scholarly journals Bidirectional association between migraine and fibromyalgia: retrospective cohort analyses of two populations

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e026581 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Wen Penn ◽  
Eric Chuang ◽  
Tien-Yow Chuang ◽  
Cheng-Li Lin ◽  
Chia-Hung Kao
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Control Cohort ◽  
Healthcare Database ◽  
Bidirectional Association ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Cohort Analyses

ObjectiveFibromyalgia (FM) and migraine are common pain disorders that tend to coexist. This study determined whether these two conditions exhibited any mutual influences.SettingCohort study.ParticipantsA retrospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted using data obtained from a nationwide healthcare database. This study had two arms. Arm 1 comprised 33 216 patients with FM and arm 2 consisted of 7420 patients with migraine; all of these patients were diagnosed between 2000 and 2010. Using the aforementioned database, control subjects who had neither FM nor migraine and were matched with the FM and migraine patients by sex, age and index date of diagnosis were recruited. Each control cohort was four times the size of the corresponding study cohort. Follow-up for the control and study cohorts was conducted until the end of 2011.ResultsThe incidence rates of FM and migraine were calculated in arms 1 and 2, respectively. The overall incidence of migraine was greater in the FM cohort than in the corresponding control cohort (4.39 vs 2.07 per 1000 person-years (PY)); crude HR=2.12, 95% CI=1.96 to 2.30; adjusted HR (aHR)=1.89, 95% CI=1.75 to 2.05). After adjustment for sex, age and comorbidities, the overall incidence of FM in the migraine cohort was 1.57 times greater than that in the corresponding control cohort (7.01 vs 4.49 per 1000 PY; aHR=1.52, 95% CI=1.39 to 1.65).ConclusionsThe present study revealed a bidirectional link between FM and migraine.

scholarly journals DOP44 Cancer risk in a high-incidence inflammatory bowel disease population: a Faroese IBD cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S081-S082
Author(s):  
J M M Midjord ◽  
A G Vang ◽  
T Hammer ◽  
J Burisch ◽  
K R Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Background The association between inflammatory bowel disease and malignancy is still controversial despite many observational studies. The Faroese population exhibits the highest occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of cancer in Faroese IBD patients within the nationwide Faroese IBD cohort. Methods This was a nationwide cohort study of all IBD patients diagnosed in the Faroe Islands from 1960 to 2014. Clinical demographics and cancer diagnosis were retrieved from patient files and from the Faroese cancer registry. Patients were followed until the event of cancer, death or emigration. Patients diagnosed with cancer prior to the IBD diagnosis were excluded. Observed numbers of cancer were compared with expected numbers based on ASR(N) (Nordic age- and sex-specific incidence rates) from Nordcan, by multiplying ASR(N) with person-years and follow-up in the study cohort and presented as standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95 % intervals (CIs). Results The cohort consisted of 664 incidence IBD patients. After excluding 12 patients with cancer prior to IBD diagnosis, 652 patients with a total follow-up length of 11 476 person-years were included (414 UC with 7.494 patient-years, 128 IBDU with 2.038 patient-years and 110 CD with 1.944 patient-years). A total of 56 patients developed cancer during the follow-up period compared with 39.2 expected cases in the background population. We observed no gender difference. In UC, 33 observed compared with 25.7 expected patients developed cancer (SIR 1.28; 95% CI, 0.88–1.80). In IBDU, 13 observed compared with 6.9 expected patients developed cancer (SIR 1.88; 95% CI 1.00–0.22). In CD, 10 cases were observed compared with 6.6 expected (SIR 1.51; 95% CI 0.73–2.79). The most common types of cancers observed are shown in Table 1. Conclusion In this nationwide cohort study, we found no overall risk of cancer in IBD patients in the geographic isolated Faroe Island. However, skin cancer occurred more than expected in IBDU patients. This finding needs to be investigated further including the influence of treatment on cancer risk.

SKIN MELANOMA INCIDENCE IN WORKERS OCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO IONIZING RADIATION OVER A PROLONGED PERIOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Valentina Rybkina ◽  
Tamara Azizova ◽  
Yevgeniya Grigoreva
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Calendar Period ◽  
Skin Melanoma ◽  
Melanoma Incidence ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

