scholarly journals The Use of Flocked Swabs with a Protective Medium Increases the Recovery of Live Brucella spp. and DNA Detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Freddi ◽  
Vitomir Djokic ◽  
Fathia Petot-Bottin ◽  
Guillaume Girault ◽  
Ludivine Perrot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Dna Detection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Protective Medium ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

In order to protect public and veterinary health from highly zoonotic bacteria such as members of the genus Brucella and prevent their dissemination into the environment, direct diagnostics are of utmost importance. However, in addition to the highly specific diagnostic tests, the sampling methods, time necessary for specimens to reach the laboratories, and transport conditions are important factors to consider in order to increase the sensitivity of performed tests, especially bacterial culturing and qPCR.

scholarly journals Droplet- Rather than Aerosol-Mediated Dispersion Is the Primary Mechanism of Bacterial Transmission from Contaminated Hand-Washing Sink Traps

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shireen M. Kotay ◽  
Rodney M. Donlan ◽  
Christine Ganim ◽  
Katie Barry ◽  
Bryan E. Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Air Sampling ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Green Fluorescent

ABSTRACT An alarming rise in hospital outbreaks implicating hand-washing sinks has led to widespread acknowledgment that sinks are a major reservoir of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in patient care areas. An earlier study using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Escherichia coli (GFP-E. coli) as a model organism demonstrated dispersal from drain biofilms in contaminated sinks. The present study further characterizes the dispersal of microorganisms from contaminated sinks. Replicate hand-washing sinks were inoculated with GFP-E. coli, and dispersion was measured using qualitative (settle plates) and quantitative (air sampling) methods. Dispersal caused by faucet water was captured with settle plates and air sampling methods when bacteria were present on the drain. In contrast, no dispersal was captured without or in between faucet events, amending an earlier theory that bacteria aerosolize from the P-trap and disperse. Numbers of dispersed GFP-E. coli cells diminished substantially within 30 minutes after faucet usage, suggesting that the organisms were associated with larger droplet-sized particles that are not suspended in the air for long periods. IMPORTANCE Among the possible environmental reservoirs in a patient care environment, sink drains are increasingly recognized as a potential reservoir to hospitalized patients of multidrug-resistant health care-associated pathogens. With increasing antimicrobial resistance limiting therapeutic options for patients, a better understanding of how pathogens disseminate from sink drains is urgently needed. Once this knowledge gap has decreased, interventions can be engineered to decrease or eliminate transmission from hospital sink drains to patients. The current study further defines the mechanisms of transmission for bacteria that colonize sink drains.

scholarly journals DNA Detection and Genotypic Identification of Potentially Human-Pathogenic Microsporidia from Asymptomatic Pet Parrots in South Korea as a Risk Factor for Zoonotic Emergence

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (23) ◽  
pp. 8442-8444 ◽  
Author(s):  
So-Young Lee ◽  
Sung-Seok Lee ◽  
Young S. Lyoo ◽  
Hee-Myung Park
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Dna Detection ◽  
Encephalitozoon Cuniculi ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microsporidian Infection ◽  
Genotypic Identification ◽  
Genotype Ii

ABSTRACTWe detected and identified genotypes of human-pathogenic microsporidia in fecal samples from 51 asymptomatic captive-bred pet parrots in South Korea. Microsporidia were identified in 8 samples (15.7%); 7 parrots tested positive forEncephalitozoon hellem, and 1 parrot tested positive for bothE. hellemandEncephalitozoon cuniculi. In genotypic identifications,E. hellemwas present in genotypes 1A and 2B andE. cuniculiwas present in genotype II. Pet parrots might be a source of human microsporidian infection.

