Association between severity of COVID-19 symptoms and habitual food intake in adult outpatients

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between habitual frequency of food intake of certain food groups during the COVID-19 pandemic and manifestations of COVID-19 symptoms in adult outpatients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection.DesignWe included 236 patients who attended an outpatient clinic for suspected COVID-19 evaluation. Severity of symptoms, habitual food intake frequency, demographics and Bristol chart scores were obtained before diagnostic confirmation with real-time reverse transcriptase PCR using nasopharyngeal swab.ResultsThe results of the COVID-19 diagnostic tests were positive for 103 patients (44%) and negative for 133 patients (56%). In the SARS-CoV-2-positive group, symptom severity scores had significant negative correlations with habitual intake frequency of specific food groups. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex and occupation confirmed that SARS-CoV-2-positive patients showed a significant negative association between having higher symptom severity and the habitual intake frequency of ‘legumes’ and ‘grains, bread and cereals’.ConclusionsIncrease in habitual frequency of intake of ‘legumes’, and ‘grains, bread and cereals’ food groups decreased overall symptom severity in patients with COVID-19. This study provides a framework for designing a protective diet during the COVID-19 pandemic and also establishes a hypothesis of using a diet-based intervention in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may be explored in future studies.

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Macro- and Micronutrient Intake in Children with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020400 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 400

Author(s):

Ricarda Schmidt ◽

Andreas Hiemisch ◽

Wieland Kiess ◽

Kai von Klitzing ◽

Franziska Schlensog-Schuster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Vitamin B1 ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Treatment Seeking ◽

Food Groups ◽

Future Studies ◽

Micronutrient Intake ◽

Lower Total Energy ◽

Food Diaries ◽

Larger Sample

Although case studies in avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) indicate severe nutritional deficiencies in those with a highly limited amount or variety of food intake, systematic analyses on food intake in treatment-seeking children and adolescents with ARFID are lacking. Within this study, n = 20 patients with an interview-based diagnosis of ARFID (0–17 years) were included and compared to n = 20 healthy controls individually matched for age and sex. Children or parents completed three-day food diaries and a food list. Macronutrient, vitamin, and mineral supply was determined based on the percentage of their recommended intake. The results showed a significantly lower total energy and protein intake in ARFID versus controls, with trends for lower fat and carbohydrate intake. ARFID subtypes of limited amount versus variety of food intake significantly differed in macro-, but not micronutrient intake. Those with ARFID met only 20–30% of the recommended intake for most vitamins and minerals, with significantly lower intake relative to controls for vitamin B1, B2, C, K, zinc, iron, and potassium. Variety of food intake was significantly reduced in ARFID versus controls in all food groups except carbohydrates. This study demonstrated that ARFID goes along with reduced everyday life macro- and micronutrient intake, which may increase the risk for developmental and health problems. Future studies additionally assessing serum nutrient levels in a larger sample may further explore differences in food intake across diverse ARFID presentations.

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Feasibility of a Photo-based Food Diary Approach Among African Pregnant Women in the U.S.

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab046_058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 761-761

Author(s):

Favorite Iradukunda

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Digital Cameras ◽

Food Groups ◽

Food Diary ◽

Future Studies ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Starchy Foods ◽

The U.S

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a photo-based food diary approach among African pregnant women living in the U.S. Methods Photo-based technique. Participants took photos of every meal they ate for seven consecutive days using digital cameras provided during the study. Results A total of 211 photos were collected from eight participants. The response rate was 91% (211/231). Photos had 60 identifiable food items from the five major food groups. The overall distribution was: Fruit (25%), vegetables (13%), dairy (5%), protein (25%), grain, and other starchy foods (31%). Conclusions Participants responded positively to the photo-based diary approach; however, most of them indicated that they would have preferred using their mobile phones. A photo-based diary approach may be a useful strategy for immigrant women to communicate their food intake and preferences with healthcare providers, especially when discussing food that may be unfamiliar to healthcare providers. While individual food intake assessments were not conducted as part of this study, the overall frequency showed a potential low intake of dairy and vegetables for many participants. Future studies should focus on in-depth food intake assessments in order to make specific recommendations. Funding Sources None.