Purpose of the study. The study is aimed to investigate skin melanoma incidence in workers occupationally exposed to radiation over a prolonged period. Materials and methods. Skin melanoma incidence was studied in a cohort of workers first employed at nuclear facility Mayak Production Association (PA) between 1948 and 1982 who had been followed up till 31.12.2013 (22,377 individuals). Mean cumulative doses from external gamma-rays over the whole follow-up period were 0.54±0.001 Sv in males and 0.44±0.002 Sv in females. Incident rates for skin melanoma were analyzed by sex, attained age, calendar period of diagnostics and radiation dose using worldwide standard and the direct standardization technique. Results. 60 skin melanoma cases (37 in males and 23 in females) were registered in the study cohort over the whole follow-up period. The standardized skin melanoma incident rate was 8.51±1.46 in males and 8.78±2.27 in females per 100000 workers revealing statistically higher rates compared to corresponding rates for general populations of the Russian Federation, Urals Federal District and Chelyabinsk region. Skin melanoma incidence was significantly increased in the period of 1994 - 2013 as compared to the period of 1974 - 1993. Skin melanoma incidence excess in females was greater than that for males. Skin melanoma incidence increment in females was mostly driven by modifications of disease occurrence risk while in males it was driven by a combined effect of age pattern modifications in the study cohort and increase of disease risk. Conclusions. Skin melanoma incidence rates in the cohort of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over a prolonged period were associated with sex and attained age workers and the calendar period of diagnostics. No significant association of skin melanoma incidence with dose from external gamma-rays was observed. A significantly increasing trend was observed for skin melanoma incidence by the end of the follow-up in both males and females.

scholarly journals Pioglitazone use and Parkinson’s disease: a retrospective cohort study in Taiwan

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e023302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Feng Wu ◽  
Li-Ting Kao ◽  
Jui-Hu Shih ◽  
Hui-Han Kao ◽  
Yu-Ching Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

ObjectivesMany researchers have expected pioglitazone to serve as an effective neuroprotective agent against Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, we conducted this cohort study to investigate the association between pioglitazone use and PD by using a large Asian population-based dataset in Taiwan.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTaiwan.Participants7906 patients with diabetes who had received pioglitazone were defined as the study cohort, and 7906 matched patients with diabetes who had not received pioglitazone were defined as the comparison cohort.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe tracked each patient individually over a 5-year follow-up period to identify those diagnosed as having PD during this period. We performed Cox proportional hazard regression analyses to evaluate the HRs for PD between the study and comparison cohorts.ResultsThe findings indicated that among the sampled patients, PD occurred in 257 (1.63%): 119 (1.51%) pioglitazone users and 138 (1.75%) non-users. The adjusted HR for PD within the follow-up period was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.68 to 1.18) in the patients who had received pioglitazone compared with the matched patients who had not received pioglitazone. Moreover, this study revealed that pioglitazone use was not associated with PD incidence in men (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.71 to 1.59) or women (HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.61 to 1.15).ConclusionsThis study did not find the relationship between pioglitazone use and PD incidence, regardless of sex, among an Asian population of patients with diabetes.

scholarly journals Describing the population experiencing COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough following second vaccination in England: A cohort study from OpenSAFELY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia CA Green ◽  
Helen J Curtis ◽  
William J Hulme ◽  
Elizabeth J Williamson ◽  
Helen I McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Haematological Malignancy ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Death Registry

Background While the vaccines against COVID-19 are considered to be highly effective, COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough is likely and a small number of people will still fall ill, be hospitalised, or die from COVID-19, despite being fully vaccinated. With the continued increase in numbers of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests, describing the characters of individuals who have experienced a COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough could be hugely important in helping to determine who may be at greatest risk. Method We conducted a retrospective cohort study using routine clinical data from the OpenSAFELY TPP database of fully vaccinated individuals, linked to secondary care and death registry data, and described the characteristics of those experiencing a COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough. Results As of 30th June 2021, a total of 10,782,870 individuals were identified as being fully vaccinated against COVID-19, with a median follow-up time of 43 days (IQR: 23-64). From within this population, a total of 16,815 (0.1%) individuals reported a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. For every 1000 years of patient follow-up time, the corresponding incidence rate was ​​12.33 (95% CI 12.14-12.51). There were 955 COVID-19 hospital admissions and 145 COVID-19-related deaths; corresponding incidence rates of 0.70 (95% CI 0.65-0.74) and 0.12 (95% CI 0.1-0.14), respectively. When broken down by the initial priority group, higher rates of hospitalisation and death were seen in those in care homes. Comorbidities with the highest rates of breakthrough COVID-19 included renal replacement therapy, organ transplant, haematological malignancy, and immunocompromised. Conclusion The majority of COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough cases in England were mild with relatively few fully vaccinated individuals being hospitalised or dying as a result. However, some concerning differences in rates of breakthrough cases were identified in several clinical and demographic groups, The continued increase in numbers of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests are concerning and, as numbers of fully vaccinated individuals increases and follow-up time lengthens, so too will the number of COVID-19 breakthrough cases. Additional analyses, aimed at identifying individuals at higher risk, are therefore required.

scholarly journals Bidirectional association between blood pressure and depressive symptoms in young and middle-age adults: A cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Won Jeon ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
Se-Won Lim ◽  
Juhee Cho ◽  
Han-Na Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Bidirectional Association

