Role of the gerI Operon ofBacillus cereus 569 in the Response of Spores to Germinants

ABSTRACT Bacillus cereus 569 (ATCC 10876) germinates in response to inosine or to l-alanine, but the most rapid germination response is elicited by a combination of these germinants. Mutants defective in their germination response to either inosine or tol-alanine were isolated after Tn 917 -LTV1 mutagenesis and enrichment procedures; one class of mutant could not germinate in response to inosine as a sole germinant but still germinated in response to l-alanine, although at a reduced rate; another mutant germinated normally in response to inosine but was slowed in its germination response to l-alanine. These mutants demonstrated that at least two signal response pathways are involved in the triggering of germination. Stimulation of germination in l-alanine by limiting concentrations of inosine and stimulation of germination in inosine by low concentrations of l-alanine were still detectable in these mutants, suggesting that such stimulation is not dependent on complete functionality of both these germination loci. Two transposon insertions that affected inosine germination were found to be located 2.2 kb apart on the chromosome. This region was cloned and sequenced, revealing an operon of three open reading frames homologous to those in thegerA and related operons of Bacillus subtilis. The individual genes of this gerIoperon have been named gerIA, gerIB, and gerIC. The GerIA protein is predicted to possess an unusually long, charged, N-terminal domain containing nine tandem copies of a 13-amino-acid glutamine- and serine-rich sequence.

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DNA Microarray Analysis of Central Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolytic/Gluconeogenic Carbon Switch in the Hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeum Thermoproteus tenax

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.01524-07 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 190 (6) ◽

pp. 2231-2238 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Melanie Zaparty ◽

Alexander Zaigler ◽

Claudia Stamme ◽

Jörg Soppa ◽

Reinhard Hensel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Dna Microarray ◽

Transcript Level ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Heterotrophic Growth ◽

Thermoproteus Tenax ◽

Central Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Reading Frames

ABSTRACT In order to unravel the role of regulation on transcript level in central carbohydrate metabolism (CCM) of Thermoproteus tenax, a focused DNA microarray was constructed by using 85 open reading frames involved in CCM. A transcriptional analysis comparing heterotrophic growth on glucose versus autotrophic growth on CO2-H2 was performed.

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Autophagy Intertwines with Different Diseases—Recent Strategies for Therapeutic Approaches

Diseases ◽

10.3390/diseases7010015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 15 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Janani Ramesh ◽

Larance Ronsard ◽

Anthony Gao ◽

Bhuvarahamurthy Venugopal

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Signaling Cascades ◽

Progression Rate ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Reading Frames

Autophagy is a regular and substantial “clear-out process” that occurs within the cell and that gets rid of debris that accumulates in membrane-enclosed vacuoles by using enzyme-rich lysosomes, which are filled with acids that degrade the contents of the vacuoles. This machinery is well-connected with many prevalent diseases, including cancer, HIV, and Parkinson’s disease. Considering that autophagy is well-known for its significant connections with a number of well-known fatal diseases, a thorough knowledge of the current findings in the field is essential in developing therapies to control the progression rate of diseases. Thus, this review summarizes the critical events comprising autophagy in the cellular system and the significance of its key molecules in manifesting this pathway in various diseases for down- or upregulation. We collectively reviewed the role of autophagy in various diseases, mainly neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammatory diseases, and renal disorders. Here, some collective reports on autophagy showed that this process might serve as a dual performer: either protector or contributor to certain diseases. The aim of this review is to help researchers to understand the role of autophagy-regulating genes encoding functional open reading frames (ORFs) and its connection with diseases, which will eventually drive better understanding of both the progression and suppression of different diseases at various stages. This review also focuses on certain novel therapeutic strategies which have been published in the recent years based on targeting autophagy key proteins and its interconnecting signaling cascades.

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Effect of lanthanum on the inotropic response of isoproterenol: role of the superficially bound calcium

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y85-182 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 63 (9) ◽

pp. 1106-1112 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ahmad B. Fawzi ◽

John H. McNeill

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Amp ◽

Positive Inotropic Effect ◽

Direct Action ◽

Maximum Response ◽

Inotropic Response ◽

Guinea Pig Heart ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Stimulation Of ◽

Calcium Pool

Mammalian myocardial contractility is believed to be related to the amount of calcium contained in a highly labile superficial calcium pool. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of such sites in the positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol. Lanthanum, an ion that is restricted to the extracellular space and that displaces the superficially bound calcium, was selected as a tool for this investigation. In Langendorff preparations of the guinea pig heart, lanthanum decreased the basal contractility index (+ dP/dtmax) in a concentration-dependent fashion (0.05–3μM) and blocked the inotropic response of isoproterenol in a noncompetitive manner (0.25–3 μM). Three-micromolar lanthanum (i) reduced basal contractility and the maximum response to isoproterenol by 97 and 95%, respectively, (ii) had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on basal and isoproterenol-induced cyclic AMP levels, and (iii) had no effect on the Kd of [3H]nitrendipine binding, but reduced the Bmax by 31%. While 1 μM lanthanum reduced basal contractility and the maximum response to isoproterenol by 90 and 70%, respectively, it had no effect on [3H]nitrendipine binding. These results suggest that the effects of such low concentrations of lanthanum (≤3 μM) are not related to a direct action on the calcium channels and are not mediated by an inhibition of isoproterenol stimulation of the enzyme adenylate cyclase. Therefore, one interpretation of these results suggests that superficially bound calcium is required for the inotropic response of isoproterenol.

