Physical activity on prescription in accordance with the Swedish model increases physical activity: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aron Onerup ◽  
Daniel Arvidsson ◽  
Åse Blomqvist ◽  
Eva-Lotte Daxberg ◽  
Lennart Jivegård ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Activity Grade ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Swedish Model

ObjectivesThis study investigates the effects of the core elements of the Swedish model for physical activity on prescription (PAP) by evaluating studies that compared adults who received PAP with adults who did not receive PAP. All participants were adults identified by a healthcare professional as in need of increased physical activity. Primary outcome was level of physical activity.DesignSystematic review.Eligibility criteria(1) Published 1999. (2) Systematic review, randomised controlled trial (RCT), non-RCT or case series (for adverse events). (3) ≥12 weeks’ follow-up. (4) Performed in the Nordic countries. (5) Presented in English, Swedish, Norwegian or Danish.Data sourcesSystematic searches in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, AMED, CINAHL and SweMed+ in September 2017. Included articles were evaluated using checklists to determine risk of bias.ResultsNine relevant articles were included: seven RCTs, one cohort study and one case series. Primary outcome was reported in seven articles from six studies (five RCTs, one cohort study, 642 participants). Positive results were reported from three of the five RCTs and from the cohort study. No study reported any negative results. Swedish PAP probably results in an increased level of physical activity (GRADE⊕⊕⊕Ο).ConclusionsAlthough the number of the reviewed articles was relatively modest, this systematic review shows that PAP in accordance with the Swedish model probably increases the level of physical activity. As a model for exercise prescription, Swedish PAP may be considered as part of regular healthcare to increase physical activity in patients.

scholarly journals The impact of decision aids in patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e028379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenaya Goldwag ◽  
Priscilla Marsicovetere ◽  
Peter Scalia ◽  
Heather A Johnson ◽  
Marie-Anne Durand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Treatment

ObjectivesOur aim was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine the impact of patient decision aids (PDA) on patients facing treatment decisions for colorectal cancer.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesSources included Embase, Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library from inception to June, 20, 2019.Eligibility criteriaWe included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, mixed methods and case series in which a PDA for colorectal cancer treatment was used. Qualitative studies were excluded from our review.Data extraction and synthesisFollowing execution of the search strategy by a medical librarian, two blinded independent reviewers identified articles for inclusion. Two blinded reviewers were also responsible for data extraction, risk of bias and study quality assessments. Any conflict in article inclusion or extraction was resolved by discussion.ResultsOut of 3773 articles identified, three met our inclusion criteria: one RCT, one before-and-after study and one mixed-method study. In these studies, the use of a PDA for colorectal cancer treatment was associated with increased patient knowledge, satisfaction and preparation for making a decision. On quality assessment, two of three studies were judged to be of low quality.ConclusionA paucity of evidence exists on the effect of PDA for colorectal cancer treatment with existing evidence being largely of low quality. Further investigation is required to determine the effect of decision aids for colorectal cancer treatment as well as reasons for the lack of PDA development and implementation in this area.Prospero registration numberCRD42018095153.

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise Interventions and Physical Activity Behavior on Cancer Related Cognitive Impairments: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Zimmer ◽  
Freerk T. Baumann ◽  
Max Oberste ◽  
Peter Wright ◽  
Alexander Garthe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Activity Behavior

This systematic review analyzes current data on effects of exercise interventions and physical activity behavior on objective and subjective cancer related cognitive impairments (CRCI). Out of the 19 studies which met all inclusion criteria, five RCTs investigated rodents, whereas the other 14 trials explored humans and these included six RCTs, one controlled trial, two prospective noncontrolled trials, one case series, one observational study, and three cross-sectional studies. The results from animal models revealed positive effects of exercise during and after chemotherapy or radiation on structural alterations of the central nervous system, physiological as well as neuropsychological outcomes. The overall study quality in patient studies was poor. The current data on intervention studies showed preliminary positive effects of Asian-influenced movement programs (e.g., Yoga) with benefits on self-perceived cognitive functions as well as a reduction of chronic inflammation for breast cancer patients in the aftercare. Exercise potentially contributes to the prevention and rehabilitation of CRCI. Additional RCTs with standardized neuropsychological assessments and controlling for potential confounders are needed to confirm and expand preliminary findings.

