating the evolutionary pathways that have led to the present situation of its significantly different CRISPR-Cas subtypes (I-E and I-F) in several strains ofE. coli. In doing so, this information offers a novel and wider understanding of the variety and relevance of these regions within the species. Therefore, this knowledge may provide clues helping researchers better understand these systems for typing purposes and make predictions of their behavior in strains that, depending on their particular genetic dotation, would result in different levels of immunity to foreign genetic elements.

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