scholarly journals Effect of the interaction between physical activity and estimated macronutrient intake on HbA1c: population-based cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e002479
Author(s):  
Takuma Furukawa ◽  
Yuichiro Nishida ◽  
Megumi Hara ◽  
Chisato Shimanoe ◽  
Kayoko Koga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hba1c Levels

IntroductionHealthy diet and physical activity (PA) are essential for preventing type 2 diabetes, particularly, a combination of diet and PA. However, reports on interaction between PA and diet, especially from large epidemiological studies, are limited. We investigated the effect of interaction between PA and macronutrient intake on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in the general population.Research design and methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 55 469 men and women without diabetes who participated in the baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. A self-administered questionnaire ascertained PA and macronutrient intake (carbohydrate, fat, and protein). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to adjust for confounding variables and examine the interactions. In addition, we conducted a longitudinal study during a 5-year period within a subcohort (n=6881) with accelerometer-assessed PA data.ResultsOverall, PA had a weak inverse association (β=−0.00033, p=0.049) and carbohydrate intake had a strong positive association (β=0.00393, p<0.001) with HbA1c. We observed a tendency of interactions between PA and carbohydrate or fat intake, but not protein intake, on HbA1c levels after adjusting for age, sex, study area, total energy intake, alcohol consumption, smoking, and medication for hypertension or hypercholesterolemia (Pinteraction=0.054, 0.006, and 0.156, respectively). The inverse associations between PA and HbA1c level were more evident in participants with high-carbohydrate (or low-fat) intake than in participants with low-carbohydrate (or high-fat) intake. Although further adjustment for body mass index slightly attenuated the above interactions (Pinteraction=0.098 for carbohydrate and 0.068 for fat), the associations between PA and HbA1c level in stratified analyses remained unchanged. Similar associations and interactions were reproduced in the longitudinal study.ConclusionsThe present results suggest that the effect of PA on HbA1c levels is modified by intake of macronutrient composition.

Association between parents’ physical activity and mode of commuting with their offsprings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERNANDO RODRIGUEZ ◽  
Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado ◽  
Yaira Barranco-Ruiz ◽  
María Jesús Aranda-Balboa ◽  
Palma Chillón
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Ripple Effect ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background. Some studies have reported a positive association between parents and their offspring’s physical activity (PA), but few have examined the difference in these associations concerning both genders. The objective of this study was to establish the association between moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and mode of commuting (MC) of the parents with their offspring’s MC, by gender and age group. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 686 parents (mothers: 52.8%) and their offsprings (33.8% girls). Each participant completed a questionnaire on PA and MC. Chi-square test, Odds Ratio for categorical variables and lineal regressions for continuous variables were used to examine the associations between the parents and their offspring. Results. An inverse association was found between fathers-children in the weekend MVPA in children and between mothers-adolescents in out-of-school and weekend MVPA in adolescents, specifically, an inverse association was found in MVPA between mothers-girls and 2) the different parents’ MC to work were positively associated with the MC to school in children and adolescents except for the association AC parents-adolescents and specifically, the AC was mainly associated between mothers and girls and boys. Conclusion. This study emphasizes the importance of involving parents in school-based interventions to create a positive ripple effect in PA-related behaviours.

Age at menarche and diet among adolescents in slums of Nashik, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushama Khopkar ◽  
Sangita Kulathinal ◽  
Suvi M. Virtanen ◽  
Minna Säävälä
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Western India ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background and aim: The role of dietary patterns in determining age at menarche is insufficiently understood in low-income countries. The relationship between dietary patterns, particularly the consumption of oil, and age at menarche in a slum-dwelling adolescent population in India is examined. Methods: Data were derived from a cross-sectional baseline survey and anthropometric measurements among 10- to 19-year-old adolescents (n=545, female respondents 272, of whom 160 were post-menarcheal) and a household survey in two slums in the city of Nashik, Western India. By using mixed effects linear regression models, the association between age at menarche and household-wise use of sources of animal protein and oil and fat is examined. Results: Age at menarche (mean 13.7 years) in the slums studied was relatively high according to Indian standards. Age at menarche and the consumption of dairy products, meat, fish and eggs were not associated. The household per capita consumption of vegetable oil had an inverse association with a girl’s age at menarche, and there was an indication of a positive association between use of ghee (clarified butter) and age at menarche. These associations did not disappear when controlling for anthropometric status and socio-economic characteristics. Conclusion: Intake of fats and foods that are important sources of protein among underprivileged households in India is low and reflected in the relatively late age at menarche. The potential differences in the association between various types of fatty acids, energy intake and age at menarche in conditions of undernutrition requires further prospective study.

scholarly journals 305Interaction between physical activity and nutritional intake on HbA1c in Japanese general population

