scholarly journals Target Discovery for Host-Directed Antiviral Therapies: Application of Proteomics Approaches

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Cakir ◽  
Kirsten Obernier ◽  
Antoine Forget ◽  
Nevan J. Krogan
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Target Discovery ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
The One

Current epidemics, such as HIV or influenza, and the emergence of new threatening pathogens, such as the one causing the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, represent major global health challenges. While vaccination is an important part of the arsenal to counter the spread of viral diseases, it presents limitations and needs to be complemented by efficient therapeutic solutions.

scholarly journals Antiviral therapies against Ebola and other emerging viral diseases using existing medicines that block virus entry

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Long ◽  
Edward Wright ◽  
Eleonora Molesti ◽  
Nigel Temperton ◽  
Wendy Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Marburg Virus ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Emerging Viral Diseases ◽  
Global Population

Emerging viral diseases pose a threat to the global population as intervention strategies are mainly limited to basic containment due to the lack of efficacious and approved vaccines and antiviral drugs. The former was the only available intervention when the current unprecedented Ebolavirus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa began. Prior to this, the development of EBOV vaccines and anti-viral therapies required time and resources that were not available. Therefore, focus has turned to re-purposing of existing, licenced medicines that may limit the morbidity and mortality rates of EBOV and could be used immediately. Here we test three such medicines and measure their ability to inhibit pseudotype viruses (PVs) of two EBOV species, Marburg virus (MARV) and avian influenza H5 (FLU-H5). We confirm the ability of chloroquine (CQ) to inhibit viral entry in a pH specific manner. The commonly used proton pump inhibitors, Omeprazole and Esomeprazole were also able to inhibit entry of all PVs tested but at higher drug concentrations than may be achievedin vivo. We propose CQ as a priority candidate to consider for treatment of EBOV.

scholarly journals Securitising Covid-19? The Politics of Global Health and the Limits of the Copenhagen School

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-257
Author(s):  
Daniel Edler Duarte ◽  
Marcelo M. Valença
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Critical Security Studies ◽  
Scientific Controversies ◽  
Copenhagen School ◽  
State Surveillance ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
The One

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked controversies over health security strategies adopted in different countries. The urge to curb the spread of the virus has supported policies to restrict mobility and to build up state surveillance, which might induce authoritarian forms of government. In this context, the Copenhagen School has offered an analytical repertoire that informs many analyses in the fields of critical security studies and global health. Accordingly, the securitisation of COVID-19 might be necessary to deal with the crisis, but it risks unfolding discriminatory practices and undemocratic regimes, with potentially enduring effects. In this article, we look into controversies over pandemic-control strategies to discuss the political and analytical limitations of securitisation theory. On the one hand, we demonstrate that the focus on moments of rupture and exception conceals security practices that unfold in ongoing institutional disputes and over the construction of legitimate knowledge about public health. On the other hand, we point out that securitisation theory hinders a genealogy of modern apparatuses of control and neglects violent forms of government which are manifested not in major disruptive acts, but in the everyday dynamics of unequal societies. We conclude by suggesting that an analysis of the bureaucratic disputes and scientific controversies that constitute health security knowledges and practices enables critical approaches to engage with the multiple – and, at times, mundane – processes in which (in)security is produced, circulated, and contested.

Powerful Allies and Weak Consensus: Towards a Deeper Understanding of how Health-Harming Industries Seek to Influence Global Health Governance; Comment on "Competing Frames in Global Health Governance: An Analysis of Stakeholder Influence on the Political Declaration on Non-Communicable Diseases"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Zenone ◽  
Benjamin Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Global Health Governance ◽  
Commercial Sector ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The One

Suzuki et al. have identified commonalities in the policy positions adopted at a global forum by commercial sector actors and high-income countries, on the one hand, and non-governmental organizations and low- and middle-income countries, on the other, in ways that may allow commercial sector actors to block or delay evidence-based policies through the creation of political controversy. The ability of industry actors to draw on the support of the most politically and economically powerful countries for their favoured policy agenda is an important contribution to understanding the dynamics of global health governance in the area of non-communicable diseases and beyond. Here we assess the relevance of this paper for the field of corporate actors’ research and the potential avenues this opens up for further study. More specifically we emphasize the need for comparative, cross disciplinary research to examine the power of heath-harming industries and the relevance of these findings for decolonizing global health.

scholarly journals Health and Well-Being Consequences for Gender Violence Survivors from Isolating Gender Violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8626
Author(s):  
Adriana Aubert ◽  
Ramon Flecha
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Health And Well Being

Recent scientific literature has published about the Isolating Gender Violence (IGV), the violence exerted by harassers against those who support their victims. IGV provokes suffering to advocates with health and well-being consequences that have been analyzed by more recent research; but IGV provokes also suffering on the victims of gender violence when they see the suffering of those who have supported them and also for their isolation. Thus, the aim of the present study is to explore the health and well-being consequences of IGV on gender violence survivors. The methodology includes three narratives of gender violence survivors whose advocates supporting them were victimized by IGV. The results show, on the one hand, an increase of the health and well-being effects of gender violence already analyzed by scientific literature; on the other hand, new health and well-being effects appear. All survivors interviewed say that, besides those new consequences for their health, the support of those advocates has decreased the global health effects of the total gender violence they suffered.

scholarly journals Lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic: sustainability is an indispensable condition of Global Health Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deisy de Freitas Lima Ventura ◽  
Gabriela Marques di Giulio ◽  
Danielle Hanna Rached
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The One

