Natural Genetic Transformation of Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli in Urine and Water

ABSTRACT Transfer of plasmid-borne antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli wild-type strains is possible by transformation under naturally occurring conditions in oligotrophic, aquatic environments containing physiologic concentrations of calcium. In contrast, transformation is suppressed in nitrogen-rich body fluids like urine, a common habitat of uropathogenic strains. Current knowledge indicates that transformation of these E. coli wild-type strains is of no relevance for the acquisition of resistance in this clinically important environment.

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Diversity of Hemagglutination Phenotypes among P-Fimbriated Wild-Type Strains of Escherichia coli in Relation to papG Allele Repertoire

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.5.2.160-170.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 160-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

James R. Johnson ◽

Jennifer J. Brown ◽

Parvia Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Wild Type ◽

Sheep Erythrocytes ◽

E Coli ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Type Strains

ABSTRACT Data regarding the hemagglutination (HA) patterns of the three variants (classes I, II, and III) of the Escherichia coliadhesin PapG are conflicting. These HA patterns usually have been assessed for each papG allele separately with recombinant strains in slide HA assays. We rigorously evaluated an alternative microtiter tray HA assay and then used it to assess the HA of four erythrocyte types (human A1P1 and OP1, rabbit, and sheep erythrocytes) by multiple wild-typeE. coli strains representing the four naturally occurring combinations of the papG alleles, i.e., class I plus III, class III only, class II plus III, and class II only. The microtiter tray HA assay displayed significantly better reproducibility of intraobserver (83%) and interobserver (86%) results than did slide HA assays (39 and 73%, respectively). Novel findings from the study of 32 wild-type P-fimbriated strains included reproducible determinations of phenotypic diversity among different papG categories, among strains within each papG category, and from day to day for individual strains. There was also substantial overlap of phenotypes between papG categories I plus III and III only and between II plus III and II only. A class III papG recombinant strain’s HA pattern differed significantly from that of the wild-type class III strains. These data demonstrate that HA phenotypes of wild-type P-fimbriated E. coli strains can be reproducibly assessed by a microtiter HA assay and that they correspond broadly topapG genotype but in a more complex and varied fashion than previously recognized.

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Mechanisms of Resistance in Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains of Human, Animal, and Food Origins

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.48.10.3996-4001.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 3996-4001 ◽

Cited By ~ 269

Author(s):

Yolanda Sáenz ◽

Laura Briñas ◽

Elena Domínguez ◽

Joaquim Ruiz ◽

Myriam Zarazaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Class 1 ◽

Human Animal

ABSTRACT Seventeen multiple-antibiotic-resistant nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strains of human, animal, and food origins showed a wide variety of antibiotic resistance genes, many of them carried by class 1 and class 2 integrons. Amino acid changes in MarR and mutations in marO were identified for 15 and 14 E. coli strains, respectively.

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Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments: E. coli as a Case Study

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2110693 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (11) ◽

pp. 693 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Adamantia Efstratiou ◽

Marina Bountouni ◽

Efthimios Kefalas

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Ground Water ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

E Coli ◽

Of Greece

The aim of this study was to gather information on the spread of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from wells, boreholes and untreated drinking water in islands of Greece. We analyzed for antibiotic resistance 235 E. coli strains isolated from untreated drinking water of small rural communities, and ground water from 4 islands. Resistance was tested against Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Amoxicillin and Cefaclor. More than half (54.9%) were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested. Of these 26.3% showed multiple resistance (to two or more antibiotics). Strains from drinking water sources were overall more sensitive. Frequent resistance was observed for Amoxicillin (38.3%) and Levofloxacin (28.5%), low for Norfloxacin (5.5%).