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Furukawa ◽  
Yuichiro Nishida ◽  
Megumi Hara ◽  
Chisato Shimanoe ◽  
Kayoko Koga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
General Population ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confounding Variables

Abstract Background Healthy diet and physical activity (PA) are considered important for prevention and treatment of diabetes, particularly as diet and PA combined. However, reports on the interaction between PA and diet are limited, especially from large epidemiological study. Methods The present cross-sectional study used data collected from 55,469 participants in non-diabetes general population who completed the baseline survey on the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study. Multiple linear regression was used to adjust for confounding variables and to examine interactions between PA and macronutrient (carbohydrate, fat and protein) intake on HbA1c. Result The significant interactions between PA and carbohydrate intake or fat intake, but not protein intake, on HbA1c were observed after adjustment for confounding variables (P interaction = 0.021, 0.004 and 0.164, respectively). The inverse associations between PA and HbA1c were more evident in the participants with high-carbohydrate/low-fat intake compared to those with low-carbohydrate/high-fat intake. Although further adjustment for body mass index (BMI) slightly weakened interactions between PA and carbohydrate/fat intake on HbA1c (P interaction = 0.063 and 0.059, respectively), the associations between PA and HbA1c in the stratified analysis remained. Conclusion The present study found the interaction between PA and carbohydrate/fat intake on HbA1c. This finding suggests that the effect of PA on blood glucose control is modified by intake of macronutrient composition. Key messages Interaction between PA and macronutrient intake is likely to play an important role in the control of glucose control.

A Longitudinal Study of Objectively Measured Built Environment as Determinant of Physical Activity in Young Adults: The European Youth Heart Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Schipperijn ◽  
Mathias Ried-Larsen ◽  
Merete S. Nielsen ◽  
Anneli F. Holdt ◽  
Anders Grøntved ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
European Youth

Background:This longitudinal study aimed to examine if a Movability Index (MI), based on objectively measured built environment characteristics, was a determinant for objectively measured physical activity (PA) among young adults.Methods:Data collected from 177 persons participating in the Danish part of the European Youth Hearth Study (EYHS) was used to examine the effect of the built environment on PA. A MI was developed using objectively measured built environment characteristics, and included residential density, recreational facilities, daily destinations and street connectivity.Results:Results showed a positive cross-sectional association between MI and PA. PA decreased from baseline to follow-up. MI increased, primarily due to participants relocating to larger cities. An increase in MI from baseline to follow-up was associated with a reduced decrease in PA for females.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that the built environment is a determinant for PA, especially for females. The found gender differences might suggest the need to develop gender specific environmental indices in future studies. The validity of the measures can be further improved by creating domain specific PA measures as well as domain specific environmental indices and this can potentially reveal more specific built environment determinants for PA.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associations of behavioural risk factors with blood lipids profile in Lebanese adults: findings from WHO STEPwise NCD cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e026148
Author(s):  
Megali Mansour ◽  
Hani Tamim ◽  
Lara Nasreddine ◽  
Christelle El Khoury ◽  
Nahla Hwalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lipids Profile ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake

ObjectiveTo examine associations of behavioural risk factors, namely cigarette smoking, physical activity, dietary intakes and alcohol consumption, with blood lipids profile.Design and participantsData drawn from a cross-sectional study involving participants aged 18 years and over (n=363) from the nationwide WHO STEPwise Nutrition and Non-communicable Disease Risk Factor survey in Lebanon.MeasuresDemographic characteristics, behaviours and medical history were obtained from participants by questionnaire. Dietary assessment was performed using a 61-item Culture-Specific Food Frequency Questionnaire that measured food intake over the past year. Lipid levels were measured by the analysis of fasting blood samples (serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)).ResultsCurrent cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and low physical activity were prevalent among 33.3%, 39.7% and 41.6% of the sample, respectively. The contributions of fat and saturated fat to daily energy intake were high, estimated at 36.5% and 11.4%, respectively. Abnormal levels of TC, TG, VLDL, LDL-C and HDL-C were observed for 55.4%, 31.4%, 29.2%, 47.5% and 21.8% of participants, respectively. Adjusting for potential confounders, cigarette smoking was positively associated with higher odds of TG and VLDL (OR=4.27; 95% CI 1.69 to 10.77; and 3.26; 95% CI 1.33 to 8.03, respectively) with a significant dose–response relationship (p value for trend=0.010 and 0.030, respectively). Alcohol drinking and high saturated fat intake (≥10% energy intake) were associated with higher odds of LDL-C (OR=1.68; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.82 and OR= 1.73; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.93). Physical activity did not associate significantly with any blood lipid parameter.ConclusionThe demonstrated positive associations between smoking, alcohol drinking and high saturated fat intake with adverse lipoprotein levels lay further evidence for clinical practitioners, public health professionals and dietitians in the development of preventive strategies among subjects with a high risk of cardiovascular diseases in Lebanon and other neighbouring countries with similar epidemiological profile.

