scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity of the Yeast Mitochondrial One-Cys Peroxiredoxin Is Dependent on Thioredoxin Reductase and Glutathione In Vivo

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 3229-3240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Greetham ◽  
Chris M. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
Disulfide Bridge ◽  
Cysteine Residue ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Redox Partner ◽  
Thioredoxin System

ABSTRACT Peroxiredoxins are ubiquitous enzymes which protect cells against oxidative stress. The first step of catalysis is common to all peroxiredoxins and results in oxidation of a conserved peroxidatic cysteine residue to sulfenic acid. This forms an intermolecular disulfide bridge in the case of 2-Cys peroxiredoxins, which is a substrate for the thioredoxin system. 1-Cys Prx's contain a peroxidatic cysteine but do not contain a second conserved cysteine residue, and hence the identity of the in vivo reduction system has been unclear. Here, we show that the yeast mitochondrial 1-Cys Prx1 is reactivated by glutathionylation of the catalytic cysteine residue and subsequent reduction by thioredoxin reductase (Trr2) coupled with glutathione (GSH). This novel mechanism does not require the usual thioredoxin (Trx3) redox partner of Trr2 for antioxidant activity, although in vitro assays show that the Trr2/Trx3 and Trr2/GSH systems exhibit similar capacities for supporting Prx1 catalysis. Our data also indicate that mitochondria are a main target of cadmium-induced oxidative stress and that Prx1 is particularly required to protect against mitochondrial oxidation. This study demonstrates a physiological reaction mechanism for 1-Cys peroxiredoxins and reveals a new role in protection against mitochondrial heavy metal toxicity.

scholarly journals Mammalian thioredoxin reductase 1: roles in redox homoeostasis and characterization of cellular targets

2010 ◽  
Vol 430 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton A. Turanov ◽  
Sebastian Kehr ◽  
Stefano M. Marino ◽  
Min-Hyuk Yoo ◽  
Bradley A. Carlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Thioredoxin System

The classical Trx (thioredoxin) system, composed of TR (Trx reductase), Trx and NADPH, defines a major pathway of cellular thiol-based redox regulation. Three TRs have been identified in mammals: (i) cytosolic TR1, (ii) mitochondrial TR3 and (iii) testes-specific TGR (Trx-glutathione reductase). All three are selenocysteine-containing enzymes with broad substrate specificity in in vitro assays, but which protein substrates are targeted by TRs in vivo is not well understood. In the present study, we used a mechanism-based approach to characterize the molecular targets of TR1. Cytosolic Trx1 was the major target identified in rat and mouse liver, as well as in rat brain and mouse serum. The results suggest that the main function of TR1 is to reduce Trx1. We also found that TR1-based affinity resins provide a convenient tool for specific isolation of Trxs from a variety of biological samples. To better assess the role of TRs in redox homoeostasis, we comparatively analysed TR1- and TR3-knockdown cells. Although cells deficient in TR1 were particularly sensitive to diamide, TR3-knockdown cells were more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide. To further examine the TR1–Trx1 redox pair, we used mice with a liver-specific knockout of selenocysteine tRNA. In this model, selenocysteine insertion into TR1 was blocked, but the truncated form of this protein was not detected. Instead, TR1 and TR3 levels were decreased in the knockout samples. Diminished hepatic TR1 function was associated with elevated Trx1 levels, but this protein was mostly in the oxidized state. Overall, this study provides evidence for the key role of the TR1–Trx1 pair in redox homoeostasis.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Mahonia aquifolium Flower and Fruit Extracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra-Diana Andreicut ◽  
Alina Elena Pârvu ◽  
Augustin Cătălin Mot ◽  
Marcel Pârvu ◽  
Eva Fischer Fodor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mahonia Aquifolium ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Oxidative stress and inflammation are interlinked processes. The aim of the study was to perform a phytochemical analysis and to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic Mahonia aquifolium flower (MF), green fruit (MGF), and ripe fruit (MRF) extracts. Plant extract chemical composition was evaluated by HLPC. A DPPH test was used for the in vitro antioxidant activity. The in vivo antioxidant effects and the anti-inflammatory potential were tested on a rat turpentine oil-induced inflammation, by measuring serum nitric oxide (NOx) and TNF-alpha, total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant reactivity (TAR), oxidative stress index (OSI), 3-nitrothyrosine (3NT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total thiols (SH). Extracts were administrated orally in three dilutions (100%, 50%, and 25%) for seven days prior to inflammation. The effects were compared to diclofenac. The HPLC polyphenol and alkaloid analysis revealed chlorogenic acid as the most abundant compound. All extracts had a good in vitro antioxidant activity, decreased NOx, TOS, and 3NT, and increased SH. TNF-alpha was reduced, and TAR increased only by MF and MGF. MDA was not influenced. Our findings suggest that M. aquifolium has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that support the use in primary prevention of the inflammatory processes.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of the New Magnetic-Cerium Oxide Nanoconjugates

