Serodiagnosis of Recently Acquired Toxoplasma gondii Infection with a Recombinant Antigen

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Shuli Li ◽  
Greg Maine ◽  
Yasuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Fausto G. Araujo ◽  
Gina Galvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Group I ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT A portion of a cDNA encoding a 35-kDa antigen from Toxoplasma gondii was cloned into the CKS expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli . By using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the recombinant protein (rP35 antigen) was examined for reactivity with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the sera of pregnant women. Of these women, 41 had a toxoplasma serologic profile suggestive of recently acquired T. gondii infection (Sabin-Feldman dye test [DT] titers from 1:256 to 1:32,000, positive IgM ELISA titers from 2.3 to 9.7, positive IgA ELISA from 1 to >28, and acute patterns in the differential agglutination [AC/HS] test) (group I), and 50 women had a toxoplasma serologic profile suggestive of infection acquired in the distant past (low DT titers from 1:16 to 1:512, negative IgM ELISA titers from 0 to 0.8, and chronic patterns in the AC/HS test) (group II). The classification of acute or chronic profile was based on the individual's clinical history as well as the combination of the results of the toxoplasma serological profile. An additional group (group III) was composed of sera from 50 women who were seronegative for T. gondii antibodies in the DT. The results revealed that whereas 85.3% of women in group I had IgG antibodies that reacted with the rP35 antigen, only 8% of women in group II had IgG antibodies that reacted with the same antigen. In immunoblots, the rP35 antigen was recognized by IgG antibodies in a pool of sera from individuals with a toxoplasma serologic profile compatible with acute infection but not in a pool of sera from individuals with a serologic profile characteristic of a chronic infection. These results reveal that IgG antibodies against the P35 antigen are produced during the acute stage of the infection but are uncommon in the latent or chronic phase of the infection. Thus, the rP35 antigen may be a useful serologic marker to differentiate between recently acquired infection and that acquired in the more distant past.

scholarly journals Detection of Immunoglobulin M Antibodies to P35 Antigen of Toxoplasma gondii for Serodiagnosis of Recently Acquired Infection in Pregnant Women

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 3967-3970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Raymund Ramirez ◽  
Cindy Press ◽  
Shuli Li ◽  
Stephen Parmley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Group I ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
Group Ii

We examined the efficiency of detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to a 35-kDa antigen (P35) of Toxoplasma gondiifor serodiagnosis of acute infection in pregnant women. A double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant P35 antigen (P35-IgM-ELISA) was used for this purpose. On the basis of the clinical history and the combination of results from the toxoplasma serological profile (Sabin-Feldman dye test, conventional IgM and IgA ELISAs, and the differential agglutination test), the patients were classified into three groups: group I, status suggestive of recently acquired infection; group II, status suggestive of infection acquired in the distant past; group III, status suggestive of persisting IgM antibodies. Eighteen (90.0%) of 20 serum samples from group I patients were positive by the P35-IgM-ELISA, whereas none of the 33 serum samples from group II patients were positive. Only 4 (25.0%) of 16 serum samples from group III patients were positive by the P35-IgM-ELISA, whereas all these serum samples were positive by the conventional IgM ELISA. These results indicate that demonstration of IgM antibodies against P35 by the P35-IgM-ELISA is more specific for the acute stage of the infection than demonstration of IgM antibodies by the ELISA that uses a whole-lysate antigen preparation. Studies with sera obtained from four pregnant women who seroconverted (IgG and IgM antibodies) during pregnancy revealed that two of them became negative by the P35-IgM-ELISA between 4 and 6 months after seroconversion, whereas the conventional IgM ELISA titers remained highly positive. The P35-IgM-ELISA appears to be useful for differentiating recently acquired infection from those acquired in the distant past in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Evolution of IgG antibody response against Toxoplasma gondii tissue cyst in acute and chronic human infections

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita VILLAVEDRA ◽  
Hernán CAROL ◽  
Alberto NIETO
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Tissue Cyst ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Toxoplasmic Infection ◽  
Human Infections