A different and simple approach for comparing sampling methods in quality control

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel do Carmo ◽  
Paulo Infante ◽  
Jorge M Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Lifetime Distributions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Decreasing Failure Rate

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure the performance of a sampling method through the average number of samples drawn in control. Design/methodology/approach – Matching the adjusted average time to signal (AATS) of sampling methods, using as a reference the AATS of one of them the paper obtains the design parameters of the others. Thus, it will be possible to obtain, in control, the average number of samples required, so that the AATS of the mentioned sampling methods may be equal to the AATS of the method that the paper uses as the reference. Findings – A more robust performance measure to compare sampling methods because in many cases the period of time where the process is in control is greater than the out of control period. With this performance measure the paper compares different sampling methods through the average total cost per cycle, in systems with Weibull lifetime distributions: three systems with an increasing hazard rate (shape parameter β=2, 4 and 7) and one system with a decreasing failure rate (β=0, 8). Practical implications – In a usual production cycle where the in control period is much larger than the out of control period, particularly if the sampling costs and false alarms costs are high in relation to malfunction costs, the paper thinks that this methodology allows us a more careful choice of the appropriate sampling method. Originality/value – To compare the statistical performance between different sampling methods using the average number of samples need to be inspected when the process is in control. Particularly, the paper compares the statistical and economic performance between different sampling methods in contexts not previously considered in literature. The paper presents an approximation for the average time between the instant that failure occurs and the first sample with the process out of control, as well.

Giant lateral sinus pericranii

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Spektor ◽  
Gerald Weinberger ◽  
Shlomo Constantini ◽  
John M. Gomori ◽  
Liana Beni-Adani
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Lateral Sinus ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sinus Pericranii ◽  
Tomography Scanning ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A case of giant lateral sinus pericranii, which presented in a patient during early childhood as a soft, collapsible mass and gradually grew until it reached 13 × 9 cm when the patient was 36 years of age, is reported. The patient underwent successful surgery and the lesion was totally excised. The results of diagnostic tests (computerized tomography scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, cerebral angiography, and sinusography) and surgery-related problems are presented and discussed.

Interdigitated microelectrode geometry for simple electrical Escherichia coli O157:H7 DNA detection

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharipah Nadzirah ◽  
Uda Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dna Detection ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Nanoparticle Deposition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Uniformity ◽  
Interdigitated Microelectrode ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Photolithography Process

Purpose The purpose of this study is to fabricate a transducer-based TiO2 interdigitated microelectrodes with various gap sizes. The most stable electrical properties have been selected for Escherichia. coli O157:H7 DNA detection. Design/methodology/approach Sol-gel was used to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles. Lift-off photolithography process was used for fabrication of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) and dry-state DNA detection was done using a Picoammeter. Findings TiO2 nanoparticles IDEs with 16-um gap size is able to detect DNA of E. coli in a dry state. Originality/value This paper describes IDEs for dry-state detection of E. coli O157:H7 DNA. The technique presented in this paper ensures the high uniformity of nanoparticle deposition on the finger electrode.

scholarly journals Clinical Microbiology Laboratories' Adoption of Culture-Independent Diagnostic Tests Is a Threat to Foodborne-Disease Surveillance in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari Shea ◽  
Kristy A. Kubota ◽  
Hugh Maguire ◽  
Stephen Gladbach ◽  
Amy Woron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Public Health Laboratory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Culture Independent

INTRODUCTION In November 2015, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sent a letter to state and territorial epidemiologists, state and territorial public health laboratory directors, and state and territorial health officials. In this letter, culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) for detection of enteric pathogens were characterized as “a serious and current threat to public health surveillance, particularly for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Salmonella .” The document says CDC and its public health partners are approaching this issue, in part, by “reviewing regulatory authority in public health agencies to require culture isolates or specimen submission if CIDTs are used.” Large-scale foodborne outbreaks are a continuing threat to public health, and tracking these outbreaks is an important tool in shortening them and developing strategies to prevent them. It is clear that the use of CIDTs for enteric pathogen detection, including both antigen detection and multiplex nucleic acid amplification techniques, is becoming more widespread. Furthermore, some clinical microbiology laboratories will resist the mandate to require submission of culture isolates, since it will likely not improve patient outcomes but may add significant costs. Specimen submission would be less expensive and time-consuming for clinical laboratories; however, this approach would be burdensome for public health laboratories, since those laboratories would need to perform culture isolation prior to typing. Shari Shea and Kristy Kubota from the Association of Public Health Laboratories, along with state public health laboratory officials from Colorado, Missouri, Tennessee, and Utah, will explain the public health laboratories' perspective on why having access to isolates of enteric pathogens is essential for public health surveillance, detection, and tracking of outbreaks and offer potential workable solutions which will allow them to do this. Marc Couturier of ARUP Laboratories and Melissa Miller of the University of North Carolina will explain the advantages of CIDTs for enteric pathogens and discuss practical solutions for clinical microbiology laboratories to address these public health needs.