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Role of two upstream open reading frames in the translational control of oncogene mdm2

Oncogene ◽

10.1038/sj.onc.1202949 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 18 (41) ◽

pp. 5631-5637 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Cheryl Y Brown ◽

Gregory J Mize ◽

Mario Pineda ◽

Donna L George ◽

David R Morris

Keyword(s):

Translational Control ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Upstream Open Reading Frames ◽

Reading Frames

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Characterization and transcriptional profiles of Engraulis encrasicolus’ GnRH forms

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-16-0405 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 152 (6) ◽

pp. 727-739 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Andrea Miccoli ◽

Ike Olivotto ◽

Andrea De Felice ◽

Iole Leonori ◽

Oliana Carnevali

Keyword(s):

Physical Environment ◽

Trophic Ecology ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Engraulis Encrasicolus ◽

The Past ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Species Specific ◽

Reading Frames ◽

Salmon Gnrh ◽

Stimulation Of

The European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus, a member of the Clupeiformes order, holds a great biological and economical importance. In the past, this species was mostly investigated with the aim of assessing its reproductive biology, trophic ecology, population dynamics and the relations existing with the physical environment. At present days, though, an almost complete lack of information afflicts its neuroendocrinology and reproductive physiology. The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis at its highest levels was herein investigated. In this study, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a neuropeptide underlying many reproduction-related processes, the most critical of which is the stimulation of gonadotropin synthesis and secretion from the pituitary gland, was cloned. Three forms (salmon GnRH, chicken-II GnRH and the species-specific type) were characterized in their full-length open-reading frames and, in accordance with other Clupeiformes species, the distinctive one was found to be the herring-type GnRH. We qualitatively and semiquantitatively evaluated the localizations of expressions and the temporal transcription patterns of the three GnRH forms in male and female specimens throughout their reproductive cycle as well as described their phylogeny with regard to teleost GnRH lineages, and, specifically, to other Clupeiformes species.

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Phage composition of a fermented milk and colostrum product assessed by microbiome array; putative role of open reading frames in reference to cell signaling and neurological development

10.1101/714154 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Stefania Pacini ◽

Marco Ruggiero

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Fermented Milk ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Neurological Development ◽

Putative Role ◽

Biological Entities ◽

Reading Frames

AbstractBacteriophages (phages), Earth’s most numerous biological entities, are natural constituents of alimentary matrices; in this study we describe the characterization of phage populations in a product obtained by fermentation of bovine milk and colostrum. Such characterizations were achieved using a microarray consisting of a chip covered in short DNA sequences that are specific to certain target organisms for a total of approximately 12,000 species. The only viruses evidenced by the array belonged to Siphoviridae, the largest phage family that targets bacteria and archea. The array yielded 27 iterations corresponding to a unique target. We discuss the putative role of some open reading frames of these phages in conferring health-supporting properties with particular reference to cells signaling and neurological development. We also describe the in vitro interaction of this fermented product with alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, an enzyme whose activity in serum is elevated in neurodevelopmental disorders.

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Genetic Basis for Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Biosynthesis in Bordetellae

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.67.8.3763-3767.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 67 (8) ◽

pp. 3763-3767 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Andrew Preston ◽

Andrew G. Allen ◽

Joanna Cadisch ◽

Richard Thomas ◽

Kim Stevens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insertion Sequence ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Genetic Locus ◽

Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Bordetella Parapertussis ◽

O Antigen ◽

Surface Polysaccharide ◽

Reading Frames

ABSTRACT Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis express a surface polysaccharide, attached to a lipopolysaccharide, which has been called O antigen. This structure is absent from Bordetella pertussis. We report the identification of a large genetic locus in B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis that is required for O-antigen biosynthesis. The locus is replaced by an insertion sequence in B. pertussis, explaining the lack of O-antigen biosynthesis in this species. The DNA sequence of the B. bronchiseptica locus has been determined and the presence of 21 open reading frames has been revealed. We have ascribed putative functions to many of these open reading frames based on database searches. Mutations in the locus in B. bronchiseptica andB. parapertussis prevent O-antigen biosynthesis and provide tools for the study of the role of O antigen in infections caused by these bacteria.