scholarly journals High-intensity physical activity is not associated with better cognition in the elder: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Wu ◽  
Haiping Zhang ◽  
Xinlei Miao ◽  
Haibin Li ◽  
Huiying Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Global Cognition

Abstract Background To evaluate the association of physical activity (PA) intensity with cognitive performance at baseline and during follow-up. Methods A total of 4039 participants aged 45 years or above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were enrolled in visit 1 (2011–2012) and followed for cognitive function in visit 2 (2013–2014), visit 3 (2015–2016), and visit 4 (2017–2018). We analyzed the association of PA intensity with global cognition, episodic memory, and mental intactness at baseline using adjusted regression methods and evaluated the long-term effect of PA intensity using multiple measures of cognition scores by mixed effect model. Results In cross-sectional analysis, mild and moderate PA, rather than vigorous PA, was associated with better cognitive performance. The results remained consistent in multiple sensitivity analyses. During the follow-up, participant with mild PA had a 0.56 (95% CI 0.12–0.99) higher global cognition, 0.23 (95% CI 0.01–0.46) higher episodic memory, and 0.33 (95% CI 0.01–0.64) higher mental intactness, while those with moderate PA had a 0.74 (95% CI 0.32–1.17) higher global score, 0.32 (95% CI 0.09–0.54) higher episodic memory, and 0.43 (95% CI 0.12–0.74) higher mental intactness, compared with individuals without PA. Vigorous PA was not beneficial to the long-term cognitive performance. Conclusions Our study indicates that mild and moderate PA could improve cognitive performance, rather than the vigorous activity. The targeted intensity of PA might be more effective to achieve the greatest cognition improvement considering age and depressive status.

scholarly journals Association of depression, physical activity levels and general psychological health among physical therapy students of Rawalpindi and Islamabad.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Sidra Qureshi ◽  
Huma Riaz ◽  
Malik Muhammad Ali Awan ◽  
Kiran Khushnood ◽  
Rida Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Therapy Students ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: To determine the association of depression, physical activity (PA) levels and general psychological health among physical therapy students of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among students of physiotherapy department at Rawalpindi and Islamabad Institutions, from August 2015 to January 2016. Five hundred students were recruited using non-probability convenient sampling. The data was collected through a questionnaire that comprised of demographic information, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), General Health Questionnaire-12(GHQ-12) and Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and correlation analysis was performed to see the relationship amongst depression, PA and general psychological health. Results: Majority of the students (42.6%) had mild depression. However, 64.8% students had no psychological distress. Moreover, 33.4% of the students were involved in aerobic activities and majority of them (37.6%) were not doing any activities to improve flexibility and increase muscle strength. There was an inverse correlation between RAPA and BDI-II (p<0.001) and a positive association between RAPA and GHQ-12 (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of the students had mild depression but their general psychological health was not affected as they were involved in routine physical activity. The result of this study provides evidence that there is a negative relation between physical activity and depression and a positive relation between physical activity and general psychological health.

scholarly journals Effects of Sitagliptin on HbA1c levels in uncontrolled hyperglycemia in diabetics using conventional OAD’s.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 963-967
Author(s):  
Amar Nazir ◽  
Fida Muhammad Sheikh ◽  
Sheraz Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Diagnostic Center ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Objectives: The study anticipates to appraise HbA1c levels after three months of sitagliptin addition (100mg/day) to patients already using conventional oral antidiabetics in patients of type II diabetes mellitus who have a meager retort to these existing anti diabetics. Study Design: Mainly cross sectional prospective multicenter, open labeled study. Setting: Department of Medicine University medical diagnostic center & District Head Quarter Hospital Sargodha. Period: January 2017 to June 2017. Material & Methods: 100 inadequately controlled diabetics using different types of oral anti diabetics were chosen and an especially designed performa was accomplished. In our study we gave preference to those patients who were on preexisting oral anti diabetics and now dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors were added for the first time. The patients were instructed (at the baseline visit) to report during the subsequent visit about glycemic control. Patients were not clued-up that glycosylated hemoglobin control was the main seek of the study, so there was no chance for Pygmalion effect. Results: Levels of glycosylated hemoglobin were significantly reduced after three months of treatment compared to baseline, with a mean alteration in HbA1c level from baseline of −0.77% (range, −0.68 to − -0.86%) in the entire study population at three months. The percentage of patients who achieved an HbA1c level of <6.9% significantly increased after three months of treatment, reaching 58.1%. Conclusion: HbA1c significantly lowered in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on conventional OADs after adding sitagliptin.

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