The recognition profile of the tissue cysts antigens by IgG antibodies was studied during acute and chronic human toxoplasmic infection. Thus the IgG response against Toxoplasma gondii was investigated by immunoblotting in two patients accidentally infected with the RH strain as well as in group of naturally infected patients at acute and chronic phase. There was an overall coincidence of molecular mass among antigens of tachyzoites and tissue cysts recognized by these sera, however, they appear not to be the same molecules. The response against tissue cysts starts early during acute infection, and the reactivity of antibodies is strong against a wide range of antigens. Six bands (between 82 and 151 kDa) were exclusively recognized by chronic phase sera but only the 132 kDa band was positive in more than 50% of the sera analysed. A mixture of these antigens could be used to discriminate between the two infection phases. The most important antigens recognized by the acute and the chronic phase sera were 4 clusters in the ranges 20-24 kDa, 34-39 kDa, 58-80 kDa and 105-130 kDa as well as two additional antigens of 18 and 29 kDa. Both accidentally infected patients and some of the naturally infected patients showed a weak specific response against tissue cyst antigens.

Evaluation of detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in animal blood samples by quantitative PCR

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-435
Author(s):  
Lenka Luptakova ◽  
Alexandra Valencakova ◽  
Pavol Balent ◽  
Beata Malcekova ◽  
Eva Petrovova
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

AbstractAim of the study: The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between the phase of infection (acute or persistent) and the ability of quantitative PCR to detect DNA of Toxoplasma gondii in circulating leukocytes in blood. Methodology: Animal serum samples were examined (50 sheep, 47 dogs, 32 dairy cows, 91 wild boars and 36 rabbits) for the occurrence of IgM and IgG antibodies to T. gondii by ELISA. Uncoagulated blood samples from the same animals were examined for the detection of T. gondii DNA in circulating leukocytes by real-time PCR. Results: Only IgM antibodies, characteristic for acute infection, were detected in 45 of the 256 serum samples (17.6%). Only IgG antibodies, corresponding with chronic infection, were detected in 120 of the 256 samples (46.8%). In 91 of the 256 samples (35.5%) neither IgM or IgG were detected by ELISA. For real-time PCR, animals were divided into three groups based on the serological results: (group I — acute infection, group II — chronic infection, and group III — no infection). In group I, the presence of T. gondii DNA was detected in 9 out of 45 samples (20%), whereas in group II only 1 of 120 samples was positive for T. gondii DNA (0.8%). In group III, no DNA of T. gondii (0/91 samples) was detected by real-time PCR. Significance: The proof of DNA by real-time PCR in IgM positive samples was statistically significant in comparison to IgG positive samples (P<0.0001).

scholarly journals Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii antigens with sera from toxoplasmosis patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de la Luz Galván-Ramírez ◽  
Cecilia Guillén-Vargas ◽  
Rafael Saavedra-Durán ◽  
Alfonso Islas-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Western Blot Test ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Infection Markers

Some proteins of the Toxoplasma gondii are recognized by IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies in patients with acute and chronic toxoplasmosis, depending on the strain and stage of the Toxoplasma. Sixty-nine sera from immunocompetent individuals were studied through the Western-Blot Test: 20 has an acute infection, 29 has a chronic toxoplasmosis infection and 20 were healthy (seronegatives). The protein analysis revealed by IgG and IgM antibodies were performed through the Immunoplot method in order to know their recognition frequency (f) and be valued as infection markers. In the acute phase, the IgM antibodies showed a recognition frequency (f = 0.60) for the 60kDa protein, and in the chronic phase the IgG antibodies showed a recognition frequency (f = 0.68) for the 12kDa protein. Seronegatives revealed no type of band. The protein of 12kDa can be a diagnostic marker of the chronic phase while protein 60kDa of the acute phase of toxoplasmosis.