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Development of a Food-Based Index of Dietary Inflammatory Potential for Koreans and Its Relationship with Metabolic Syndrome

10.20944/preprints201804.0124.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Woori Na ◽

Tae Yang Yu ◽

Cheongmin Sohn

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Food Group ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Food Groups ◽

Epidemiology Study ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Multiple Regression Method ◽

Hs Crp

Inflammation is known to be risk factors for metabolic diseases. The purpose of this study was to develop a Food-based Index of Dietary Inflammatory Potential (FBDI) and conduct its validation assessment. This study analyzed raw data from Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study 2012–2014 data of 17,771 people. We carried out the correlation analysis between 51 food groups and hs-CRP. The FBDI was developed by multiple regression method with hs-CRP and selected 17 food group. For the validation of FBDI, 7795 people in the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHAES) was used. Binary logistic regression analysis was used for risk analysis of metabolic syndrome and FBDI. The FBDI model included that 7 were composed of anti-inflammatory food groups and 3 of inflammatory food groups. The FBDI was calculated by multiplying the intake of food group by β coefficients. KNHAES were included in the validation of FBDI. The risk of metabolic syndrome was found to be 2.152 times higher in the group with the highest FBDI than in the group with the lowest one (95% Cl:1.458–3.178, p for trend = 0.000). This study developed FBDI reflecting food intake for Koreans, which showed a significant relationship with the risk of metabolic syndrome.

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Front-line thrombectomy for acute large-vessel occlusion with underlying severe intracranial stenosis: stent retriever versus contact aspiration

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2019.1.jns182905 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 132 (4) ◽

pp. 1202-1208 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dong-Hun Kang ◽

Woong Yoon ◽

Byung Hyun Baek ◽

Seul Kee Kim ◽

Yun Young Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Stent Retriever ◽

Large Vessel ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Large Vessel Occlusion ◽

Front Line ◽

Vessel Occlusion ◽

Aspiration Thrombectomy ◽

Atherosclerotic Stenosis ◽

Antegrade Flow

OBJECTIVEThe optimal front-line thrombectomy choice for primary recanalization of a target artery remains unknown for patients with acute large-vessel occlusion (LVO) and an underlying intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). The authors aimed to compare procedural characteristics and outcomes between patients who received a stent-retriever thrombectomy (SRT) and patients who received a contact aspiration thrombectomy (CAT), as the front-line approach for treating LVO due to severe underlying ICAS.METHODSOne hundred thirty patients who presented with acute LVO and underlying severe ICAS at the occlusion site were included. Procedural characteristics and treatment outcomes were compared between patients treated with front-line SRT (n = 70) and those treated with front-line CAT (n = 60). The primary outcomes were the rate of switching to an alternative thrombectomy technique, time from groin puncture to initial reperfusion, and duration of the procedure. Initial reperfusion was defined as revealing the underlying culprit stenosis with an antegrade flow after thrombectomy.RESULTSThe rate of switching to an alternative thrombectomy after failure of the front-line technique was significantly higher in the CAT group than in the SRT group (40% vs 4.3%; OR 2.543, 95% CI 1.893–3.417, p < 0.001). The median time from puncture to initial reperfusion (17 vs 31 minutes, p < 0.001) and procedure duration (39 vs 75.5 minutes, p < 0.001) were significantly shorter in the SRT group than in the CAT group. In the binary logistic regression analysis, a longer time from puncture to initial reperfusion was an independent predictor of a 90-day poor (modified Rankin Scale score 3–6) functional outcome (per 1-minute increase; OR 1.029, 95% CI 1.008–1.050, p = 0.006).CONCLUSIONSThe authors’ results suggest that SRT may be more effective than CAT for identifying underlying culprit stenosis and therefore considered the optimal front-line thrombectomy technique in acute stroke patients with LVO and severe underlying ICAS.

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AEROBIC EXERCISE VOLUME, NOT PRESCRIPTION, INFLUENCES POST-CONCUSSION SYMPTOMS: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967121s00048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽

pp. 2325967121S0014

Author(s):

David R. Howell ◽

Danielle Hunt ◽

Stacey E. Aaron ◽

William P. Meehan ◽

Can Ozan Tan

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Exercise Prescription ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Care Group ◽