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turin-Moleavin ◽  
Fifere ◽  
Lungoci ◽  
Rosca ◽  
Coroaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles

Background. Cerium oxide nanoparticles present the mimetic activity of superoxide dismutase, being able to inactivate the excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) correlated with a large number of pathologies, such as stents restenosis and the occurrence of genetic mutations that can cause cancer. This study presents the synthesis and biological characterisation of nanoconjugates based on nanoparticles of iron oxide interconnected with cerium oxide conjugates. Methods. The synthesis of magnetite-nanoceria nanoconjugates has been done in several stages, where the key to the process is the coating of nanoparticles with polyethyleneimine and its chemical activation-reticulation with glutaraldehyde. The nanoconjugates are characterised by several techniques, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results. Iron oxide nanoparticles interconnected with cerium oxide nanoparticles were obtained, having an average diameter of 8 nm. Nanoconjugates prove to possess superparamagnetic properties and the saturation magnetisation varies with the addition of diamagnetic components in the system, remaining within the limits of biomedical applications. In vitro free-radical scavenging properties of nanoceria are improved after the coating of nanoparticles with polyethylenimine and conjugation with magnetite nanoparticles. In vivo studies reveal increased antioxidant activity in all organs and fluids collected from mice, which demonstrates the ability of the nanoconjugates to reduce oxidative stress. Conclusion. Nanoconjugates possess magnetic properties, being able to scavenge free radicals, reducing the oxidative stress. The combination of the two properties mentioned above makes them excellent candidates for theranostic applications.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of Agave sisalana Agro-Industrial Residue

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Maria Andrade Gomes Barreto ◽  
Cesar Orlando Muñoz Cadavid ◽  
Rafael Amir de Oliveira Moura ◽  
Giovanna Melo Martins Silva ◽  
Samara Vitória Ferreira de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
New Production ◽  
Industrial Residue ◽  
Agave Sisalana

Agave sisalana agro-industrial residue has considerable potential against damage associated with oxidative stress and skin aging. This study aims to demonstrate, in vitro and in vivo, the potential of Agave sisalana agro-industrial residue as a safe and effective alternative for the prevention of damage caused by oxidative stress and aging. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro (total antioxidant capacity, reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging, metal chelating (Fe2+ and Cu2+), and hydroxyl radical scavenging) and in vivo using the Caenorhabditis elegans organism model. The extract showed in vitro antioxidant activity in all tests performed. Tests with C. elegans showed that the extract was able to reduce the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increase the survival rate of worms. A downregulation of gst-4::GFP expression suggests a direct action against free radicals. Agave sisalana agro-industrial residue extract (AsRE) can therefore be considered as a source of antioxidant biomolecules, and the use of this agro-industrial residue in a new production process can lead to sustainability and socioeconomic development.

scholarly journals Testing of resveratrol microemulsion photostability and protective effect against UV induced oxidative stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaida Juškaitė ◽  
Kristina Ramanauskienė ◽  
Vitalis Briedis
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Biological Testing ◽  
Human Keratinocyte ◽  
Improved Stability ◽  
Rate Profile

