Rittmann’s heritage: A philosophical approach for current research

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Musumeci ◽  
Arnaldo Angelo De Benedetti ◽  
Stefano Branca ◽  
Luigi Ingaliso
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Scientific Background ◽  
Pluralistic Approach ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
Working Hypotheses

ABSTRACT We present an interdisciplinary study between philosophy and science that uses a historical case to show some aspects of scientific research. The case in question is that of Alfred F. Rittmann (1893–1980), known as one of the central figures of twentieth-century volcanology. After outlining Rittmann’s scientific background and hypotheses, we briefly examine the set of his theories using Thomas Kuhn’s model of the development of science. We highlight the methodology of multiple working hypotheses and how they contributed to defining his geoscientific paradigm, namely, magmatological tectonics. Rittmann worked on his paradigm throughout his life, even making little-known criticisms on plate tectonics. We present some of them, contextualizing them in twentieth-century as well as current research. His use of multiple working hypotheses, along with his drive to search for synthetic visions between different models, could be a stimulating and pluralistic approach to unsolved geoscientific questions.

Michael Clegg (1933–1995): from naturalist to environmental correspondent in the multi-media age

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Scientific Background ◽  
The Media ◽  
Multi Media

The coverage of natural history in British newspapers has evolved from a “Nature notes” format – usually a regular column submitted by a local amateur naturalist – to professional, larger-format, presentations by dedicated environmental correspondents. Not all such environmental correspondents, however, have natural-history expertise or even a scientific background. Yorkshire's Michael Clegg was a man who had a life-long love of nature wedded to a desire to communicate that passion. He moved from a secure position in the museum world (with a journalistic sideline) to become a freelance newspaper journalist and (subsequently) commentator on radio and television dealing with, and campaigning on, environmental issues full-time. As such, he exemplified the transition in how natural history coverage in the media evolved in the final decades of the twentieth century reflecting modern concerns about biodiversity, conservation, pollution and sustainable development.

Education as a subject of philosophy

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
A.M. Mirzakhmedov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Global Information ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Specialized Education ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
Philosophical Understanding

Discussed is upbringing as a socio-cultural characteristic of social experience, which makes it possible to form an idea of ​​upbringing as a necessity for social progress in philosophical thought. A complex of philosophical and pedagogical methods is used: analysis, synthesis, comparison, discourse analysis of educational programs, secondary analysis of the results of sociological research. It is determined that modern pedagogy is characterized by a crisis of the educational process, which has arisen with an urgent need for a philosophical understanding of the problem of education. The purpose of this work is to analyze the specifics of a philosophical approach to the phenomenon of education as a process of socio-philosophical research. In this regard, a need arose to study the essence of the phenomenon of education in the context of global information technology. According to the authors, the philosophy of upbringing is the most important factor in the interdisciplinary study of the problems of upbringing for the improvement of society. n arguing this issue, the authors are based on the pedagogical concepts of famous philosophers who determined the development of pedagogy of the last century. Thus, the authors propose to include in the curriculum the course “Philosophy of Education” that exists in the universities of the CIS. The authors of the articles identified the priorities of the effectiveness of higher and secondary specialized education in interdisciplinary research of the problem of education.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jenny Tone-Pah-Hote
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Expressive Culture ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cultural Negotiation ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

This is an interdisciplinary study of how Kiowa men and women made, wore, displayed and discussed expressive culture. Kiowa men and women used the arts to represent new ways of understanding and representing Kiowa identity that resonated with their changed circumstances during the Progressive Era and twentieth century. Kiowas represented themselves individually and collectively through cultural production that emphasized the significance of change and cultural negotiation, gender, the ties and tensions over tribally specific and intertribal identities.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bruce Isaacs
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sound Design ◽  
Rear Window ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Moving Image ◽  
New Hollywood ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
Film Style ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lengthy Discussion

Hitchcock’s clearest articulation of a pure cinema method appears in a lengthy discussion with François Truffaut in 1962. Discussing landmark works such as Rear Window and Vertigo, Hitchcock frames pure cinema as a philosophical approach to film style. It is both medium-specific and part of a larger narrative describing the evolution of moving image art forms in the twentieth century. The introduction situates the relationship between Hitchcock and his “imitators,” filmmakers who reflexively evolved the pure cinema method. Brian De Palma emerges in the 1970s as the Hitchcockian imitator par excellence, the New Hollywood director who strove to take Hitchcock’s pure cinematic method further in terms of mise en scène, montage, and sound design.