scholarly journals Use of AbobotulinumtoxinA for Cosmetic Treatments in the Neck, and Middle and Lower Areas of the Face: A Systematic Review

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Hassan Galadari ◽  
Ibrahim Galadari ◽  
Riekie Smit ◽  
Inna Prygova ◽  
Alessio Redaelli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Masseter Muscle ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
The Face ◽  
Positive Results

AbobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) has been used for various cosmetic purposes, including minimization of moderate to severe lines, or other cosmetic indications, in the face and neck. We carried out a systematic review to identify all relevant evidence on the treatment approaches and outcomes of aboBoNT-A as a cosmetic treatment of the middle and lower areas of the face, and the neck. Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, congress proceedings and review bibliographies were searched for relevant studies. Identified articles were screened against pre-specified eligibility criteria. Of 560 unique articles identified, 10 were included for data extraction (three observational studies, 1 randomized controlled trial [with two articles] and five non-randomized trials). The articles provided data on gummy/asymmetric smile (2), marionette lines (5), masseter muscle volume (2), nasal wrinkles (2), perioral wrinkles (3) and the platysma muscle (4). All articles reporting on efficacy of aboBoNT-A demonstrated positive results, including reduction of wrinkles (5), reduction of masseter muscle (2) and degree of gummy smile (1) compared with before treatment. No serious adverse events were reported and patient satisfaction was high. In conclusion, positive findings support further research of aboBoNT-A for the middle and lower areas of the face, and in the neck, which are largely unapproved indications.

scholarly journals Regenerative endodontic treatment performed with platelet-rich plasma presents better periapical healing than only induced blot clot: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e147101321219
Author(s):  
Christine Men Martins ◽  
Milena Filippini Knecht ◽  
Larissa dos Santos de Moraes ◽  
Victor Eduardo de Souza Batista
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Periapical Healing ◽  
Regenerative Endodontic Treatment

This study comprehensively reviewed two different treatments for regenerative endodontic: platelet-rich plasma and induced blot clot, in regarding to periapical healing.  Two investigators performed a systematic review. MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library and Scopus supplied relevant data from studies published until December 2020 to answer the PICO question. Primary outcome was periapical healing. Eight randomized clinical trials fulfilled eligibility criteria. Primary outcome indicated that platelet-rich plasma results in similar or better periapical healing compared to blot clot group. The reported failures were related to blot clot group due to incomplete radiographic parameters, pain and reinfection; however, few cases of unsuccess were reported to platelet-rich plasma group. Only two studies observed better results to blot clot group in relation to increase of radiographic area and partial pulp canal obliteration. This review showed that procedures using platelet-rich plasma were successful in treating permanent teeth with root development.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ß-AMYLOID BRAIN LEVELS IN HUMANS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
P. de Souto Barreto ◽  
B. Vellas ◽  
S. Andrieu ◽  
Y. Rolland
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Β Amyloid

Physical activity (PA) contributes to brain health and plasticity, which suggests that PA would protect against the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, research on PA and AD biomarkers is very scarce. The objective of the present study was to perform a systematic review of studies that investigated the associations between PA and β-amyloid brain deposition in humans. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, SportDiscus, PEDro, and PsychInfo databases. Articles were eligible if they have assessed both PA and β-amyloid brain deposition in humans. Five articles, published between 2010 and 2013, met eligibility criteria (study population varied across studies from 54 to 515, according with the β-amyloid measure. All five studies assessed both PA and PET-amyloid; among them, two studies also assessed CSF Aβ42 levels). All studies were based on cross-sectional data, from non-demented populations. Among the five included studies, three found significant associations between PA and β-amyloid brain deposition, and the other two did not find any significant association; limited evidence suggests that PA-amyloid plaques associations would be APOE ε4 allele-specific. In sum, no solid conclusions can be drawn on the associations between PA and human β-amyloid brain deposition currently. Future research on this topic should particularly pay attention to the operationalisation of clinically relevant and valid PA variables and should include important confounders in multivariate analysis. More information is needed on the potential interactions between PA and other AD risk factors (e.g., cognitive activities, APOE ε4 status, nutrition, smoking) and their combined effects on AD biomarkers.

