CovR and VicRKX Regulate Transcription of the Collagen Binding Protein Cnm ofStreptococcus mutans
ABSTRACTCnm is a surface-associated protein present in a subset ofStreptococcus mutansstrains that mediates binding to extracellular matrices, intracellular invasion, and virulence. Here, we showed thatcnmtranscription is controlled by the global regulators CovR and VicRKX.In silicoanalysis identified multiple putative CovR- and VicR-binding motifs in the regulatory region ofcnmas well as in the downstream genepgfS, which is associated with the posttranslational modification of Cnm. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that CovR and VicR specifically and independently bind to thecnmandpgfSpromoter regions. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses of ΔcovRand ΔvicKstrains as well as of a strain overexpressingvicRKXrevealed that CovR functions as a positive regulator ofcnm, whereas VicRKX acts as a negative regulator. In agreement with the role of VicRKX as a repressor, the ΔvicKstrain showed enhanced binding to collagen and laminin and higher intracellular invasion rates. Overexpression ofvicRKXwas associated with decreased rates of intracellular invasion but did not affect collagen or lamin binding activities, suggesting that this system controls additional genes involved in binding to these extracellular matrix proteins. As expected, based on the role of CovR incnmregulation, the ΔcovRstrain showed decreased intracellular invasion rates, but, unexpectedly collagen and laminin binding activities were increased in this mutant strain. Collectively, the results presented here expand the repertoire of virulence-related genes regulated by CovR and VicRKX to include the core genepgfSand the noncore genecnm.IMPORTANCEStreptococcus mutansis a major pathogen associated with dental caries and also implicated in systemic infections, in particular, infective endocarditis. The Cnm adhesin ofS. mutansis an important virulence factor associated with systemic infections and caries severity. Despite its role in virulence, the regulatory mechanisms governingcnmexpression are poorly understood. Here, we describe the identification of two independent regulatory systems controlling the transcription ofcnmand the downstreampgfS-pgfM1-pgfE-pgfM2operon. A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling expression of virulence factors like Cnm can facilitate the development of new strategies to treat bacterial infections.