Stimulus Vividness and Anxiety Level in Intentional—Incidental Learning

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn E. Miller ◽  
Joyce A. Dost
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Test ◽  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

High (Ha) and low (La) scorers on the MAS were instructed to alphabetize a deck of 30 words, 10 each of which were high, medium, or low vivid. Group I had 3 trials with incidental instructions (told only to sort), a recognition test of the words, three more trials with instructions to learn the words, and a second recognition test. Group II had 6 incidental sorting trials followed by a recognition test. It was hypothesized that Ha Ss would sort more efficiently and recognize fewer words because of a greater tendency to focus on fewer available cues. Findings in support of the hypothesis were that Ha Ss sorted more rapidly and more accurately, recognized fewer words, and showed greater disruption in the sorting task when instructed to learn the words. In addition, Ha Ss evidenced a “sensitized” reaction to medium vivid words.

Cytokine production and clinical and laboratory aspects of EBV-associated acute infectious mononucleosis in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
J.-C. Khakizimana ◽  
◽  
V.N. Timchenko ◽  
V.P. Novikova ◽  
O.P. Gurina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Acute Infectious Mononucleosis

Objective. To analyze clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as the dynamics of cytokine production in children of different ages with acute infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV mononucleosis). Patients and methods. We examined two groups of patients: group I included 20 children aged 1 to 7 years, whereas group II included 29 children aged 8 to 17 years. All study participants were tested in the acute phase of the disease and in early convalescence. We evaluated serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-α (IFN-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (standard Vektor-Best kits, Russia). Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2019 for Windows and IBM SPSS statistics; we applied the methods of non-parametric statistics. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results. The majority of children had fever, intoxication, acute tonsillitis, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Laboratory makers, such as lymphocytosis, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia were more pronounced in children from group II. In both groups, the level of cytokines in the acute period of the disease was higher than the discriminatory one. In early convalescence, patients from group I demonstrated more significant reduction in the cytokine level than patients from group II (р < 0.05). In children over 7 years of age, the levels of IL-10 and TNF-α positively correlated with the disease duration (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) Conclusion. The level of cytokine production in acute EBV mononucleosis depends on patients’ age. Concentrations of IL-10 and TNF-α can serve as markers reflecting the severity of EBV mononucleosis and can be used for disease prognosis. Key words: EBV mononucleosis, children, cytokines, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-α

scholarly journals THE COMPARISON OF DEEP NECK FLEXOR STRENGTHENING EXERICISE WITH MCKENZIE NECK EXERCISE FOR NECK POSTURE CORRECTION ON STUDENTS WITH FORWARD HEAD POSTURE AT SMA N 1 SEMARAPURA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Gede Eka Juli Prasana ◽  
I Nyoman Adiputra ◽  
I Made Krisna Dinata
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Group I ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

This study aims to compare deep neck flexor strengthening exercise intervention with mckenzie neck exercise to correct the neck posture of student with forward head posture. Using experimental design with Pre-Test and Post-Test Group Design involves a sample of 24 people divided into 2 groups. Group I was given deep neck flexor strengthening exercise intervention and Group II was given mckenzie neck exercise intervention. Hypothesis Test using paired sample t-test obtained result p = 0.592 with average difference in Group I 7.58 ± 4.39 whereas Group II got difference mean 8.5 ± 3.84. These results showed no significant difference in craniovertebral angle elevation before and after intervention in both groups. Keywords : forward head posture, craniovertebrae angle, deep neck flexor strengthening exercise, mckenzie neckexercise,

Chlamydia trachomatis : probable cause of prostatitis

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 350-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Ostaszewska ◽  
Bozena Zdrodowska-Stefanow ◽  
Jerzy Badyda ◽  
Katarzyna Pucilo ◽  
Jadwiga Trybula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Group I ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Group Ii