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Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with dairy cattle and farm environment having public health significance

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.984-993 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 984-993 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Md. Abdus Sobur ◽

Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj ◽

Ripon Sarker ◽

A. M. M. Taufiqur Rahman ◽

S. M. Lutful Kabir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

One Health ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine load of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in dairy farm and its environmental components. In addition, the antibiogram profile of the isolated bacteria having public health impact was also determined along with identification of virulence and resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under a one-health approach. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 samples of six types (cow dung - 15, milk - 10, milkers' hand wash - 10, soil - 10 water - 5, and vegetables - 10) were collected from four dairy farms. For enumeration, the samples were cultured onto plate count agar, eosin methylene blue, and xylose-lysine deoxycholate agar and the isolation and identification of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by PCR. The pathogenic strains of E. coli stx1, stx2, and rfbO157 were also identified through PCR. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against 12 commonly used antibiotics by disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes ereA, tetA, tetB, and SHV were performed by PCR. Results: The mean total bacterial count, E. coli and Salmonella spp. count in the samples ranged from 4.54±0.05 to 8.65±0.06, 3.62±0.07 to 7.04±0.48, and 2.52±0.08 to 5.87±0.05 log colony-forming unit/g or ml, respectively. Out of 240 samples, 180 (75%) isolates of E. coli and 136 (56.67%) isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered through cultural and molecular tests. Among the 180 E. coli isolates, 47 (26.11%) were found positive for the presence of all the three virulent genes, of which stx1 was the most prevalent (13.33%). Only three isolates were identified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that both E. coli and Salmonella spp. were found highly resistant to azithromycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and ertapenem and susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Among the four antibiotic resistance genes, the most observable was tetA (80.51-84.74%) in E. coli and Salmonella spp. and SHV genes were the lowest one (22.06-25%). Conclusion: Dairy farm and their environmental components carry antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. that are potential threat for human health which requires a one-health approach to combat the threat.

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Survey and Sequence Characterization of Bovine Mastitis-Associated Escherichia coli in Dairy Herds

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2020.582297 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

John I. Alawneh ◽

Ben Vezina ◽

Hena R. Ramay ◽

Hulayyil Al-Harbi ◽

Ameh S. James ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Sequence Type ◽

Genotypic Differences ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Sequence Characterization ◽

E Coli

Escherichia coli is frequently associated with mastitis in cattle. “Pathogenic” and “commensal” isolates appear to be genetically similar. With a few exceptions, no notable genotypic differences have been found between commensal and mastitis-associated E. coli. In this study, 24 E. coli strains were isolated from dairy cows with clinical mastitis in three geographic regions of Australia (North Queensland, South Queensland, and Victoria), sequenced, then genomically surveyed. There was no observed relationship between sequence type (ST) and region (p = 0.51). The most common Multi Locus Sequence Type was ST10 (38%), then ST4429 (13%). Pangenomic analysis revealed a soft-core genome of 3,463 genes, including genes associated with antibiotic resistance, chemotaxis, motility, adhesion, biofilm formation, and pili. A total of 36 different plasmids were identified and generally found to have local distributions (p = 0.02). Only 2 plasmids contained antibiotic resistance genes, a p1303_5-like plasmid encoding multidrug-resistance (trimethoprim, quaternary ammonium, beta-lactam, streptomycin, sulfonamide, and kanamycin) from two North Queensland isolates on the same farm, while three Victorian isolates from the same farm contained a pCFSAN004177P_01-like plasmid encoding tetracycline-resistance. This pattern is consistent with a local spread of antibiotic resistance through plasmids of bovine mastitis cases. Notably, co-occurrence of plasmids containing virulence factors/antibiotic resistance with putative mobilization was rare, though the multidrug resistant p1303_5-like plasmid was predicted to be conjugative and is of some concern. This survey has provided greater understanding of antibiotic resistance within E. coli-associated bovine mastitis which will allow greater prediction and improved decision making in disease management.

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Inhibition of the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) operon in Escherichia coli by antisense DNA analogs.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.41.12.2699 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 41 (12) ◽

pp. 2699-2704 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

D G White ◽

K Maneewannakul ◽

E von Hofe ◽

M Zillman ◽

W Eisenberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽

Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Wild Type ◽

Lacz Expression ◽

E Coli ◽

Plasmid Construct ◽

Dna Analogs ◽

Susceptibility And Resistance

The multiple antibiotic resistance operon (marORAB) in Escherichia coli controls intrinsic susceptibility and resistance to multiple, structurally different antibiotics and other noxious agents. A plasmid construct with marA cloned in the antisense direction reduced LacZ expression from a constitutively expressed marA::lacZ translational fusion and inhibited the induced expression of LacZ in cells bearing the wild-type repressed fusion. The marA antisense construction also decreased the multiple antibiotic resistance of a Mar mutant. Two antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides, one targeted to marO and the other targeted to marA of the mar operon, introduced by heat shock or electroporation reduced LacZ expression in the strain having the marA::lacZ fusion. One antisense oligonucleotide, tested against a Mar mutant of E. coli ML308-225, increased the bactericidal activity of norfloxacin. These studies demonstrate the efficacy of exogenously delivered antisense oligonucleotides targeted to the marRAB operon in inhibiting expression of this chromosomal regulatory locus.