Initial Symptom ◽

Initial Visit ◽

Severity Scores ◽

Text Figure

Background: Current recommendations for sport-related concussion uniformly emphasize the importance of physical activity. However, specifics of this recommendation remain vague and do not account for an exercise dosage or compliance. Purposes: First, we examined if an 8-week individualized sub-symptom threshold aerobic exercise prescription, initiated within the first two weeks of concussion, alleviates symptom severity or affects the amount of exercise performed during the study. Second, we examined whether prescription adherence, rather than randomized group assignment, reflects the actual impact of aerobic exercise in post-concussion recovery. Methods: For this single-site prospective randomized clinical trial, participants completed an aerobic exercise test within 14 days of injury, and were randomized to an individualized aerobic exercise program or standard-of-care, and returned for assessments 1 month and 2 months after the initial visit (Table 1). The aerobic exercise group was instructed to exercise 5 days/week, 20 minutes/day, at a target heart rate based on an exercise test at the initial visit. Participants reported their symptom exercise volume each week over the 8-week study period, and reported symptoms at each study visit (initial, 1 month, 2 month). Results: Initial symptom severity was not different between randomized groups (Figure 1A), and no significant differences in symptom severity were found at the 4-week (Figure 1B) or 8-week (Figure 1C) assessment. In addition, there was no significant differences between groups for average weekly exercise volume during the first four weeks (Figure 2A) or second four weeks (Figure 2B) of the study. During the first four weeks of the study, 65% (n=11/17) of the exercise intervention participants were compliant with their exercise recommendation (≥100 min/week), compared to 45% (n=9/20) of the standard-of-care group (p=0.33). During the second four weeks of the study, 71% (n=12/17) of the exercise prescription group exercised ≥100 min/week, compared to 55% (n=11/20) of the standard-of-care group (p=0.50). When grouped by exercise volume, the group who exercised ≥100 minutes/week during the first month of the study reported significantly lower symptom severity scores than those who exercised <100 minutes/week (Figure 3B), despite similar initial symptom severity scores (Figure 3A). Conclusion: Participant randomization within 14 days of concussion did not lead to a significant reduction in symptoms, or greater exercise volume. Given that greater exercise volume was associated with lower symptoms after one month of the study, researchers and clinicians should pay particular attention to adherence to aerobic exercise programs for the treatment of concussion. [Table: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text]

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How well do neurosurgeons predict survival in patients with high-grade glioma?

Neurosurgical Review ◽

10.1007/s10143-021-01613-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Millgård Sagberg ◽

Asgeir S. Jakola ◽

Ingerid Reinertsen ◽

Ole Solheim

Keyword(s):

Median Survival ◽

Survival Curve ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

High Grade Glioma ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

High Grade ◽

Clinical Prediction ◽

Individual Level ◽

Actual Survival

AbstractDue to the lack of reliable prognostic tools, prognostication and surgical decisions largely rely on the neurosurgeons’ clinical prediction skills. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of neurosurgeons’ prediction of survival in patients with high-grade glioma and explore factors possibly associated with accurate predictions. In a prospective single-center study, 199 patients who underwent surgery for high-grade glioma were included. After surgery, the operating surgeon predicted the patient’s survival using an ordinal prediction scale. A survival curve was used to visualize actual survival in groups based on this scale, and the accuracy of clinical prediction was assessed by comparing predicted and actual survival. To investigate factors possibly associated with accurate estimation, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed. The surgeons were able to differentiate between patients with different lengths of survival, and median survival fell within the predicted range in all groups with predicted survival < 24 months. In the group with predicted survival > 24 months, median survival was shorter than predicted. The overall accuracy of surgeons’ survival estimates was 41%, and over- and underestimations were done in 34% and 26%, respectively. Consultants were 3.4 times more likely to accurately predict survival compared to residents (p = 0.006). Our findings demonstrate that although especially experienced neurosurgeons have rather good predictive abilities when estimating survival in patients with high-grade glioma on the group level, they often miss on the individual level. Future prognostic tools should aim to beat the presented clinical prediction skills.

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Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform: Self-Employment Perspectives from a Case Study of Kimonyi Sector

Land ◽

10.3390/land10020117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 117

Author(s):

Mireille Mizero ◽

Aristide Maniriho ◽

Bosco Bashangwa Mpozi ◽

Antoine Karangwa ◽

Philippe Burny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Policy Reform ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Literacy Skills ◽

Land Policy ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Self Employment ◽

Expropriation Risk ◽

Main Activity

Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform promotes agri-business and encourages self-employment. This paper aims to analyze the situation from a self-employment perspective when dealing with expropriation risk in rural areas. In this study, we conducted a structured survey addressed to 63 domestic units, complemented by focus groups of 47 participants from Kimonyi Sector. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that having job alternatives, men heading domestic units, literacy skills in English, and owning land lease certificates (p < 0.05) are positively and significantly related to awareness of land expropriation risk. The decision of the head of the domestic unit to practice the main activity under self-employment status is positively influenced by owning a land lease certificate, number of plots, and French skills, while skills in English and a domestic unit’s size have a positive and significant influence on involvement in a second activity as self-employed. Information on expropriation risk has no significant effect on self-employment. The domestic unit survey revealed that 34.9% of the heads of domestic units only have one job, 47.6% have at least two jobs in their everyday life, 12.7% have a minimum of three jobs, and 4.8% are inactive. The focus group synthesis exposed the limits to self-employment ability and facilities.

