The ethics of unlinked anonymous testing of blood: views from in-depth interviews with key informants in four countries

Abstract Background The number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive adolescents in secondary school has increased over the years. Little is known on how the students cope to the pressures and demands of their academic and health lives in the boarding secondary schools. This study explored the factors surrounding their anti-retroviral therapy adherence as well as their experiences. Methods We did a qualitative study that employed in-depth interviews amongst purposively selected 19 HIV positive adolescent students in boarding secondary school and seven key informants. Key informants were members of boarding secondary school staff directly taking care of the adolescents living with human immune virus and had spent at least two academic terms in that school. The study participants were recruited from four health facilities in Bushenyi district, southwestern Uganda, and key informants from five boarding secondary schools in Bushenyi. These were engaged in in-depth interviews using an interview guide. Data was transcribed, coded and the content analyzed thematically. Results Adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus in boarding secondary school face challenges similar to adolescents outside boarding school settings. However, some challenges are unique to them. Students faced numerous barriers which made it difficult to adhere to their medication. Stigmatization in its different forms was also a major challenge amongst students. Willingness disclosure of serostatus was beneficial to the students since it guaranteed support while at school; facilitating adherence and better living. However, students were uneasy to disclose their status. Some students adopted negative coping mechanisms such as telling lies, escaping from school, and class to access medication. Conclusions Adolescents in boarding secondary schools face similar challenges as compared to their counterparts with some being unique to them. Few school mechanisms help these students to cope while at school. Limited disclosure has proven useful but some adolescents have opted not to disclose their status and hence used negative coping mechanisms. These challenges need to be addressed and a safe environment to encourage limited disclosure should be made.

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Kesiapan Digital Masyarakat Kampung Adat Naga pada Pelaksanaan One Village One Product

Jurnal ILMU KOMUNIKASI ◽

10.24002/jik.v16i1.1413 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

Nindi Aristi ◽

Preciosa Alnashava Janitra

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Diffusion Of Innovation ◽

Main Product ◽

Case Study Method ◽

Diffusion Of Innovation Theory ◽

Key Informants ◽

Ict Adoption ◽

Depth Interviews

The implementation of One Village One Product (OVOP) program in Indonesia refersto the economic development of one village with one main product from the villagers’ creativity. Naga traditional village is one of traditional villages producing handicraft from natural resources. The use of ICT for promoting and marketing faces obstacles related to ICT adoption and digital readiness of the villagers. Case study method was deployed through in-depth interviews to five key informants. Based on the diffusion of innovation theory, the result shows the ICT adoption is in early majority level and their digital readiness is in the unprepared group

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Customary assets conflict and their impact on social relations fragmentations

Masyarakat Kebudayaan dan Politik ◽

10.20473/mkp.v33i42020.381-392 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 381

Author(s):

Bayu Adhinata

Keyword(s):

Police Officer ◽

Social Relations ◽

Historical Data ◽

Social Conflict ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Key Informants ◽

Ownership Status ◽

The Social ◽

The Temple ◽

Depth Interviews

This research focuses on studying conflicts involving traditional villages in fighting over the ownership status of the Temple of Death (Pura Dalem) as an asset that must be owned by a traditional village. Conflict involving two traditional villages in Bali, namely Kemoning and Budaga Village in Klungkung, resulted from a claim of ownership by one of the parties ahead of a massive celebration tribute to this temple’s birth centuries ago. The ownership claim led to rejection from another party, who said their traditional village was also entitled to the Temple of Death. This mutual ownership claim then escalated into an open conflict that resulted in casualties and injuries between the two parties. This research seeks to outline the root problems of this conflict and describe the actors, dynamics, and impacts of the conflict. This study used a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with five informants consisting of two key informants (former heads of the Kemoning and Budaga Villages), one Klungkung resort police officer, and two people Kemoning and Budaga Village residents. Moore, Mitchell, Furlong, and Kriesberg use several perspectives to analyze the social conflict. The results showed that the problem of the two traditional villages lies in the inaccuracy of historical data, besides that there are different perspectives between the two parties about the existence of this temple, excessive control, and dominance in the management and poor communication caused the emergence of a hostile relationship pattern, raising mutual claims over the ownership of this Temple of Death. The dispute that led to this clash created an increasingly tenuous relationship between the two traditional villages.