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Emerging role of long noncoding RNA-encoded micropeptides in cancer

Cancer Cell International ◽

10.1186/s12935-020-01589-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mujie Ye ◽

Jingjing Zhang ◽

Meng Wei ◽

Baihui Liu ◽

Kuiran Dong

Keyword(s):

Noncoding Rna ◽

Cancer Metabolism ◽

Chain Complex ◽

Ribosome Profiling ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Clinical Value ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Nascent Chain ◽

Reading Frames

Abstract Increasing evidence has indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play various important roles in the development of cancers. The widespread applications of ribosome profiling and ribosome nascent chain complex sequencing revealed that some short open reading frames of lncRNAs have micropeptide-coding potential. The resulting micropeptides have been shown to participate in N6-methyladenosine modification, tumor angiogenesis, cancer metabolism, and signal transduction. This review summarizes current information regarding the reported roles of lncRNA-encoded micropeptides in cancer, and explores the potential clinical value of these micropeptides in the development of anti-cancer drugs and prognostic tumor biomarkers.

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Genetic Analysis of the AdnA Regulon in Pseudomonas fluorescens: Nonessential Role of Flagella in Adhesion to Sand and Biofilm Formation

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.185.2.453-460.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 185 (2) ◽

pp. 453-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Eduardo A. Robleto ◽

Inmaculada López-Hernández ◽

Mark W. Silby ◽

Stuart B. Levy

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Transcription Factor ◽

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Deletion Mutant ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Cell Processes ◽

Reading Frames ◽

Insertion Mutants

ABSTRACT AdnA is a transcription factor in Pseudomonas fluorescens that affects flagellar synthesis, biofilm formation, and sand adhesion. To identify the AdnA regulon, we used a promoterless Tn5-lacZ element to study the phenotypes of insertion mutants in the presence and absence of AdnA. Of 12,000 insertions, we identified seven different putative open reading frames (ORFs) activated by AdnA (named aba for activated by AdnA). aba120 and aba177 showed homology to flgC and flgI, components of the basal body of the flagella in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Two other insertions, aba18 and aba51, disrupted genes affecting chemotaxis. The mutant loci aba160 (possibly affecting lipopolysaccharide synthesis) and aba175 (unknown function) led to loss of flagella. The mutant bearing aba203 became motile when complemented with adnA, but the mutated gene showed no similarity to known genes. Curiously, aba18, aba51, aba160, and aba203 mutants formed biofilms even in the absence of AdnA, suppressing the phenotype of the adnA deletion mutant. The combined findings suggest that flagella are nonessential for sand attachment or biofilm formation. Sequence and promoter analyses indicate that AdnA affects at least 23 ORFs either directly or by polar effects. These results support the concept that AdnA regulates cell processes other than those directly related to flagellar synthesis and define a broader cadre of genes in P. fluorescens than that described so far for its homolog, FleQ, in P. aeruginosa.

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Aquaporin AQP11 in the testis: molecular identity and association with the processing of residual cytoplasm of elongated spermatids

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-09-0298 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 139 (1) ◽

pp. 209-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

C H Yeung ◽

T G Cooper

Keyword(s):

Cell Types ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Molecular Forms ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Mrna And Protein Expression ◽

Intracellular Organelles ◽

Residual Bodies ◽

Reading Frames

AQP11 is one of the latest aquaporin (AQP) family members found, which differs from the other AQPs by its intracellular localisation and unusual water pore nucleotides with unclear function. Despite the highest mRNA expression among organs having been reported in the testis, the testicular molecule has not been studied in detail. Immunohistochemistry of rat adult testis localised AQP11 to the elongated spermatids (ES) and no other cell types except residual bodies inside Sertoli cells. It was absent from early ES at least until stage 13, and after a first diffuse appearance in the caudal cytoplasm became concentrated in intracellular organelles by stage 17, was strongest in vesicles in the anterior cytoplasm at the final ES stages and appeared in residual bodies. Staining was detected on the distal quarter of the sperm tail only immediately before spermiation. A similar localisation was found in the mouse and developmental profiles for both the open reading frame mRNA and protein expression in 8–50 dpp testis pinpointed its first appearance coinciding with late stage ES. Sequencing of PCR products of testicular Aqp11 containing the open reading frames confirmed a full match with GenBank databases for rat, mouse and human. Western blotting revealed two or more molecular forms with the 26/27 kDa species dominating in the rat/mouse testis and the 33/34 kDa form selectively allocated to the spermatozoa. In view of intracellular vacuolation leading to polycystic kidney in Aqp11-null mice, a possible role of testicular AQP11 in the recycling of surplus cytoplasmic components of the ES and sustaining Sertoli cell capacity in the support of spermatogenesis was discussed.

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