scholarly journals Computational Model To Quantify the Growth of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Wastewater

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indorica Sutradhar ◽  
Carly Ching ◽  
Darash Desai ◽  
Mark Suprenant ◽  
Emma Briars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The World ◽  
Wealth Of Nations

The rate at which antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has developed and spread throughout the world has increased in recent years, and according to the Review on Antimicrobial Resistance in 2014, it is suggested that the current rate will lead to AMR-related deaths of several million people by 2050 (Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, Tackling a Crisis for the Health and Wealth of Nations , 2014). One major reservoir of resistant bacterial populations that has been linked to outbreaks of drug-resistant bacterial infections but is not well understood is in wastewater settings, where antibiotic pollution is often present.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Clams—A Study on Mussels in the River Rhine

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Nicole Zacharias ◽  
Iris Löckener ◽  
Sarah M. Essert ◽  
Esther Sib ◽  
Gabriele Bierbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Bacterial infections have been treated effectively by antibiotics since the discovery of penicillin in 1928. A worldwide increase in the use of antibiotics led to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains in almost all bacterial pathogens, which complicates the treatment of infectious diseases. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria play an important role in increasing the risk associated with the usage of surface waters (e.g., irrigation, recreation) and the spread of the resistance genes. Many studies show that important pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria can enter the environment by the discharge of sewage treatment plants and combined sewage overflow events. Mussels have successfully been used as bio-indicators of heavy metals, chemicals and parasites; they may also be efficient bio-indicators for viruses and bacteria. In this study an influence of the discharge of a sewage treatment plant could be shown in regard to the presence of E. coli in higher concentrations in the mussels downstream the treatment plant. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, resistant against one or two classes of antibiotics and relevance for human health could be detected in the mussels at different sampling sites of the river Rhine. No multidrug-resistant bacteria could be isolated from the mussels, although they were found in samples of the surrounding water body.

scholarly journals Bacteriophages: the possible solution to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 865-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman El-Shibiny ◽  
Salma El-Sahhar
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Western World ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Since their discovery in 1915, bacteriophages have been used to treat bacterial infections in animals and humans because of their unique ability to infect their specific bacterial hosts without affecting other bacterial populations. The research carried out in this field throughout the 20th century, largely in Georgia, part of USSR and Poland, led to the establishment of phage therapy protocols. However, the discovery of penicillin and sulfonamide antibiotics in the Western World during the 1930s was a setback in the advancement of phage therapy. The misuse of antibiotics has reduced their efficacy in controlling pathogens and has led to an increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. As an alternative to antibiotics, bacteriophages have become a topic of interest with the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which are a threat to public health. Recent studies have indicated that bacteriophages can be used indirectly to detect pathogenic bacteria or directly as biocontrol agents. Moreover, they can be used to develop new molecules for clinical applications, vaccine production, drug design, and in the nanomedicine field via phage display.

scholarly journals A Degradation Product from Hydrolysate of Imipenem with Imis Broad-Spectrum Inhibits Metallo-β-Lactamases

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ge ◽  
Li-Wei Xu ◽  
Jian-Bin Zhen ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Miao Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Degradation Product ◽  
Substrate Inhibition ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Leaving Group ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Background: Infections caused by metallo-β-lactamases (MβLs)-producing antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a severe threat to public health. The synergistic use of current antibiotics in combination with MβL inhibitors is a promising therapeutic mode against these antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Objectives: The study aimed to probe the inhibition of MβLs and obtain the active component, P1, in the degradation product after imipenem was hydrolyzed by ImiS. Methods: The hydrolysis of two carbapenems with MβL ImiS was monitored by UV-Vis in real-time, and the degradation product from the leaving group produced after imipenem was hydrolyzed (but not for faropenem) was purified by HPLC to give one component, P1. Results: Kinetic assays revealed that P1 exhibited a broad-spectrum inhibition against VIM-2, NDM-1, ImiS, and L1, from three sub-classes of MβLs, with IC50 values of 8 - 32, 13.8 - 29.3, and 14.2 - 19.2 µM, using imipenem, cefazolin, and nitrocefin as substrates, respectively. Also, P1 showed synergistic antibacterial efficacy against drug-resistant Escherichia coli producing VIM-2, NDM-1, ImiS, and L1, in combination with antibiotics, restoring 16 to 32-fold and 32 to 128-fold efficacies of imipenem and cefazolin, respectively. Spectroscopic and Ellman's reagent analyses suggested that P1, a mercaptoethyl-form imidamide, is a mechanism-based inhibitor, while faropenem has no substrate inhibition, due to the lack of a leaving group. Conclusions: This work reveals that the hydrolysate of imipenem, a carbapenem with a good leaving group, can be used in screening for broad-spectrum inhibitors of MβLs.

