scholarly journals Cryosols from Tundra and Taiga Zones of Yakutia: Properties, Clay Mineralogy, and Problems of Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1783-1794
Author(s):  
R. V. Desyatkin ◽  
S. N. Lessovaia ◽  
M. V. Okoneshnikova ◽  
A. Z. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Northern Taiga ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Central Yakutia ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract— Data on major properties and clay mineralogy in the profiles of slightly differentiated Cryosols forming in cold ultracontinental climate of Yakutia are discussed. The particular objects are represented by the cryozems of tundra, forest-tundra, and northern taiga of the Anabar and Alazeya plateaus and by the palevaya (pale) soil of middle taiga in Central Yakutia. The differentiation of clay minerals in the vertical soil profiles is poorly pronounced because of the strong homogenizing impact of cryoturbation processes. The profile of pale soil displays minor differences in clay mineralogy despite the strong difference in acid–base conditions of the upper and lower horizons. However, the obtained data suggest that mineral weathering in pale soils of Central Yakutia is more advanced than it was concluded in the 1970s on the basis of data on the absence of pronounced trends in the vertical distribution of clay minerals in their profiles. This is in good agreement with the presence of a sufficiently thick upper humus horizon in these soils, which is typical of the soils of more humid regions. It is suggested that pale soils of Central Yakutia should be classified as soddy pale soils.

THE CLAY MINERALS IN SOME BRITISH COLUMBIA SUBSOILS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Clark ◽  
J. E. Brydon ◽  
H. J. Hortie
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The South ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Montmorillonitic Clay

X-ray diffraction analysis was used to identify the clay minerals present in fourteen subsoil samples that were selected to represent some more important clay-bearing deposits in British Columbia. The clay mineralogy of the subsoils varied considerably but montmorillonitic clay minerals tended to predominate in the water-laid deposits of the south and illite in the soil parent materials of the Interior Plains region of the northeastern part of the Province.

scholarly journals Clay Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Pockmarked Surface Sediments from the Southwestern Xisha Uplift, South China Sea: Implications for Weathering and Provenance

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Hongfeng Lu ◽  
Qing Chen ◽  
Gayan Bandara ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
South China ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Northern South China Sea ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
X Ray ◽  
China Sea

In the northern South China Sea, pockmarks are widely distributed on the seabed offshore on the southwestern Xisha Uplift. The mineralogy and geochemistry of the clay minerals and surface sediments from the pockmark field were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis to trace the provenance, weathering, and sediment transportation system in the area. The clay minerals are primarily comprised of illite, smectite, kaolinite, and chlorite, showing a distribution of average weight percentages of 35%, 35%, 18%, and 13%, respectively. Based on the surrounding fluvial drainage basins and various transport mechanisms (current or monsoon), illite and chlorite primarily originate from rivers in Taiwan and the Mekong and Red Rivers. Kaolinite primarily originates from the Pearl River, and smectite derived from the Luzon arc system is primarily transported by surface currents with significant influence from the Kuroshio intrusion.

scholarly journals Tropospheric BrO column densities in the Arctic derived from satellite: retrieval and comparison to ground-based measurements

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 2779-2807 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sihler ◽  
U. Platt ◽  
S. Beirle ◽  
T. Marbach ◽  
S. Kühl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Vertical Column ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. During polar spring, halogen radicals like bromine monoxide (BrO) play an important role in the chemistry of tropospheric ozone destruction. Satellite measurements of the BrO distribution have become a particularly useful tool to investigate this probably natural phenomenon, but the separation of stratospheric and tropospheric partial columns of BrO is challenging. In this study, an algorithm was developed to retrieve tropospheric vertical column densities of BrO from data of high-resolution spectroscopic satellite instruments such as the second Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME-2). Unlike recently published approaches, the presented algorithm is capable of separating the fraction of BrO in the activated troposphere from the total BrO column solely based on remotely measured properties. The presented algorithm furthermore allows to estimate a realistic measurement error of the tropospheric BrO column. The sensitivity of each satellite pixel to BrO in the boundary layer is quantified using the measured UV radiance and the column density of the oxygen collision complex O4. A comparison of the sensitivities with CALIPSO LIDAR observations demonstrates that clouds shielding near-surface trace-gas columns can be reliably detected even over ice and snow. Retrieved tropospheric BrO columns are then compared to ground-based BrO measurements from two Arctic field campaigns in the Amundsen Gulf and at Barrow in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Our algorithm was found to be capable of retrieving enhanced near-surface BrO during both campaigns in good agreement with ground-based data. Some differences between ground-based and satellite measurements observed at Barrow can be explained by both elevated and shallow surface layers of BrO. The observations strongly suggest that surface release processes are the dominating source of BrO and that boundary layer meteorology influences the vertical distribution.

scholarly journals Vertical differentiation of pedogenic iron forms – a key of hydromorphic soil profile development