Book Review: The Great Society Subway: A History of the Washington Metro, Transport of Delight: The Mythical Conception of Rail Transit in Los Angeles, Rêves parisiens: L'échec de projets de transport public en France au XIXe siècle, Histoire des chemins de fer en France (History of railways in France) II, Le ferrovie in viaggio verso l'Europa: La liberalizzazione delle ferrovie (The railways in travel vis-à-Vis Europe: The liberalisation of the railways), Billy, Alfred, and General Motors: The Story of two unique Men, a Legendary Company and a remarkable Time in American History, Rozwoj koncepcji samochodu osobowego w XX wieku (The evolution of the car in the twentieth century), Das zweite Jahrhundert des Automobils. Technische Innovationen, ökonomische Dynamik und kulturelle Aspekte (The second century of the automobile: Technical innovations, economic dynamics and cultural aspects), Motorcycle, Transportgeschichte im internationalen Vergleich. Europa—China—Naher Osten (International comparison of transport history: Europe—China—Near East), Inventare gli spostamenti: Storia e immagini dell'autostrada Torino—Savona (Inventing movement: History and images of the A6 motorway), Reti mobilità, trasporti: Il sistema italiano tra prospettiva storica e innovazione (Networks of mobility and transport: The Italian system in the perspective of historical and innovation sciences), ‘Votes Count but the Number of Seats decides: A Comparative Historical Case Study of Twentieth Century Danish, Swedish and Norwegian Road Policy’, Εττόμενή στάσή: Χαμένες λεωφόροι. Μια περιδιάβασή στήν κοσμογονία τής αμερικανικής кал τής ευρωπαϊκής μήτρόπολής, Blind Landings: Low-visibility Operations in American Aviation, 1918–1958, Dictatorship of the Air: Aviation Culture and the Fate of Modern Russia, The Rescue of the Third Class on the Titanic: A Revisionist History, Verkehr. Zu einer poetischen Theorie der Moderne (Traffic: Towards a poetic theory of modern times), Gebuchte Gefühle. Tourismus zwischen Verortung und Entgrenzung (Booked feelings: Tourism from localisation to boundlessness)

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-353
Author(s):  
Jan Oliva ◽  
Stefano Maggi ◽  
Bob Post ◽  
Zachary M. Schrag ◽  
Sabine Barles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Second Century ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Historical Case Study ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Naher Osten

Georges de La Tour and the Enigma of the Visible

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Judovitz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Visual Medium ◽  
Religious Imagery ◽  
Conditions Of Possibility ◽  
Spiritual Reality ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
Familiar Objects

Celebrated due to the aura of mystery attached to his rediscovered works in the twentieth century, Georges de La Tour’s paintings continue to be an object of scholarly interest and public fascination. Exploring the representations of light, vision and the visible in his works, this interdisciplinary study raises seminal questions regarding the nature of painting and its artistic, theological, and conceptual implications. If the visible presents an enigma in La Tour’s pictorial works, this is because familiar objects of visible reality serve as emblems of an invisible, spiritual reality. La Tour’s pursuit of likeness between image and the natural world bears the influence of the Catholic Reform’s call for the revitalization of religious imagery in the wake of Protestant iconoclastic outbreaks. Like the books shown in his paintings which are asking to be read, La Tour’s paintings are examined not just as visual depictions but also as instruments of insight, which ask to be deciphered rather than merely seen. La Tour’s paintings show how the figuration of faith as spiritual passion and illumination challenges the meanings attached to the visual realm of painterly expression. This study shows that La Tour’s emphasis on spiritual insight opens up a broader artistic, philosophical and conceptual reflection on the conditions of possibility of painting and its limitations as a visual medium. By scrutinizing what is seen and how and by questioning the position of the beholder, his works encourage meditation on the role of painting and its engagements with the visible world.