Increasing physical activity by four legs rather than two: systematic review of dog-facilitated physical activity interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (20) ◽  
pp. 1202-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E Rhodes ◽  
Maria Baranova ◽  
Hayley Christian ◽  
Carri Westgarth
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Dog Owners

ObjectivesRegular walking is a critical target of physical activity (PA) promotion, and dog walking is a feasible PA intervention for a large segment of the population. The purpose of this paper was to review PA interventions that have involved canine interactions and to evaluate their effectiveness. A secondary aim of this review was to highlight the populations, settings, designs and intervention components that have been applied so as to inform future research.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesWe carried out literature searches to August 2019 using six common databases.Eligibility criteriaStudies included published papers in peer-reviewed journals and grey literature (theses and dissertations) in the English language that included any PA behaviour change design (ie, randomised controlled trial, quasi-experimental) that focused on canine-related intervention. We grouped findings by population, setting, medium, research design and quality, theory and behaviour change techniques applied.ResultsThe initial search yielded 25 010 publications which were reduced to 13 independent studies of medium and high risks of bias after screening for eligibility criteria. The approaches to intervene on PA were varied and included loaner dogs, new dog owners and the promotion of walking among established dog owners. Findings were consistent in showing that canine-assisted interventions do increase PA (82% of the studies had changes favouring the canine-facilitated intervention). Exploratory subanalyses showed that specific study characteristics and methods may have moderated the effects. Compared with studies with longer follow-up periods, studies with shorter follow-up favoured behaviour changes of the canine intervention over the control condition.ConclusionCanine-based PA interventions appear effective, but future research should move beyond feasibility and proof of concept studies to increase rigour, quality and generalisability of findings.

Pregnancy Rates after Intrauterine Insemination in Moderate to Severe Endometriosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
Lisette E.E. Van Der Houwen ◽  
Anneke M.F. Schreurs ◽  
Roel Schats ◽  
Pam Kaspers ◽  
Cornells B. Lambalk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Expectant Management ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Cochrane Library

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrauterine insemination (IUI) in moderate to severe endometriosis patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted since the role of this treatment strategy in these patients is a matter of debate in the literature. Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Cinahl, and The Cochrane Library from inception to September 1, 2016. Studies including moderate to severe endometriosis patients reporting pregnancy rates after IUI were selected. The primary outcome was live birth after IUI treatment compared to expectant management. Secondary noncomparative outcomes were live birth and clinical pregnancy, which were presented as weighed mean pregnancy rates. Nineteen articles (2 unclear design, 11 retrospective, 6 prospective) were included for the analysis. Our primary outcome measure was only addressed by one study, showing an odds ratio of 1.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86–3.63) on live birth favoring IUI versus no treatment. The calculated weighed mean live birth and clinical pregnancy rate per patient was 20.3% (95% CI, 11.2–29.4) and 32.7% (95% CI, 21.3– 44.0), respectively. This meta-analysis of observational data showed that IUI could be a feasible treatment in moderate to severe endometriosis. Whether this treatment should be structurally offered prior to in vitro fertilization needs to be investigated in a randomized, controlled trial, including time-to-pregnancy, safety, and cost-effectiveness.

scholarly journals Therapeutic difference between orbital decompression and glucocorticoids administration as the first-line treatment for dysthyroid optic neuropathy: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1107-1113
Author(s):  
Ming-Na Xu ◽  
◽  
Yun-Hai Tu ◽  
He-Qing Tao ◽  
Ke-Si Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Orbital Decompression ◽  
Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy

