scholarly journals Non-communicable diseases in decontamination workers in areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster: a retrospective observational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. e013885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyoaki Sawano ◽  
Masaharu Tsubokura ◽  
Akihiko Ozaki ◽  
Claire Leppold ◽  
Shuhei Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Fukushima Nuclear Disaster

scholarly journals Prevalence of non-communicable diseases among healthy male decontamination workers after the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan: an observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyoaki Sawano ◽  
Michio Murakami ◽  
Akihiko Ozaki ◽  
Yoshitaka Nishikawa ◽  
Aoi Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Fukushima Nuclear Disaster

AbstractThe health status of healthy decontamination workers employed after the Fukushima nuclear disaster remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of non-communicable diseases among such workers. In this observational study, questionnaires on lifestyle and social factors were administered as part of a health promotion program for decontamination workers in 2016 in Minamisoma City, Fukushima. The questionnaires and health check-up results were compared with those of the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in Japan. Overall, 123 male decontamination workers were enrolled; 93 (75.6%) were drinkers, and 84 (68.3%) were current smokers. The age-adjusted prevalence (95% confidence interval) of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity were 27.2% (20.1–34.4%), 30.4% (22.6–38.2%), 11.3% (5.5–17.1%), and 49.0% (39.0–58.9%), respectively. The age-adjusted prevalence in the NHANES were 32.8% (31.1–34.5%), 16.1% (14.5–17.6%), 7.0% (6.2–7.7%), and 31.2% (29.9–32.5%), respectively. The prevalence of obesity, dyslipidemia, binge drinking, and smoking were higher in healthy male decontamination workers than in the general population. Decontamination workers in disaster-struck areas may have higher risks of developing non-communicable diseases, possibly due to their original health status. Continuous monitoring of their health status and proper interventions are warranted.

scholarly journals The economic burden of chronic non-communicable diseases in rural Malawi: an observational study

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Wang ◽  
Stephan Brenner ◽  
Olivier Kalmus ◽  
Hastings Thomas Banda ◽  
Manuela De Allegri
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

scholarly journals Non-communicable diseases, sociodemographic vulnerability and the risk of mortality in hospitalised children and adolescents with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional observational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e050724
Author(s):  
Braian Lucas Aguiar Sousa ◽  
Alexandra Brentani ◽  
Cecilia Claudia Costa Ribeiro ◽  
Marisa Dolhnikoff ◽  
Sandra Josefina Ferraz Ellero Grisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The North

ObjectivesTo analyse how previous comorbidities, ethnicity, regionality and socioeconomic development are associated with COVID-19 mortality in hospitalised children and adolescents.DesignCross-sectional observational study using publicly available data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health.SettingNationwide.Participants5857 patients younger than 20 years old, all of them hospitalised with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, from 1 January 2020 to 7 December 2020.Main outcome measureWe used multilevel mixed-effects generalised linear models to study in-hospital mortality, stratifying the analysis by age, region of the country, presence of non-communicable diseases, ethnicity and socioeconomic development.ResultsIndividually, most of the included comorbidities were risk factors for mortality. Notably, asthma was a protective factor (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.67). Having more than one comorbidity increased almost tenfold the odds of death (OR 9.67, 95% CI 6.89 to 13.57). Compared with white children, Indigenous, Pardo (mixed) and East Asian had significantly higher odds of mortality (OR 5.83, 95% CI 2.43 to 14.02; OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.51; OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.02 to 8.71, respectively). We also found a regional influence (higher mortality in the North—OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.48 to 4.65) and a socioeconomic association (lower mortality among children from more socioeconomically developed municipalities—OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.38)ConclusionsBesides the association with comorbidities, we found ethnic, regional and socioeconomic factors shaping the mortality of children hospitalised with COVID-19 in Brazil. Our findings identify risk groups among children that should be prioritised for public health measures, such as vaccination.

scholarly journals No significant association between stable iodine intake and thyroid dysfunction in children after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster: an observational study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nishikawa ◽  
C. Suzuki ◽  
Y. Takahashi ◽  
T. Sawano ◽  
H. Kinoshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Iodine Prophylaxis ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Fukushima Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Stable Iodine

Abstract Purpose Stable iodine prophylaxis helps prevent childhood thyroid cancer in nuclear emergencies; however, there is limited information on its effect on thyroid function. This study aimed to examine thyroid function and autoimmunity among children and adolescents that took stable iodine after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster. Methods For this observational study, data were obtained from children and adolescents that underwent thyroid cancer screening at Hirata Central Hospital from April 2012 to March 2018. Participant characteristics, including possible hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, were compared between the prophylaxis and no-prophylaxis groups. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess for possible hypothyroidism, autoantibodies positive, and hyperthyroidism. Results A total of 1,225 participants with stable iodine prophylaxis and 3,946 without prophylaxis were enrolled. Of those participants, blood samples were available for 144 and 1,201 participants in the prophylaxis and no-prophylaxis groups, respectively. There were 17 (11.8%) and 146 cases (12.2%) of possible hypothyroidism or autoantibodies positive cases in the prophylaxis and no-prophylaxis groups, respectively, and there were no cases and 3 cases (0.2%) of possible hyperthyroidism in those two groups, respectively. Multivariable analysis for possible hypothyroidism revealed no association between stable iodine intake and possible hypothyroidism or autoantibodies positive [odds ratio 0.716 (95% confidence interval 0.399–1.284)] (p = 0.262). We did not perform multivariable analysis for hyperthyroidism due to the limited number of cases. Conclusion Significant adverse effects of stable iodine intake on thyroid function were not observed among children and adolescents 7 years after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster.