Crisis and Compromise: The Foundation of Marine Stations in Britain During the Late 19th Century

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Deacon
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Scientific Background ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
Pure Research

This paper looks at the attempts to found marine stations in Britain during the late 19th century and seeks to show how a fuller understanding of these events, and their success or failure, can be gained by looking both at the scientific background to the movement and at the broadly similar problems that faced their founders. The survival of early marine stations depended largely on how successfully they balanced scientific objectives with the applied work which was the price of government support. Those stations that continued into the twentieth century did so mostly by abandoning pure research in marine zoology and by concentrating on fisheries problems; only these attracted the grants essential for their survival. This was a turn of events unforeseen when the foundation of marine stations was discussed in the 1870's but ideas changed rapidly in the early 1880's when it became apparent that progress could be made only by accepting a different orientation. This paper looks at how official policy towards science in Britain affected oceanography and other aspects of marine science during the late 19th century, and how scientists hoped that the foundation of marine stations would fulfil both a scientific and a practical need for institutional bases for marine research. However, competition for scarce resources created tension and rivalry between institutions from which few escaped unscathed. The underlying reasons for such problems cannot generally be dealt with extensively in the histories of individual stations but they contribute much to our understanding of how such institutions developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The paper concludes with a brief review of individual stations, particularly those in Scotland.

African Studies in Czechoslovakia: Achievements and Perspectives

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Peter Skalník
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
African Studies ◽  
World War ◽  
Dark Continent ◽  
Zambezi River

Scientific research of African societies and cultures in Czechoslovakia has developed only in the last two decades. Nevertheless, to precede the research there was a relatively extensive background shaped by the tradition of travelers whose interest was centered especially on geography, biology, and descriptive and collective ethnography. The most important of these travelers were Dr. Emil Holub (1847-1902), who crossed South Africa as far as the Zambezi River and published several books, most of which are now available in English, about his experiences; Remedius Prutký, a missionary who visited Ethiopia in 1751-1753 and not only described his travels but even compiled a vocabulary of the Amharic language; and Dr. Stecker and Čeněk Paclt, who traveled in the nineteenth century through Ethiopia and South Africa, respectively. In the twentieth century there was a considerable number of Czechoslovak travelers who acquainted their compatriots with the “Dark Continent.” Before World War II, three professor of Semitology at Charles University, Prague -- R. Dvořák, R. Ru̇žička, and A. Musil -- started to study Ethiopian languages and history. The well-known Austrian scholar of Czech origin, Dr. Pavel Šebesta (Schebesta) became one of the best specialists in the anthropology and ethnography of the Pygmies.

Specters of the Pacific: Salt Fish Drag and Atomic Hauntologies in the Era of Genetic Modification

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
AIMEE BAHNG
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Human Genome Project ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Human Genome Project

In part an examination of the speculative arena of genomics, particularly through the historical context of US nuclear detonations in the Pacific in the mid-twentieth century, this essay traces a rhetorical shift in scientific interest in “mutation” to “regeneration.” This shift marks how the financialization of scientific research brokers a profitable conversion of the devastations of the atomic age to the promissory therapies of the Human Genome Project. Against this backcloth, I turn to Larissa Lai's speculative fiction Salt Fish Girl, which resurrects these specters of the Pacific to haunt the HGP's projections and tether transpacific futurity to an irradiated past.

scholarly journals Understanding Sciences Through Participatory Research.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 386-400
Author(s):  
Harry Ramenah
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Participatory Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
School Students ◽  
Working Hypotheses ◽  
Participatory Research Approach

The interest for a researcher to follow a participatory research approach compared to a conventional approach is multiple. The aim of this project is to make scientific research accessible to everyone, especially high school students. Our approach is a new concept of learning by doing for high school students that adopt the posture of a researcher to solve a problem presented to them. Students propose working hypotheses, imagine their protocol, experiment, discuss and communicate their results. High school students are supervised by the PhD students and the results from these studies are used for their research work. Currently several French and international Universities have approached us to implement this participatory research.

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