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Gambaran Jejaring Kerja Posyandu Lansia Dengan Rukun Warga di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Melur Pekanbaru Dalam Menunjang Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran ◽

10.26891/jik.v12i2.2018.119-127 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 119

Author(s):

T. Mohd Mirza ◽

Tuti Restuastuti ◽

Firdaus Firdaus

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Community Health ◽

Health Center ◽

Community Empowerment ◽

Community Health Care ◽

Key Informants ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

Depth Interviews

Community empowerment activities will be success if it is supported by the ability to build network. An ability to builda network is needed to get the support, that can be done during the interaction in work, such as building a goodnetworking stage. This study aims to describe elderly community health care (ECHC) (posyandu lansia) networkingwith Rukun Warga (RW) in working area of Melur Pekanbaru Health Center. The study was qualitative descriptive,this study involving six main informants, three ECHC cadres and three RT heads and seven key informants, threeheads of ECHC, three heads of RW and one head Puskesmas. Data were collected by in-depth interviews recorded witha voice recorder.The result showed the ECHC Network with RW can help to optimize the implementation of activitiesto support community empowerment as seen from elderly posyandu networking role with RW.

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Digital Television Transition in South Africa

Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development - Digital Access and E-Government ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-5868-4.ch002 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 15-26

Author(s):

Blessing Mbatha

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Digital Television ◽

Digital Information ◽

Key Informants ◽

Open Coding ◽

Global Access ◽

Business Entities ◽

Analogue To Digital ◽

Depth Interviews

This chapter examines possible obstacles to the adoption of digital television in South Africa. A qualitative approach was followed by conducting in-depth interviews with key informants. The data was analyzed using open coding, where dominant themes from the discussions were identified and discussed in detail. This chapter intends to outline the importance of digital readiness from digital television perspective as a platform for universal disposal of digital information to both the citizenry and business entities. In order to do that, the chapter discusses digital migration with a focus to improving e-Government development of promoting global access to government information.The findings show that there are a few challenges in migrating from analogue to digital television in South Africa. From this study, it is evidently shown that the emerging digital television platforms have a lot of potential to be used as a vehicle for e-Government applications.

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“It’s Not Too Aggressive”: Key Features of Social Branding Anti-Tobacco Interventions for High-Risk Young Adults

Health Promotion Practice ◽

10.1177/1524839920910372 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 152483992091037 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriela Toledo ◽

Julia McQuoid ◽

Pamela M. Ling

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

High Risk ◽

Social Environments ◽

Experience Design ◽

Key Informants ◽

Brand Recognition ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Tobacco Use Prevention ◽

Promotional Materials ◽

Depth Interviews

Purpose. Peer crowd–targeted campaigns are a novel approach to engage high-risk young adults in tobacco use prevention and cessation. We elicited the perspectives of young adult key informants to understand how and why two social branding interventions were effective: (1) “COMMUNE,” designed for “Hipsters” as a movement of artists and musicians against Big Tobacco, and (2) “HAVOC,” designed for “Partiers” as an exclusive, smoke-free clubbing experience. Design. Qualitative study (27 semistructured qualitative phone interviews). Setting. Intervention events held in bars in multiple U.S. cities. Participants: Twenty-seven key informants involved in COMMUNE or HAVOC as organizers (e.g., musicians, event coordinators) or event attendees. Measures. We conducted semistructured, in-depth interviews. Participants described intervention events and features that worked or did not work well. Analysis. We used an inductive-deductive approach to thematically code interview transcripts, integrating concepts from intervention design literature and emergent themes. Results: Participants emphasized the importance of fun, interactive, social environments that encouraged a sense of belonging. Anti-tobacco messaging was subtle and nonjudgmental and resonated with their interests, values, and aesthetics. Young adults who represented the intervention were admired and influential among peers, and intervention promotional materials encouraged brand recognition and social status. Conclusion. Anti-tobacco interventions for high-risk young adults should encourage fun experiences; resonate with their interests, values, and aesthetics; and use subtle, nonjudgmental messaging.