The invisible pandemic: Antimicrobial resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Graham Cope
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The Invisible

Graham Cope looks at how antibiotic resistant bacteria have fared during the coronavirus pandemic

scholarly journals KHẢ NĂNG KHÁNG KHÁNG SINH CỦA VI KHUẨN BIỂN TẠI HÒN MỘT VỊNH NHA TRANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-489
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Mien ◽  
Dao Viet Ha ◽  
Nguyen Kim Hanh
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Average Radius ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
The World ◽  
Nha Trang Bay ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar

Drug resistance is now an issue of deep scientific concern all over the world as more antibiotic resistant bacteria have been detected in many regions and countries in recent years. Using of antibiotics for aquaculture is quite common in developing countries including Vietnam. This causes the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment. Testing of antibiotic resistant bacteria was carried out in commercial marine aquaculture and tourist zones in Hon Mot in the Nha Trang bay with five different antibiotics namely chloramphenicol, tetracycline, cefazolin, streptomycin, and gentamicin on Mueller Hinton Agar. A total of 18 strains composed of 14 Gram positive strains, 4 Gram negative strains were tested for antibiotic resistance. Strain KH1 showed the least sensitive to tetracycline with average radius of 4.0 mm, while strain T1 showed the least sensitive to streptomycin with average radius of 4.2 mm. The strains KH6 and T7 showed resistance to cefazolin with radius of inhibition zone of 0 mm and 2 mm, respectively. The strain KH6 was confirmed as Bacillus sp. Antibiotic resistant bacteria were now found in Nha Trang bay, so there may be additional resistant bacteria, even multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria outside the marine environment. This is a matter for further research that should provide solutions to limit the rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Targetable nano-delivery vehicles to deliver anti-bacterial small acid-soluble spore protein (SASP) genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. L. Barnard ◽  
James A. Cass
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Specific Target ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
New Treatment

Interest in phage-based therapeutics is increasing, at least in part due to the need for new treatment options for infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It is possible to use wild-type (WT) phages to treat bacterial infections, but it is also possible to modify WT phages to generate therapeutics with improved features. Here, we will discuss features of Phico Therapeutics’ SASPject technology, which modifies phages for use as targetable nano-delivery vehicles (NDV), to introduce antibacterial Small Acid Soluble Spore Protein (SASP) genes into specific target bacteria.

Tea: An anti-bacterial agent against drug resistant bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2506-2511
Author(s):  
Nayyab Sultan ◽  
Sabahat Javaid Butt ◽  
Wajeeha Mehak ◽  
Samreen Qureshi ◽  
Syed Hamza Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Agent ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Scientific World

Antibiotics have played a crucial role in the treatment of bacterial infections. Past few decades are marked with advancement of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens, which have endangered antibiotic’s therapeutic efficacy. Scientific world is now struggling with the crisis of MDR pathogens. This supreme matter demands careful attention or otherwise it would jeopardize clinical management of infectious diseases. Implication of alternative approaches can pave a new way in the treatment of these troublesome bacteria. Tea leaves are known to pose antibacterial activity against many pathogenic microorganisms. This review has summarized the antibacterial potential of tea leave’s extracts against resistant bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Acenitobacter spp, Campylobacter spp. Consumption of natural products such as tea may very well replace, minimize or obliterate this complicated situation. Keywords: Anti-bacterial, Tea, Camellia sinensis, Drug resistant bacteria, Antibiotic resistant bacteria, Synergism, Polyphenols.