Summary: Seventy-eight men with symptoms of chronic or subacute prostatitis were enrolled. Investigations for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis in urethral swabs were carried out. The expressed prostatic secretions were additionally examined for Mycoplasma hominis , Ureaplasma urealyticum , Gardnerella vaginalis , other Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, Trichomonas vaginalis , yeast-like fungi and leucocyte count. Furthermore, all patients were evaluated for the presence of serum anti-chlamydial IgG antibodies. Signs of inflammation on the basis of the count of leucocytes per hpf in the prostatic secretions were detected in 42 patients (group I). Prostatodynia was found in the remaining 36 men (group II). In group I, chlamydial antigen was detected in the urethra and expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) in 6 (14.3%) and 9 (21.4%) patients, respectively. No evidence of current chlamydial infection was found in group II. The presence of serum anti-chlamydial IgG antibodies was demonstrated in 13/42 (30.9%) patients with prostatitis and in 3/36 (8.3%) patients with prostatodynia ( P 0.01). The results suggest that chlamydia may be one of the causative agents of chronic prostatitis. <

Comparison of salivary IgA and systemic IgA and IgG antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae in HIV-infected subjects

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Belazi ◽  
Alexandra Fleva ◽  
Drakoulis Drakoulakos ◽  
Despina Panayiotidou
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Significant Difference

Our objective was to investigate the concentrations of IgA and IgG antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae in whole saliva and serum samples from HIV-infected patients and to compare them with the corresponding antibody values of healthy controls. A cross-sectional design was used. The test group consisted of 23 HIV-infected male individuals, aged 20-41 years old, free of any other systemic disease. Twenty healthy subjects aged 27-43 years old served as controls. Whole unstimulated saliva and blood were collected from all subjects. IgA concentrations in saliva and IgA and IgG concentrations in serum were measured by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Salivary antibody concentrations were calculated by reference to a pooled standard saliva obtained from 10 healthy males with high levels of anti- S. cerevisiae antibody activity. Total IgA and IgG concentrations were measured by nephelometry/tholocymetry assay. No significant difference was observed in salivary specific IgA and serum specific IgG levels to S. cerevisiae, while serum specific IgA were significantly lower in HIV infected patients compared to control group. Opportunistic infections due to S. cerevisiae, although rare, cannot be dismissed. This yeast can show a potential virulence in debilitated patients, therefore, further extensive investigation should be considered.

Physical Activity Effects in Elderly Female: Evaluation through Six-minute Walking Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Merati ◽  
Alice Beretta ◽  
Luca Eid ◽  
Francesco Casolo ◽  
Nicola Lovecchio
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Walking Test ◽  
Elderly Female ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Experimental Group

Physical Activity Effects in Elderly Female: Evaluation through Six-minute Walking Test Study aim. Aerobic capacity is very important for elderly. Daily living activities, such as walking, doing housework and shopping, require a good strength, but also a good aerobic endurance. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of regular training activity on a typical daily action, such as deambulation. Material and methods. Twenty-six volunteer elderly women randomly divided into two groups, group II (age = 64,5 ± 3,58 years, weight = 61,67 ± 4,25 kg, height = 1,62 ± 0,04 m; BMI = 23,67 ± 1,79 kg m-2), group I (age = 65,21 ± 4,59 years, weight = 63,36 ± 7,59 kg, height = 1,62 ± 0,06 m; BMI = 24,1 ± 1,98 kg m-2) participated in this study. Groups performed endurance training for eight weeks (2 days per week, 1 hour each, for experimental group II; 1 day per week, 1 hour each, for experimental group I). Exercises involved in many possibilities of physical expression to keeping all body in motion for at least 30 min. During the second 30 min exercises for abdominal and lower limb muscles were proposed. The physical efficacy was tested through 6 min walking test. Results. After the training all people increased the distance in the test. Group II participants significantly improved their distance (pre-training = 636.25 m, post-training = 673.75 m). Group I reported also improvements (pre = 568.21 m; post = 600 m), but with a minor level of significance. Conclusions. Specific regular physical activity provides significant benefits adopting two sessions per week but it is also important do not underestimate the possibility, where people can not, of a one training session per week. Regular and adequate levels of physical activity allow improving daily living activity helping the elderly to keep their autonomy as long as possible.

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