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F Plasmids Are the Major Carriers of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Human-Associated Commensal Escherichia coli

mSphere ◽

10.1128/msphere.00709-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Craig Stephens ◽

Tyler Arismendi ◽

Megan Wright ◽

Austin Hartman ◽

Andres Gonzalez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Transposable Elements ◽

Dna Sequencing ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli

ABSTRACT The evolution and propagation of antibiotic resistance by bacterial pathogens are significant threats to global public health. Contemporary DNA sequencing tools were applied here to gain insight into carriage of antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli, a ubiquitous commensal bacterium in the gut microbiome in humans and many animals, and a common pathogen. Draft genome sequences generated for a collection of 101 E. coli strains isolated from healthy undergraduate students showed that horizontally acquired antibiotic resistance genes accounted for most resistance phenotypes, the primary exception being resistance to quinolones due to chromosomal mutations. A subset of 29 diverse isolates carrying acquired resistance genes and 21 control isolates lacking such genes were further subjected to long-read DNA sequencing to enable complete or nearly complete genome assembly. Acquired resistance genes primarily resided on F plasmids (101/153 [67%]), with smaller numbers on chromosomes (30/153 [20%]), IncI complex plasmids (15/153 [10%]), and small mobilizable plasmids (5/153 [3%]). Nearly all resistance genes were found in the context of known transposable elements. Very few structurally conserved plasmids with antibiotic resistance genes were identified, with the exception of an ∼90-kb F plasmid in sequence type 1193 (ST1193) isolates that appears to serve as a platform for resistance genes and may have virulence-related functions as well. Carriage of antibiotic resistance genes on transposable elements and mobile plasmids in commensal E. coli renders the resistome highly dynamic. IMPORTANCE Rising antibiotic resistance in human-associated bacterial pathogens is a serious threat to our ability to treat many infectious diseases. It is critical to understand how acquired resistance genes move in and through bacteria associated with humans, particularly for species such as Escherichia coli that are very common in the human gut but can also be dangerous pathogens. This work combined two distinct DNA sequencing approaches to allow us to explore the genomes of E. coli from college students to show that the antibiotic resistance genes these bacteria have acquired are usually carried on a specific type of plasmid that is naturally transferrable to other E. coli, and likely to other related bacteria.

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Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance E. Coli and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Aquatic Environment of Taihu Lake, China

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.630 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 295-298 ◽

pp. 630-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ni Ni Han ◽

Song He Zhang ◽

Pei Fang Wang ◽

Chao Wang

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Surface Water ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Taihu Lake ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Realtime Pcr

The aims of this study are to evaluate multiple antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolated from surface water and to investigate the presence and distribution antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sediments of Taihu Lake. The results show that the presentence of four ARGs concentrations in the sediments of the lake was in sequence: strB>qnrB>strA>qnrS, as determined by realtime-PCR technique. The southwest and east areas of Taihu Lake were polluted seriously than other areas from all kinds of antibiotics. The screening Escherichia coli had a higher resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin than other four antibiotics, and had a lowest resistance to levofloxacin.

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bla OXA-48-like genome architecture among carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Netherlands

Microbial Genomics ◽

10.1099/mgen.0.000512 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Antoni P. A. Hendrickx ◽

Fabian Landman ◽

Angela de Haan ◽

Sandra Witteveen ◽

Marga G. van Santen-Verheuvel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Type Species ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Gene Content ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Link Type