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The Roles and Contributions of Stakeholders in Villages Tourism Brand Management in Bali and India

Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) ◽

10.24843/jkb.2020.v10.i01.p04 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Ni Luh Putu Agustini Karta ◽

Ida Ketut Kusumawijaya ◽

Victor Babu Kappola

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Essential Role ◽

Brand Management ◽

Good Image ◽

Important Thing ◽

Key Informants ◽

The Village ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

The purpose of this study is to analyze the stakeholder’s roles and contributions in brand management of village tourisms in Bali and India. A descriptive qualitative research conducted in village tourisms in Bali, Indonesia with village tourisms in Andra Pradesh, India. In-depth interviews and discussions were conducted with twenty key informants involved in the management of the respective village tourisms. The findings are the stakeholders play an essential role in branding village tourisms to be able to build a good image of the destination. All activities offered in village tourisms indirectly become the brand of the village. This brand is expected to increase tourist visits, strengthen the image and keep the village tourisms sustainable. The brand of village tourisms is an important thing to be considered by visitors in selecting the destination, so every stakeholder must contribute to create good brand image.Keywords: roles, stakeholder, branding, village tourisms, image

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Prevalence of maternal HIV infection in Scotland based on unlinked anonymous testing of newborn babies

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/0140-6736(91)93261-7 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 337 (8757) ◽

pp. 1565-1567 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

F. Cockburn ◽

D.M. Tappin ◽

R.W.A. Girdwood ◽

R. Kennedy ◽

A.J. Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Anonymous Testing ◽

Unlinked Anonymous Testing ◽

Maternal Hiv ◽

Maternal Hiv Infection

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Dialéctica motivacional gerencial como hermeneusis en las competencias laborales administrativas

Prohominum ◽

10.47606/acven/ph0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 9-25

Author(s):

María Elisa Chacón-Zapata

Keyword(s):

Work Environment ◽

Work Motivation ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Information Collection ◽

Key Informants ◽

Administrative Personnel ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

Organizational Leader ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Interpretive Perspective

Un buen líder organizacional debe buscar modificar la habilidad y destreza de sus empleados para, de manera efectiva, solucionar los problemas concretos que surgen de situaciones de trabajo que poseen ciertos márgenes de incertidumbre y complejidad técnica, de allí lo fundamental de la motivación. Esta investigación tuvo como propósito interpretar la motivación laboral como estrategia para mejorar el desempeño del personaladministrativo de la Zona Educativa del estado Guárico (Venezuela). Metodológicamente se suscribe al paradigma postpositivista, con un enfoque cualitativo, con una perspectiva interpretativa, bajo el método hermenéutico. Los informantes clave fueron tres trabajadores de esa división. Como técnicas de recolección se emplearon la observación participativa y la entrevista en profundidad; las de interpretación fueron la categorización, la contrastación y la triangulación. Entre los hallazgos más relevantes están la poca motivación de los trabajadores para desarrollar acciones que impulsen el logro de los objetivos emanados desde el ente rector y el ambiente laboral es, generalmente, tenso y conflictivo, lo que genera inseguridad e incomodidad. Palabras clave: dialéctica; motivación; gerencia; competencias laborales administrativas; organización. Abstract A good organizational leader must seek to modify his employees’ skills and abilities, in order to solve, effectively, specific problems in work situations that have certain margins of uncertainty and technical complexity, hence the fundamental motivation. The research’s purpose was to interpret work motivation as a strategy to improve the staff’s performance of the Zona Educativa Guárico administrative personnel division.The methodology was subscribed to the post positivist paradigm, with a qualitative approach, framed in an interpretive perspective, under the hermeneutical method. The study scenario was the Zona Educativa de Guárico State personnel division, for the study execution three workers from that division were taken as key informants. Among the information collection techniques that were used are participatory observationand in-depth interviews. The study interpretation techniques were categorization, contrast and triangulation. Among the most relevant findings is that: in terms of work motivation, there are few incentives on the part of the institution, since they do not carry out any type of motivating actions in order to impulse them to achieve the objectives emanating from the governing principal. Regarding the reflections, we have that the work environment is generally tense and a little conflictive. Some try to do their homework in a cordial way, but they are very few. This situation makes them feel insecure and uncomfortable. Keywords: dialectic; motivation; management; administrative labor competencies; organization.

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