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Raised TSH is associated with endothelial dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome: A case control study

Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1515/rjim-2017-0023 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 212-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ashok Kumar Ahirwar ◽

Archana Singh ◽

Anju Jain ◽

Surajeet Kumar Patra ◽

Binita Goswami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Study Population ◽

Serum Tsh

AbstractIntroduction. Endothelial dysfunction has been considered as one of the important factors in pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome (Met S). Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has also been reported to be associated with Met S. The aim of our study is to evaluate the association of raised TSH with mediators of endothelial dysfunction in Met S with Subclinical hypothyroidism as compared to healthy controls.Methods. Study population consisted of 100 subjects, out of which 50 were cases of Met S and 50 were healthy controls. Met S group were further divided into two, based on the presence & absence of SCH. Serum insulin, T3, T4, TSH were measured by chemiluminescence based immunoassay (CLIA). Serum nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured by Modified Griess’s method and serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels were measured by ELISA.Results. Out of 50 cases of Met S, SCH was diagnosed in 22. The mean serum TSH levels were significantly higher in Met S cases as compared to healthy controls (5.7 ± 1.2 μIU/mL vs. 2.3 ± 1.6 μIU/mL, P <0.0001). Mean serum NO levels were significantly lower in Met S cases as compared to healthy control (15.4 ± 10 μM vs. 21 ± 10 μM, p = 0.009). Mean serum ET-1 levels were significantly higher in Met S cases as compared to healthy controls (2.68 ± 1.7 fmol/mL vs. 2.1 ± 0.84 fmol/mL, p = 0.011). On Pearson’s correlation analysis, TSH showed positive correlation with ET-1 (r = 0.341, p = 0.001) and negative correlation with NO (r = −0.331, p = 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that TSH, NO and ET-1 has significant odd’s ratio for predicting Met S.Conclusion. Met S cases were screened for thyroid abnormalities and found to have 44% of SCH along with co-existing endothelial dysfunction. Raised TSH in SCH could cause endothelial dysfunction which may lead to Met S and associated co-morbidities. Present study gives new insight in linking endothelial dysfunction and raised TSH in Met S. Therefore, Met S cases should be screened for SCH and treated appropriately to attenuate endothelial dysfunction and associated comorbidities in Met S.

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Predicting Burn Mortality Using a Simple Novel Prediction Model

Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1721867 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sneha Sharma ◽

Raman Tandon

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Prediction Model ◽

Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Operating Characteristic ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Apache Ii ◽

Apache Ii Score ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis

Abstract Background Prediction of outcome for burn patients allows appropriate allocation of resources and prognostication. There is a paucity of simple to use burn-specific mortality prediction models which consider both endogenous and exogenous factors. Our objective was to create such a model. Methods A prospective observational study was performed on consecutive eligible consenting burns patients. Demographic data, total burn surface area (TBSA), results of complete blood count, kidney function test, and arterial blood gas analysis were collected. The quantitative variables were compared using the unpaired student t-test/nonparametric Mann Whitney U-test. Qualitative variables were compared using the ⊠2-test/Fischer exact test. Binary logistic regression analysis was done and a logit score was derived and simplified. The discrimination of these models was tested using the receiver operating characteristic curve; calibration was checked using the Hosmer—Lemeshow goodness of fit statistic, and the probability of death calculated. Validation was done using the bootstrapping technique in 5,000 samples. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results On univariate analysis TBSA (p <0.001) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (p = 0.004) were found to be independent predictors of mortality. TBSA (odds ratio [OR] 1.094, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.037–1.155, p = 0.001) and APACHE II (OR 1.166, 95% CI 1.034–1.313, p = 0.012) retained significance on binary logistic regression analysis. The prediction model devised performed well (area under the receiver operating characteristic 0.778, 95% CI 0.681–0.875). Conclusion The prediction of mortality can be done accurately at the bedside using TBSA and APACHE II score.

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Clinical Markers May Identify Patients at Risk for Early Parkinson’s Disease Dementia: A Prospective Study

American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® ◽

10.1177/15333175211021369 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 153331752110213

Author(s):

Anamaria Jurcau ◽

Vharoon Sharma Nunkoo

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Clinical Markers ◽

Pearson Coefficient ◽

Autonomic Dysfunctions ◽

Patients At Risk ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

State Examination

Background: The study aims at identifying features predictive of early onset of dementia in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: 103 non-demented PD patients were evaluated on various scales at baseline and 89 patients at 3-year follow-up. Results: By the end of the study 43.8% of patients developed dementia. The development of dementia was linked to the baseline Mini Mental State Examination score (Pearson coefficient r = .404, p = 0.013), the presence of autonomic dysfunctions (r = −.621, p < 0.001) and insomnia (r = −.526, p = 0.001). A binary logistic regression analysis showed that the development of dementia was correlated strongly with the presence of autonomic dysfunctions (95% CI 2.60 to 52.83, p < 0.001), and insomnia (95% CI 0.60 to 0.95, p = 0.017). Conclusion: Patients with signs of autonomic dysfunction and insomnia are at higher risk for developing dementia and deserve closer monitoring of cognitive symptoms.

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