Abstract Resveratrol is well known for its antioxidant activity and susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation. Development of formulations providing improved stability and relevant drug delivery of resveratrol is still a challenging task. The aim of this study was to determine protective characteristics of formulated microemulsions by evaluating photoisomerization of resveratrol and to investigate the effects of resveratrol on human keratinocyte cells under oxidative stress caused by ultraviolet radiation. Incorporation of resveratrol into microemulsions resulted in increased photostability of active compounds and the results demonstrated that photodegradation of resveratrol was significantly delayed. Results of biopharmaceutical evaluation in vitro demonstrated that up to 60 % of resveratrol was released from microemulsions within 6 hours under a constant release rate profile. In vivo biological testing confirmed the ability of resveratrol to protect cells from oxidative stress and to increase cell viability. It was concluded that microemulsions might be considered in the development of UV light sensitive compounds.

scholarly journals Control of Thioredoxin Reductase Gene (trxB) Transcription by SarA in Staphylococcus aureus

2009 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Ballal ◽  
Adhar C. Manna
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Oxidizing Agents

ABSTRACT Thioredoxin reductase (encoded by trxB) protects Staphylococcus aureus against oxygen or disulfide stress and is indispensable for growth. Among the different sarA family mutants analyzed, transcription of trxB was markedly elevated in the sarA mutant under conditions of aerobic as well as microaerophilic growth, indicating that SarA acts as a negative regulator of trxB expression. Gel shift analysis showed that purified SarA protein binds directly to the trxB promoter region DNA in vitro. DNA binding of SarA was essential for repression of trxB transcription in vivo in S. aureus. Northern blot analysis and DNA binding studies of the purified wild-type SarA and the mutant SarAC9G with oxidizing agents indicated that oxidation of Cys-9 reduced the binding of SarA to the trxB promoter DNA. Oxidizing agents, in particular diamide, could further enhance transcription of the trxB gene in the sarA mutant, suggesting the presence of a SarA-independent mode of trxB induction. Analysis of two oxidative stress-responsive sarA regulatory target genes, trxB and sodM, with various mutant sarA constructs showed a differential ability of the SarA to regulate expression of the two above-mentioned genes in vivo. The overall data demonstrate the important role played by SarA in modulating expression of genes involved in oxidative stress resistance in S. aureus.

scholarly journals Identification of phenolic secondary metabolites from Schotia brachypetala Sond. (Fabaceae) and demonstration of their antioxidant activities in Caenorhabditis elegans

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Sobeh ◽  
Esraa A ElHawary ◽  
Herbenya Peixoto ◽  
Rola M Labib ◽  
Heba Handoussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
C Elegans

Background: Schotia brachypetala Sond. (Fabaceae) is an endemic tree of Southern Africa whose phytochemistry and pharmacology were slightly studied.The present work aimed at profiling the major phenolics compounds present in the hydro-alcoholic extract from S. brachypetala leaves (SBE) using LC/HRESI/MS/MS and NMR and prove their antioxidant capabilities using novel methods. Methods: In vitro assays; DPPH, TEAC persulfate decolorizing kinetic and FRAP assays, and in vivo assays: Caenorhabditis elegans strains maintenance, Intracellular ROS in C. elegans, Survival assay, GFP expression and Subcellular DAF-16 localization were employed to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Results: More than forty polyphenols ,including flavonoid glycosides, galloylated flavonoid glycosides, isoflavones, dihydrochalcones, procyanidins, anthocyanins, hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, hydrolysable tannins, and traces of methylated and acetylated flavonoid derivatives were identified. Three compounds were isolated and identified from the genus Schotia for the first time, namely gallic acid, myricetin-3-O-α-L-1C4-rhamnoside and quercetin-3-O-L-1C4-rhamnoside.The tested extract was able to protect the worms against juglone induced oxidative stress and attenuate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. SBE was also able to attenuate the levels of heat shock protein (HSP) expression. Discussion: A pronounced antioxidant activity in vivo, which can be attributed to its ability to promote the nuclear translocation of DAF-16/FOXO, the main transcription factor regulating the expression of stress response genes. The remarkable antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo correlates to SBE rich phenolic profile.