scholarly journals An Update on Clostridium difficile Toxinotyping

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Rupnik ◽  
Sandra Janezic
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Heterogenous Group ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Toxinotyping is a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-based method for differentiation ofClostridium difficilestrains according to the changes in the pathogenicity locus (PaLoc), a region coding for toxins A and B. Toxinotypes are a heterogenous group of strains that are important in the development of molecular diagnostic tests and vaccines and are a good basis forC. difficilephylogenetic studies. Here we describe an overview of the 34 currently known toxinotypes (I to XXXIV) and some changes in nomenclature.

scholarly journals A New Development in Trypanosoma cruzi Detection

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 690-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert B. Tanowitz ◽  
Louis M. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Development ◽  
Proteomic Study ◽  
Associated Proteins

ABSTRACT Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in areas of Latin America where Chagas disease is endemic and among infected individuals who have migrated to nonendemic areas of North America and Europe. There are many diagnostic tests that are employed in the serological diagnosis of this infection. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology , Bautista-López et al. provide characterization of excretory vesicles (EVs) from Vero cells infected with T. cruzi and provide data on the EVs produced by trypomastigotes and amastigotes (N. L. Bautista-López et al., J Clin Microbiol 55:744–758, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01649-16 ). Their proteomic study defines potential targets to evaluate for improved diagnostic tests, effects on host cell biology that contribute to the pathogenesis of infection, and vaccine candidates. If any of the EV-associated proteins identified were to be correlated to cure of infection, this would be a major advance.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium bovis DNA Detection in Colostrum as a Potential Indicator of Vaccination Effectiveness against Bovine Tuberculosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E. Herrera-Rodríguez ◽  
María Alejandra Gordiano-Hidalgo ◽  
Gonzálo López-Rincón ◽  
Luis Bojorquez-Narváez ◽  
Francisco Javier Padilla-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Dna Detection ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Culture Filtrate Proteins

ABSTRACTBovine tuberculosis (bTB) remains a problem on many dairy farms in Mexico, as well as a public health risk. We previously found a high frequency ofMycobacterium bovisDNA in colostrum from dairy cows using a nested PCR to detectmpb70. Since there are no reliablein vivotests to determine the effectiveness of boosterMycobacterium bovisBCG vaccination against bTB, in this work we monitoredM. bovisDNA in colostrum by using this nested PCR. In order to decrease the risk of adverse reactions in animals likely containing viableM. bovis, a single application of BCG and a subunit vaccine (EEP-1) formulated withM. bovisculture filtrate proteins (CFP) and a copolymer as the adjuvant was performed in tuberculin skin test-negative cattle (TST−), while TST reactor animals (TST+) received EEP-1 only. Booster immunization using EEP-1 was applied to both groups, 2 months after primary vaccination to whole herds and 12 months later to lactating cows. Colostrum samples were collected from 6 farms where the cows were vaccinated over a 12-month period postvaccination and, for comparison, from one control farm where the cows were not vaccinated with comparable bTB prevalence. We observed an inverse relationship between the frequency ofM. bovisDNA detection and time postvaccination at the first (P< 0.001) and second (P< 0.0001) 6-month periods. Additionally, the concentration of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was higher inmpb70PCR-positive colostrum samples (P= 0.0003). These results suggest thatM. bovisDNA frequency in colostrum could be a potentially useful biomarker for bTB vaccine efficacy on commercial dairy farms.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequence of the Mycoplasma mucosicanis Type Strain

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Tallmadge ◽  
Patrick K. Mitchell ◽  
Renee Anderson ◽  
Rebecca Franklin-Guild ◽  
Laura B. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Content Type

Whole-genome sequencing of Mycoplasma mucosicanis type strain 1642 was performed to support efforts to better understand the clinical significance of Mycoplasma infection in canine health. The availability of this sequence will also further the development of highly specific diagnostic tests.

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