Carbapenem-hydrolysing enzymes belonging to the OXA-48-like group are encoded by bla OXA-48-like alleles and are abundant among Enterobacterales in the Netherlands. Therefore, the objective here was to investigate the characteristics, gene content and diversity of the bla OXA-48-like carrying plasmids and chromosomes of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae collected in the Dutch national surveillance from 2014 to 2019 in comparison with genome sequences from 29 countries. A combination of short-read genome sequencing with long-read sequencing enabled the reconstruction of 47 and 132 complete bla OXA-48-like plasmids for E. coli and K. pneumoniae , respectively. Seven distinct plasmid groups designated as pOXA-48-1 to pOXA-48-5, pOXA-181 and pOXA-232 were identified in the Netherlands which were similar to internationally reported plasmids obtained from countries from North and South America, Europe, Asia and Oceania. The seven plasmid groups varied in size, G+C content, presence of antibiotic resistance genes, replicon family and gene content. The pOXA-48-1 to pOXA-48-5 plasmids were variable, and the pOXA-181 and pOXA-232 plasmids were conserved. The pOXA-48-1, pOXA-48-2, pOXA-48-3 and pOXA-48-5 groups contained a putative conjugation system, but this was absent in the pOXA-48-4, pOXA-181 and pOXA-232 plasmid groups. pOXA-48 plasmids contained the PemI antitoxin, while the pOXA-181 and pOXA-232 plasmids did not. Furthermore, the pOXA-181 plasmids carried a virB2-virB3-virB9-virB10-virB11 type IV secretion system, while the pOXA-48 plasmids and pOXA-232 lacked this system. A group of non-related pOXA-48 plasmids from the Netherlands contained different resistance genes, non-IncL-type replicons or no replicons. Whole genome multilocus sequence typing revealed that the bla OXA-48-like plasmids were found in a wide variety of genetic backgrounds in contrast to chromosomally encoded bla OXA-48-like alleles. Chromosomally localized bla OXA-48 and bla OXA-244 alleles were located on genetic elements of variable sizes and comprised regions of pOXA-48 plasmids. The bla OXA-48-like genetic element was flanked by a direct repeat upstream of IS1R, and was found at multiple locations in the chromosomes of E. coli . Lastly, K. pneumoniae isolates carrying bla OXA-48 or bla OXA-232 were mostly resistant for meropenem, whereas E. coli bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181 and chromosomal bla OXA-48 or bla OXA-244 isolates were mostly sensitive. In conclusion, the overall bla OXA-48-like plasmid population in the Netherlands is conserved and similar to that reported for other countries, confirming global dissemination of bla OXA-48-like plasmids. Variations in size, presence of antibiotic resistance genes and gene content impacted pOXA-48, pOXA-181 and pOXA-232 plasmid architecture.

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Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Some Multiple Antibiotic Resistant E. coli from Apparently Healthy Pregnant Women

Microbiology Research Journal International ◽

10.9734/mrji/2020/v30i830248 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 23-31

Author(s):

O. C. Adekunle ◽

A. J. Falade- Fatila ◽

R. Ojedele ◽

G. Odewale

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Apparently Healthy

The emerging drug resistance, especially among the Escherichia coli (E.coli) isolates from pregnant women, spread rapidly within the community. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a well-known bacterial infection posing serious health problem in pregnant women. Also, multi-drug resistance is becoming rampant, and it is of serious public health concern. Treatment of E. coli is now a challenge due to continuous increase in resistance towards commonly prescribed antibiotics, thus posing a threat to treatment. Hence, the aim of the study is to determine antibiotic resistance genes in some multiple antibiotic resistant E.coli from apparently healthy pregnant women in Osun State. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect 150 mid-stream urine samples from apparently healthy pregnant women from March, 2018 to September, 2018. A well structured questionnaire and informed consent were used for data collection. Standard loop technique was used to place 0.001 ml of urine on Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) medium, Blood agar, MacConkey agar and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. A standard agar disc diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates. The molecular detection of the resistant genes was done using PCR techniques. The ages of women enrolled in this study ranges from 22 to 42 years (mean ± standard deviation = 31 ± 4.7 years). Escherichia coli showed high percentage of resistance to ampicillin and low resistance to ciprofloxacin and penicillin. All the E. coli isolates were sensitive to levofloxacin, and most were resistant to Meropenem. Multiple drug resistance was observed in all the isolates. Resistance genes in VIM 390bp, bla ctx-M 585bp and TEM 517bp were detected in some of the representative E. coli isolates profiled. This study identified the presence of Multi-drug resistance genes in E. coli associated UTI among pregnant women in Osogbo.

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