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-380
Author(s):  
Marianna Ringer ◽  
◽  
Gergely Jakab ◽  
Péter Sipos ◽  
Máté Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Hydromorphic Soil ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Iron Forms

This paper focuses on the vertical distribution and characterisation of pedogenic iron forms in a Gleysol- Histosol transect developed in a marshy area in the Danube-Tisza Interfluve, Hungary. Four soil profiles were investigated along a series of increasing waterlogging and spatial and temporal patterns of hydromorphic pedofeatures (characteristics of pedogenic iron forms) were recorded. Frequent and wide-range redox potential (Eh) changes caused the emergence of many types of redoximorphic iron features, including mottles, plaques and nodules. The forms of these features depended on the micro-environments determined by the vertical position in the soil profile and the presence of plant roots. The greatest iron enrichment occurred in the zone of most intensive and widest-range redox fluctuations. Increasing water saturation resulted the extension of gleyic pattern due to the existence of permanent reduction. Most of the features also showed annual variations during the varying periods of water saturation and aeration.

scholarly journals Grain size distribution, clay mineralogy and chemistry of bottom sediments from the outer Thermaikos Gulf, Aegean Sea, Greece

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
K.G. PEHLIVANOGLOU ◽  
G. TRONTSIOS ◽  
A. TSIRAMBIDES
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Differential Settling ◽  
Interstratified Phase

The Thermaikos Gulf constitutes the NW part of the North Aegean Sea and is limited eastward from the Chalkidiki Peninsula and westward from the Pieria Prefecture. Its plateau covers an area of 3,500 km2. The mechanisms responsible for the grain size distribution into the Gulf, the clay mineralogy and the chemistry of some bottom sediments from the outer Thermaikos Gulf, are examined. Source mixing during transportation, flocculation, differential settling processes and organic matter appear to be the main mechanisms for the distribution of clay minerals in shallow waters. All grain size fractions studied present a wide range of values confirming the extreme variations of the discharged load and the variability in marine processes. Plagioclases predominate over K-feldspars, while quartz is the most abundant mineral present. In addition, micas, chlorites, amphiboles and pyroxenes exist as primary and/or accessory minerals in all samples. Among clay minerals, illite predominates over smectite and smectite over chlorite (+ kaolinite). The ordered interstratified phase of I/S, with 30-35% S layers, is present in the 2-0.25µm fraction. The randomly interstratified phase of I/S, with 50% S layers, is present in the <0.25& micro; m fraction. On average the clay mineral content of the studied samples is: 48% I, 23% S, 17% Ch (+K) and 12% others for the 2-0.25µm fraction and 50% I, 30% S and 20% Ch (+K) for the <0.25 µm fraction. All these minerals are the weathering products of the rocks from the drainage basins of the rivers flowing into the Gulf, as well as of the Neogene and Quaternary unconsolidated sediments of the surrounding coasts. The terrigenous input, the water mass circulation and, to a lesser extent, the quality of the discharged material and the differential settling of grains, control the grain size distribution within the outer Thermaikos Gulf. The chemical composition of the analysed samples is generally in agreement with their mineral composition and signifies their terrigenous origin presenting discretely clastic character.

Summary of recommendations of nomenclature committees relevant to clay mineralogy: report of the Association Internationale pour l'Etude des Argiles (AIPEA) Nomenclature Committee for 2006

Clay Minerals ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Guggenheim ◽  
J. M. Adams ◽  
D. C. Bain ◽  
F. Bergaya ◽  
M. F. Brigatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
International Association ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Nomenclature Committee ◽  
Group Meetings

Brindley et al. (1951) reported the earliest efforts to obtain international collaboration on nomenclature and classification of clay minerals, initiated at the International Soil Congress in Amsterdam in 1950. Since then, national clay groups were formed, and they proposed various changes in nomenclature at group meetings of the International Clay Conferences. Most of the national clay groups have representation on the Nomenclature Committee of the Association Internationale pour l'Etude des Argiles (AIPEA, International Association for the Study of Clays), which was established in 1966. The precursor committee to the AIPEA Nomenclature Committee was the Nomenclature Subcommittee of the Comité International pour l'Etude des Argiles (OPEA, International Committee for the Study of Clays).

The influence of aeolian dust deposits on alpine soils in south-eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart William Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
National Park ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Alpine Soils ◽  
Aeolian Dust ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Aeolian Sediment ◽  
Dust Deposits

Aeolian sediment collected from 2 locations across the ‘Main Range’ of Kosciuszko National Park, along with a series of soil profiles that were analysed for particle size, were used as a baseline from which to estimate the effects of aeolian sedimentation in this region. Laboratory analysis of the soil profiles indicated that the properties of the surface horizons of the alpine humus soils were heavily influenced by aeolian dust accumulation; however, the sub-surface horizons were mainly derived from the natural bedrock. The surface and subsurface horizons differed in texture bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable cations, and clay mineralogy. This study confirmed that the snow patch meadow soils exhibited particle size and mineralogy consistent with dust enrichment, with distinct bands being found in some profiles.

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