scholarly journals Magnitude and Determinants of Non Communicable Disease and Its Contributing Factors in Medical Ward of Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, South Western, Ethiopia: A Prospective Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudisa Bereda ◽  
◽  
Gemechis Bereda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Medical Ward ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Background: Non-communicable diseases are defined as diseases or conditions, which affect individuals over an extended period of time (years, decades or even an entire lifetime) and for which there are no known causative agents that are transmitted from one affected individual to another. Noncommunicable diseases are a major global problem. Objective: To find out magnitude and determinants of non-communicable disease and its contributing factors in medical ward of Mettu Karl Referral Hospital. Methods: A prospective observational study design was conducted from April 23/2021 to June 24/2021. Data was collected through employing structured questioner, and then the collected data was coded and analyzed by statistical packages for social sciences 25.0-version statistical software. A test of association was done using binary and multiple logistic regressions. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Findings: The overall prevalence of non-communicable disease in medical ward was 288 (68.2%).Hypertension was the commonest type of noncommunicable disease 41.71% followed by diabetes mellitus 41.5%. Regarding body mass index majority 153 (36.3%) of patients were normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m²) and least 57 (13.5%) of the patients were underweight (<18.5kg/m²). Age, every khat chewers, every alcohol drinkers, BMI ≥thirty kg/m², biochemical risk factors (obesity, high blood pressure, high fasting blood sugar, low density lipoprotein, and comorbidity were significantly predictors of non-communicable diseases). Conclusion and Recommendation: Majority of patients had physical activity ten minutes per day, had sedentary lifestyle ten to thirty hours per week, were walking ten to thirty hours/per week, and above half of patients were use salt always/usually. Health care workers should have teach the patients how to prevent non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals An observational study on pattern of mortalities as per ICD-10 classification system in a tertiary care hospital in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Chinmay Nandi ◽  
Kaushik Mitra ◽  
Dipankar Bhaumik ◽  
Shamik Parna Paul
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Icd 10

Background: Records of vital events like death constitute an important component of the Health Information System. Patterns of mortality decline that occur with the demographic transition is a change in the distribution of deaths by cause away from a pattern dominated by communicable diseases toward one in which non-communicable diseases account for the overwhelming majority of deaths. Aims and Objective: To identify the mortality pattern in Burdwan Medical College as per ICD-10 classification in the year 2017.The study also evaluated socio-demographic distribution and causes of deaths during that period. Materials and Methods: It was an Institution based retrospective observational study. Complete enumeration of all hospital records of medically certified deaths of in-patients from different departments except the Paediatrics who died in 2017 was done. The underlying cause of death was classified according to I.C.D 10th revision, version 16. Information collected included also the demographic characteristics like age, gender, date of admission, place of residence and date of death for the study. Results: In this study, most of the deaths were seen in males (59.99%), with a sex ratio of female to male deaths to be 667 per thousand. The major proportion of deaths was in the age group of 55 to 64 years (23.53%). The percentage distribution of ten major cause groups of death for the period from January to December during 2017 reveals that the group “Diseases of the Circulatory System” had occupied the position of the top-most killer and it had maintained the trend throughout the year with the highest rate in the month of March (43.9%). The cause of death was more in Non-Communicable diseases (Chapter IX, Chapter XIX) compared to that of Communicable diseases. Conclusion: Procedures for death certification and coding of underlying causes of death need to be streamlined to improve reliability of registration data needed for epidemiological research or public health policy formulation.

Hemmkörperentwicklung bei Hämophilie-Patienten nach Präparate wechsel

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S39-S42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kocher ◽  
G. Asmelash ◽  
V. Makki ◽  
S. Müller ◽  
S. Krekeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

SummaryThe retrospective observational study surveys the relationship between development of inhibitors in the treatment of haemophilia patients and risk factors such as changing FVIII products. A total of 119 patients were included in this study, 198 changes of FVIII products were evaluated. Results: During the observation period of 12 months none of the patients developed an inhibitor, which was temporally associated with a change of FVIII products. A frequent change of FVIII products didn’t lead to an increase in inhibitor risk. The change between plasmatic and recombinant preparations could not be confirmed as a risk factor. Furthermore, no correlation between treatment regimens, severity, patient age and comorbidities of the patients could be found.

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