scholarly journals Untreated Liquid Hospital Waste: Potential Source of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

2016 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Md Kamruzzaman Siddiqui ◽  
Nazma Khatoon ◽  
Pravas Chandra Roy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Antimicrobial resistance in both pathogenic and commensal bacteria is increasing steadily. Failure of antibiotic resistant bacteria containment is responsible for this expansion. Healthcare effluent acts as the store house of harmful infectious pathogens. Potential health risk includes spreading of diseases by these pathogens and wide dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes. The present study was carried out to investigate the multiple-drug resistance among the bacterial strains that were isolated and identified from the effluents of Jessore Medical College Hospital & Jessore Queen’s hospital private limited. Identified bacteria were E. coli , Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella spp.. Occurrence of E. coli and Enterobacter spp. were found to have the highest percentages and present in majority of the samples. The identified organisms antibiotic resistant pattern were analyzed by agar disc diffusion method against 6 antibiotics. Results of antibiotic susceptibility test showed that all of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (e”4). From the study, we observed that 75% of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, followed by Ampicillin (64%), Chloramphenicol (31%), Gentamycin (29%), Nitrofurantoin (27%) and least resistant being Ciprofloxacin 23%. Among the isolates Salmonella spp. were showed highest rate of resistance against all the used antibiotics. The result denotes that, the identified bacteria have been well exposed to the tested antimicrobials and they have established mechanisms to avoid them. Therefore, proper waste water treatment plant should be established to diminish the risk of disseminating multiple drug resistant microorganisms for the safeguard of public health.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 32, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2015, pp 21-24

scholarly journals Occurrence of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Aquatic Environments in Central Minnesota

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Bollin ◽  
Ellen Jensen ◽  
David Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Resistance Coefficients

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility that antibiotic resistant bacteria could be isolated and identified in aquatic ecosystems in the lakes on the campus of Saint John’s University and the nearby Sauk and Watab Rivers. A total of 125 isolates were collected. Seventy-nine percent of the isolates were gram negative rods. Twenty-six isolates that were resistant to seven or more antibiotics were selected for further investigation. The 26 isolates were all gram negative and members of seven different genera with Flavobacterium and Acinetobacter being the most common. Resistance coefficients were calculated based on optical density values relative to cells grown without antibiotics. Multi-drug resistant, gram negative bacteria were shown to be common in aquatic environments in central Minnesota.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistant bacteria and commensal fungi are common and conserved in the mosquito microbiome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Hyde ◽  
Courtney Gorham ◽  
Doug E. Brackney ◽  
Blaire Steven
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractThe emerging and increasing prevalence of bacterial antibiotic resistance is a significant public health challenge. To begin to tackle this problem, it will be critical to not only understand the origins of this resistance but also document environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance. In this study we investigated the possibility that both colony and field caught mosquitoes could harbor antibiotic resistant bacteria. Specifically, we characterized the antibiotic resistant bacterial populations from colony-reared Aedes aegypti larvae and adults and two field caught mosquito species Coquillettidia perturbans and Ochlerotatus canadensis. The cultured bacterial populations were dominated by isolates belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria. Among the antibiotic resistant populations, we found bacteria resistant to carbenicillin, kanamycin, and tetracycline, including bacteria resistant to a cocktail of all three antibiotics in combination. The antibiotic resistant bacteria were numerically rare, at most 5% of total cell counts. Isolates were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and clustering into Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs; 99% sequence identity). 27 antibiotic resistant OTUs were identified, although members of an OTU did not always share the same resistance profile. This suggests the clustering was either not sensitive enough to distinguish different bacteria taxa or different antibiotic resistant sub-populations exist within an OTU. Finally, the antibiotic selection opened up a niche to culture mosquito-associated fungi, and 10 fungal OTUs (28S rRNA gene sequencing) were identified. Two fungal OTUs both classified to the class Microbotryomycetes were commonly identified in the field-caught mosquitoes. Thus, in this study we demonstrate that antibiotic resistant bacteria and certain fungi are common and conserved mosquito microbiome members. These observations highlight the potential of invertebrates to serve as vehicles for the spread of antibiotic resistance throughout the environment.

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