scholarly journals The Zebrafish Embryo as a Model to Test Protective Effects of Food Antioxidant Compounds

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5786
Author(s):  
Cristina Arteaga ◽  
Nuria Boix ◽  
Elisabet Teixido ◽  
Fernanda Marizande ◽  
Santiago Cadena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Zebrafish Embryo ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
In Vivo Effects ◽  
Β Carotene

The antioxidant activity of food compounds is one of the properties generating the most interest, due to its health benefits and correlation with the prevention of chronic disease. This activity is usually measured using in vitro assays, which cannot predict in vivo effects or mechanisms of action. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo protective effects of six phenolic compounds (naringenin, apigenin, rutin, oleuropein, chlorogenic acid, and curcumin) and three carotenoids (lycopene B, β-carotene, and astaxanthin) naturally present in foods using a zebrafish embryo model. The zebrafish embryo was pretreated with each of the nine antioxidant compounds and then exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH), a known inducer of oxidative stress in zebrafish. Significant differences were determined by comparing the concentration-response of the tBOOH induced lethality and dysmorphogenesis against the pretreated embryos with the antioxidant compounds. A protective effect of each compound, except β-carotene, against oxidative-stress-induced lethality was found. Furthermore, apigenin, rutin, and curcumin also showed protective effects against dysmorphogenesis. On the other hand, β-carotene exhibited increased lethality and dysmorphogenesis compared to the tBOOH treatment alone.

Ochratoxin A presence in Cabernet Sauvignon wine changes antioxidant activity in vitro and oxidative stress markers in vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1755-1764
Author(s):  
Luana Schmidt ◽  
Natália de Vargas Heck ◽  
Ingrid Ferreira ◽  
Gabriela Göethel ◽  
Sabrina Somacal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Antioxidant Activity In vivo and Ex Vivo of Tautomeric Pair of Polyprenylated Benzophenone - Garcinielliptone FC (Platonia insignis Mart Seeds)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-293
Author(s):  
George Laylson da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Maria das Dores Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Maria da Conceição Oliveira Prado ◽  
Alexandre de Barros Falcão Ferraz ◽  
José Carlos Correia Lima da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Iron Citrate

Background: Garcinielliptone FC corresponds to a polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol having a benzophenonic core (diphenylmethanone) substituted with isoprenyl(s) group(s) (3-methyl-2-butenyl) and 2-isopropenyl-hex-5-enyl. Objective: The present work evaluated the antioxidant activity of garcinielliptone FC (GFC) in vitro against non-biological radicals [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2'-azinobis-3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+)] and ex vivo against oxidative damage induced by AAPH (2,2'-azobis-2-methylpropionamidine dihydrochloride) and iron/citrate ion in erythrocytes and mitochondria, respectively. Methods: In addition to the protective effect, the main biochemical indexes of oxidative stress, such as lipid peroxidation through the formation of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Results: According to the results obtained in erythrocytes, the antioxidant results at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.7, 1.5 and 3.0 mM were 26.34 ± 0.68, 43.39 ± 2.17, 62.27 ± 2.17, 86.69 ± 0.47 and 92.89 ± 0.45%, respectively, where GFC reduced the rate of oxidative hemolysis when compared to AAPH (p<0.05). The antioxidant activity observed in erythrocytes was also seen in mitochondria in which GFC reduced mitochondrial swelling by increasing the absorbance when compared to iron/citrate ion complex (p<0.05). In both biological models, GFC had an antioxidant effect on erythrocyte and mitochondrial redox balance when analyzing oxidative stress biomarkers, such as reduction of lipid peroxidation and inhibition of depletion in the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH levels. Conclusion: In conclusion, GFC had in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant activity against oxidative damage induced in erythrocytes and mitochondria acting on the erythrocytic and mitochondrial redox balance.

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