Abstract Aims To evaluate the bidirectional relationship between blood pressure (BP) and depressive symptoms using a large prospective cohort study. Methods Prospective cohort study was performed in 276 244 adults who participated in a regular health check-up and were followed annually or biennially for up to 5.9 years. BP levels were categorised according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association hypertension guidelines. Depressive symptoms were assessed using Centre for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CESD) questionnaire and a cut-off score of ≥25 was regarded as case-level depressive symptoms. Results During 672 603.3 person-years of follow-up, 5222 participants developed case-level depressive symptoms. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for incident case-level depressive symptoms comparing hypotension, elevated BP, hypertension stage 1 and hypertension stage 2 to normal BP were 1.07 (0.99–1.16), 0.93 (0.82–1.05), 0.89 (0.81–0.97) and 0.81 (0.62–1.06), respectively (p for trend <0.001). During 583 615.3 person-years of follow-up, 27 787 participants developed hypertension. The multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) for incident hypertension comparing CESD 16–24 and ⩾25 to CESD < 16 were 1.05 (1.01–1.11) and 1.12 (1.03–1.20), respectively (p for trend <0.001) and in the time-dependent models, corresponding HRs (95% CI) were 1.12 (1.02–1.24) and 1.29 (1.10–1.50), respectively (p for trend <0.001). Conclusions In this large cohort study of young and middle-aged individuals, higher BP levels were independently associated with a decreased risk for developing case-level depressive symptoms and depressive symptoms were also associated with incident hypertension. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the bidirectional association between BP levels and incident depression.

scholarly journals Incidence and time trends of joint surgery in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a register-based time series and cohort study from Denmark

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 1517-1523
Author(s):  
Jørgen Guldberg-Møller ◽  
Rene Lindholm Cordtz ◽  
Lars Erik Kristensen ◽  
Lene Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Joint Surgery ◽  
Rate Ratios

ObjectiveTo investigate time-trends and cumulative incidence of joint surgery among patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) compared with the general population.MethodsIn this nationwide register-based cohort study, The Danish National Patient Registry was used to identify incident PsA patients. The 5-year incidence rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) of joint surgery were calculated in four calendar-period defined cohorts. Each patient was matched with ten non-PsA individuals from the general population cohort (GPC). The cumulative incidences of any joint and joint-sacrificing surgery, respectively, were estimated using the Aalen-Johansen method.ResultsFrom 1996 to 2017, 11 960 PsA patients (mean age 50 years; 57% female) were registered. The IRR of any joint surgery was twice as high for PsA patients compared with GPCs across all calendar periods. Among patients with PsA, 2, 10 and 29% required joint surgery at 5, 10 and 15 years after diagnosis. The risk of surgery in PsA patients diagnosed at 18–40 years was higher (22%) than in GPC 60+ year old (20%) after 15 years of follow-up.ConclusionsThe use of joint surgery among PsA patients remained around twofold higher from 1996 to 2012 compared with GPC. After 15 years of follow-up, nearly 30% of the PsA patients had received any surgery, and even a person diagnosed with PsA at the age of 18–40 years had a higher risk of surgery than GPCs of 60+ year old. Thus, the high surgical rates represent an unmet need in the current treatment of PsA.

Markedly Reduced Risk of Internal Malignancies in Patients With Vitiligo: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 903-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Min Bae ◽  
Kee Yang Chung ◽  
Sook Jung Yun ◽  
Heesu Kim ◽  
Byung Cheol Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Frequency Matching ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Reduced Risk

PURPOSE Recent studies indicated that the autoimmunity of vitiligo exerts effects on cells other than melanocytes, which confer reduced risks of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers in patients with vitiligo. However, the risk of internal malignancy in patients with vitiligo has not been elucidated. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance claims database obtained from January 2007 to December 2016. All patients age 20 years or older with vitiligo who had at least two contacts with a physician from 2009 to 2016, during which a principal diagnosis was made, were identified (vitiligo group). Controls were randomly selected (two per patient with vitiligo) after frequency matching with the vitiligo group for age and sex during the same period (control group). RESULTS A total of 101,078 patients with vitiligo and 202,156 controls without vitiligo were included. The incidence rates of internal malignancies were 612.9 and 708.9 per 100,000 person-years in the vitiligo and control groups, respectively. Patients with vitiligo showed a significantly reduced risk of overall internal malignancies (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.89; P < .001) compared with controls without vitiligo after adjustments for age, sex, and comorbidities. With regard to organ-specific malignancies, patients with vitiligo showed a remarkably decreased risk of cancer in the colon and rectum (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.69; P < .001), ovary (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.83; P < .001), and lung (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.86; P < .001). CONCLUSION Vitiligo was associated with a reduced risk of overall internal malignancies. These findings suggest that autoimmune diseases, including vitiligo, may provide immune surveillance for the development of cancer beyond the targeted organ.