To assess all available data to compare the efficacy of glucocorticoids treatment and orbital decompression for dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library databases as well as other sources were searched by two independent reviewers followed by extensive hand-searching for the identification of relevant studies. The primary outcomes were the improvement in visual acuity and responder rate. Secondary outcomes were the proptosis reduction, change in diplopia, and clinical activity score (CAS). One randomized controlled trial, three retrospective case series and one prospective case series met the inclusion criteria. They were divided into intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids (ivGC) group and orbital decompression (OD) group. Both groups demonstrated improvement in visual acuity. In addition, the proportion of patients with improved vision in OD group was higher than that in ivGC group (P<0.001). Post-treatment proptosis reduction was also reported in both groups. Overall, weighted mean in proptosis reduction estimated at 1.64 and 5.45 mm in patients treated with ivGC and OD respectively. This study also presented results regarding pre-existing and new-onset diplopia. Apart from diplopia, a wide variety of minor and major complications were noted in 5 included studies. The most common complication in ivGC group and OD group was Cushing’s syndrome and epistaxis respectively. The present systematic review shows that both glucocorticoids treatment and OD are effective in treating DON and OD may work better in improving visual acuity and reducing proptosis. However, high-quality, large-sample, controlled studies need to be performed in the future.

scholarly journals Biomarkers predictive of treatment response in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1759720X2110140
Author(s):  
Conor Magee ◽  
Hannah Jethwa ◽  
Oliver M. FitzGerald ◽  
Deepak R. Jadon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Psoriatic Disease ◽  
Subsequent Response

Aims: The ability to predict response to treatment remains a key unmet need in psoriatic disease. We conducted a systematic review of studies relating to biomarkers associated with response to treatment in either psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library from their inception to 2 September 2020, and conference proceedings from four major rheumatology conferences. Original research articles studying pre-treatment biomarker levels associated with subsequent response to pharmacologic treatment in either PsV or PsA were included. Results: A total of 765 articles were retrieved and after review, 44 articles (22 relating to PsV and 22 to PsA) met the systematic review’s eligibility criteria. One study examined the response to methotrexate, one the response to tofacitinib and all the other studies to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Whilst several studies examined the HLA-C*06 allele in PsV, the results were conflicting. Interleukin (IL)-12 serum levels and polymorphisms in the IL-12B gene show promise as biomarkers of treatment response in PsV. Most, but not all, studies found that higher baseline levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were associated with a better clinical response to treatment in patients with PsA. Conclusion: Several studies have identified biomarkers associated with subsequent response to treatment in psoriatic disease. However, due to the different types of biomarkers, treatments and outcome measures used, firm conclusions cannot be drawn. Further validation is needed before any of these biomarkers translate to clinical practice.

scholarly journals Testing for non-inferior mortality: a systematic review of non-inferiority margin sizes and trial characteristics

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e044480
Author(s):  
Sandra Pong ◽  
Martin Urner ◽  
Robert A Fowler ◽  
Nicholas Mitsakakis ◽  
Winnie Seto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Methodological Issue ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Industry Funding ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveTo describe the size and variability of non-inferiority margins used in non-inferiority trials of medications with primary outcomes involving mortality, and to examine the association between trial characteristics and non-inferiority margin size.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMedline, Medline In Process, Medline Epub Ahead of Print and Embase Classic+Embase databases from January 1989 to December 2019.Eligibility criteriaProspective non-inferiority randomised controlled trials comparing pharmacological therapies, with primary analyses for non-inferiority and primary outcomes involving mortality alone or as part of a composite outcome. Trials had to prespecify non-inferiority margins as absolute risk differences or relative to risks of outcome and provide a baseline risk of primary outcome in the control intervention.Results3992 records were screened, 195 articles were selected for full text review and 111 articles were included for analyses. 82% of trials were conducted in thrombosis, infectious diseases or oncology. Mortality was the sole primary outcome in 23 (21%) trials, and part of a composite primary outcome in 88 (79%) trials. The overall median non-inferiority margin was an absolute risk difference of 9% (IQR 4.2%–10%). When non-inferiority margins were expressed relative to the baseline risk of primary outcome in control groups, the median relative non-inferiority margin was 1.5 (IQR 1.3–1.7). In multivariable regression analyses examining the association between trial characteristics (medical specialty, inclusion of paediatric patients, mortality as a sole or part of a composite primary outcome, presence of industry funding) and non-inferiority margin size, only medical specialty was significantly associated with non-inferiority margin size.ConclusionAbsolute and relative non-inferiority margins used in published trials comparing medications are large, allowing conclusions of non-inferiority in the context of large differences in mortality. Accepting the potential for large increases in outcomes involving mortality while declaring non-inferiority is a challenging methodological issue in the conduct of non-inferiority trials.

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