Abstract Among the possible developments of the Covid-19 pandemic at the international and national levels is the advancement of the Global Health Security (GHS) agenda. On the one hand, GHS might be able to give priority to health problems on the political agenda-setting, on the other, however, it might open up space for public security actors in decision-making processes to the detriment of the power of health authorities. This article critically analyzes the concept and the progress of the GHS agenda seeking to demonstrate that there can be no security in matters of public health when sustainability in its multiple dimensions is not taken into account. At the end, sustainability has a twofold responsibility: to maintain the consistency and permanence of emergency response actions, especially with investments in public health systems, with universal access, and to minimize the structural causes of pandemics linked to the environment.

scholarly journals Slavoj Žižek, Pandemic! COVID-19 Shakes the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. xlix-l
Author(s):  
Shehzad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Global Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Disaster Capitalism ◽  
Global Health Care ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization

One of the major themes of the book is to recognize the seriousness of the situation and its possible outcomes. Žižek informs us that the only possible way to face the challenge is to realize that world leaders should unite and develop a global health care system presided over by the World Health organization. As it is obvious that almost every crisis creates opportunities of some kind Žižek seems to argue that in the current disaster there is potential for communism (though not the one of 20th century type but the one) based on human cooperation. As he says: “it should be a disaster communism as an antidote to the disaster capitalism.”

scholarly journals Mycelial inhibition of Trichoderma spp. isolated from the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus with an extract of Pycnoporus sp.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaid Talavera-Ortiz ◽  
Priscila Chaverri ◽  
Gerardo Diaz-Godinez ◽  
Ma de Lourdes Acosta-Urdapilleta ◽  
Elba Villegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Lignocellulosic Substrate ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Mycelial Growth Rate ◽  
The One

Abstract:Background and Aims: The production of edible fungi is affected by bacterial, fungal and viral diseases, which very often cause large losses. In the productionof mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus, the fungi of Trichoderma spp. represent a serious problem of contamination and although there are some chemical compoundsthat control the infection, they are not entirely safe for human consumption. As a consequence, alternatives are being searched for through biotechnology,such as the one presented in this paper.Methods: Strains of fungi of the genus Trichoderma were isolated from the substrate where Pleurotus ostreatus was being cultivated. These were identifiedmorphologically and molecularly, followed by tests to inhibit the growth of Trichoderma strains in both agar and wheat straw, using a cetonic extract of thedehydrated fruiting body of Pycnoporus sp.Key results: Two strains of Trichoderma (T. pleuroti and T. atrobrunneum, belonging to the clade of T. harzianum) were isolated from infected substrate obtainedin production modules of Pleurotus ostreatus located in Tlaquitenango and Cuernavaca, in the state of Morelos, Mexico. The effect of a cetonic extract of thefruiting body of Pycnoporus sp. on the mycelial growth of the isolated strains of Trichoderma was also evaluated, observing decrease in mycelial growth rate inPetri dish up to 72% and on lignocellulosic substrate both mycelial growth and sporulation were delayed up to 10 days.Conclusions: The extract of Pycnoporus sp. could be an alternative to control the infection by Trichoderma spp. in mushroom cultures of the genus Pleurotus.Key words: disease control, edible mushrooms, lignocellulosic substrate. 

An Insight into Nanomedicinal Approaches to Combat Viral Zoonoses

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 915-962
Author(s):  
Prasad Minakshi ◽  
Mayukh Ghosh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Basanti Brar ◽  
Upendra P. Lambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Background: Emerging viral zoonotic diseases are one of the major obstacles to secure the “One Health” concept under the current scenario. Current prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches often associated with certain limitations and thus proved to be insufficient for customizing rapid and efficient combating strategy against the highly transmissible pathogenic infectious agents leading to the disastrous socio-economic outcome. Moreover, most of the viral zoonoses originate from the wildlife and poor knowledge about the global virome database renders it difficult to predict future outbreaks. Thus, alternative management strategy in terms of improved prophylactic vaccines and their delivery systems; rapid and efficient diagnostics and effective targeted therapeutics are the need of the hour. Methods: Structured literature search has been performed with specific keywords in bibliographic databases for the accumulation of information regarding current nanomedicine interventions along with standard books for basic virology inputs. Results: Multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine have proved to be an effective alternative in all the aspects regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and control of zoonotic viral diseases. The current review is focused to outline the applications of nanomaterials as anti-viral vaccines or vaccine/drug delivery systems, diagnostics and directly acting therapeutic agents in combating the important zoonotic viral diseases in the recent scenario along with their potential benefits, challenges and prospects to design successful control strategies. Conclusions: This review provides significant introspection towards the multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine to combat several important zoonotic viral diseases.

A Place for All at the Global Health Table: A Case Study about Creating an Interprofessional Global Health Project

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Rowthorn
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Project ◽  
The One

Many ideas grow better when transplanted into another mind than the one where they sprang up.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance: One Health One World Outlook

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Aslam ◽  
Mohsin Khurshid ◽  
Muhammad Imran Arshad ◽  
Saima Muzammil ◽  
Maria Rasool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Global Health ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The One

Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a growing public health concern worldwide, and it is now regarded as a critical One Health issue. One Health’s interconnected domains contribute to the emergence, evolution, and spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms on a local and global scale, which is a significant risk factor for global health. The persistence and spread of resistant microbial species, and the association of determinants at the human-animal-environment interface can alter microbial genomes, resulting in resistant superbugs in various niches. ABR is motivated by a well-established link between three domains: human, animal, and environmental health. As a result, addressing ABR through the One Health approach makes sense. Several countries have implemented national action plans based on the One Health approach to combat antibiotic-resistant microbes, following the Tripartite’s Commitment Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)-World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)-World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The ABR has been identified as a global health concern, and efforts are being made to mitigate this global health threat. To summarize, global interdisciplinary and unified approaches based on One Health principles are required to limit the ABR dissemination cycle, raise awareness and education about antibiotic use, and promote policy, advocacy, and antimicrobial stewardship.

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