scholarly journals Effects of colchicine on risk of cardiovascular events and mortality among patients with gout: a cohort study using electronic medical records linked with Medicare claims

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1674-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H Solomon ◽  
Chih-Chin Liu ◽  
I-Hsin Kuo ◽  
Agnes Zak ◽  
Seoyoung C Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Medicare Claims ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cv Disease

BackgroundColchicine may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular (CV) disease, but there are sparse data on its CV effect among patients with gout. We examined the potential association between colchicine and CV risk and all-cause mortality in gout.MethodsThe analyses used data from an electronic medical record (EMR) database linked with Medicare claims (2006–2011). To be eligible for the study cohort, subjects must have had a diagnosis of gout in the EMR and Medicare claims. New users of colchicine were identified and followed up from the first colchicine dispensing date. Non-users had no evidence of colchicine prescriptions during the study period and were matched to users on the start of follow-up, age and gender. Both groups were followed for the primary outcome, a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischaemic attack. We calculated HRs in Cox regression, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsWe matched 501 users with an equal number of non-users with a median follow-up of 16.5 months. During follow-up, 28 primary CV events were observed among users and 82 among non-users. Incidence rates per 1000 person-years were 35.6 for users and 81.8 for non-users. After full adjustment, colchicine use was associated with a 49% lower risk (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.88) in the primary CV outcome as well as a 73% reduction in all-cause mortality (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.85, p=0.007).ConclusionsColchicine use was associated with a reduced risk of a CV event among patients with gout.

scholarly journals Associations between Parenting Style and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents Aged 11–17 Years: Results of the KiGGS Cohort Study (Second Follow-Up)

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Özge Azman ◽  
Elvira Mauz ◽  
Matthias Reitzle ◽  
Raimund Geene ◽  
Heike Hölling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Migration Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Emotional Distancing

Few studies from Germany have investigated the associations between parenting style and children’s and adolescents’ health. Little attention has been directed to whether these associations vary with familial socioeconomic or migration status. The aim of this analysis was to investigate the association between parenting style and the mental health of children and adolescents aged 11–17 years using data from the KiGGS cohort study (second follow-up). We calculated mean Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) total difficulties scores stratified by parenting style (authoritative, permissive, demanding–controlling, emotional distancing). Linear regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic status, migration status, and family status were performed. We also analyzed moderating effects of socioeconomic and migrations status on associations between parenting style and SDQ scores. There were only small differences between the permissive and the authoritative parenting styles. Significantly higher mean scores were observed for the demanding–controlling and emotional distancing styles for both the mother and father. These associations persisted after full adjustment and did not vary by socioeconomic or migration status. Parenting behavior is an important predictor of children’s and adolescents’ mental health. The promotion of good relationships within families and improving parenting skills offer promising approaches for health promotion in young people.

scholarly journals Sepsis Recording in Primary Care Electronic Health Records, Linked Hospital Episodes and Mortality Records: Population-based Cohort Study in England

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Rezel-Potts ◽  
Martin C. Gulliford ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Recent Period ◽  
General Practices ◽  
Different Sources

AbstractObjectivesSepsis is a growing concern for health systems, but the epidemiology of sepsis is poorly characterised. We evaluated sepsis recording across primary care electronic records, hospital episodes and mortality registrations.Methods and FindingsCohort study including 378 general practices in England from Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD database from 2002 to 2017 with 36,209,676 patient-years of follow-up with linked Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) and Office for National Statistics (ONS) mortality registrations. Incident sepsis episodes were identified for each source. Concurrent records from different sources were identified and age-standardised and age-specific incidence rates compared. Logistic regression analysis evaluated associations of gender, age-group, fifth of deprivation and period of diagnosis with concurrent sepsis recording.There were 20,206 first episodes of sepsis from primary care, 20,278 from HES and 13,972 from ONS. There were 4,117 (20%) first HES sepsis events and 2,438 (17%) mortality records concurrent with incident primary care sepsis records within 30 days. Concurrent HES and primary care records of sepsis within 30 days before or after first diagnosis were higher at younger or older ages and for patients with the most recent period of diagnosis with those diagnosed during 2007:2011 less likely to have a concurrent HES record given CPRD compared to those diagnosed during 2012 to 2017 (odd ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.60 to 0.70). At age 85 and older, primary care incidence was 5.22 per 1,000 patient years (95% CI 1.75 to 11.97) in men and 3.55 (0.87 to 9.58) in women which increased to 10.09 (4.86 to 18.51) for men and 7.22 (2.96 to 14.72) for women after inclusion of all three sources.ConclusionExplicit recording of sepsis is inconsistent across healthcare sectors with a high proportion of non-concurrent records. Incidence estimates are higher when linked data are analysed.

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