scholarly journals Equity considerations in outcome measures of the HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis care continuum in high-income countries: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e040701
Author(s):  
Melissa Cabecinha ◽  
Danielle Solomon ◽  
Greta Rait ◽  
John Saunders ◽  
Hamish Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Care Continuum ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Prep Implementation ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

IntroductionHIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective intervention to reduce acquisition of HIV. PrEP provision has increased in recent years, however, it is not known whether PrEP implementation has been equitably implemented across all risk groups, particularly groups experiencing high levels of health inequity. A PrEP care continuum (PCC) has been proposed to evaluate the success of PrEP implementation programmes, but the extent to which health equity characteristics are currently taken into account in the PCC has not been described. The objectives of this proposed systematic review are to (i) identify and collate outcome measure definitions for the main stages of the PCC (awareness, acceptability, uptake, adherence and retention), (ii) describe how equity characteristics are considered in outcome definitions of the PCC and (iii) describe data sources for capturing equity characteristics.Methods and analysisQuantitative studies published between 1 January 2012 and 3 March 2020 will be included. Five databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts) will be searched to identify English language publications that include an outcome measure definition of at least one of the five main stages of the PCC. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Data on outcome measure definitions and equity characteristics will be extracted. Results will be presented in a narrative synthesis and all findings will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. The results will be disseminated via submission for publication to a peer-reviewed journal when complete. The review findings will have relevance to healthcare professionals, policymakers and commissioners in informing how to best evaluate PrEP implementation programmes and inform new implementation strategies for vulnerable and less advantaged populations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020169779.

scholarly journals Frailty inclusive care in acute and community-based settings: a systematic review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel L. Montgomery ◽  
Gareth Hopkin ◽  
Sean M. Bagshaw ◽  
Erin Hessey ◽  
Darryl B. Rolfson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Pathways ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Health Services Use ◽  
Care Continuum

Abstract Background Frailty is a known risk factor for an array of adverse outcomes including more frequent and prolonged health services use and high health care costs. Aging of the population has implications for care provision across the care continuum, particularly for people living with frailty. Despite known risks associated with frailty, there has been limited research on care pathways that address the needs of persons living with frailty. Our study aims to review and examine, in a rigorous way, the quality of evidence for multi-component interventions and care pathways focused on frailty. Methods A comprehensive electronic search strategy will be used to identify studies that evaluate multi-component interventions or care pathways for persons living with frailty. The search strategy will include terms for frailty, multi-component interventions, effectiveness, and cost effectiveness applied to the following databases: MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. An adapted search for Google Scholar and gray literature databases will also be used. References of included studies will be hand-searched for additional citations of frailty-inclusive care. Known experts and corresponding authors of identified articles will be contacted by email to identify further eligible studies. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment tool. Data will be extracted from eligible studies and it is anticipated that narrative analysis will be used. If studies with sufficient homogeneity are found, then pooled effects will be reported using meta-analysis. Discussion This review will appraise the evidence currently available on multi-component frailty interventions. Results will inform on clinical pathway development for people living with frailty across the care continuum and will guide future research to address gaps in the literature and areas in need of further development. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020166733

scholarly journals Tri-Response Police, Ambulance, Mental Health Crisis Models in Reducing Involuntary Detentions of Mentally Ill People: Protocol for a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8230
Author(s):  
Julia Heffernan ◽  
Ewan McDonald ◽  
Elizabeth Hughes ◽  
Richard Gray
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mental Health Crisis ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Response Models

Police, ambulance and mental health tri-response services are a relatively new model of responding to people experiencing mental health crisis in the community, but limited evidence exists examining their efficacy. To date there have been no systematic reviews that have examined the association between the tri-response model and rates of involuntary detentions. A systematic review examining co-response models demonstrated possible reduction in involuntary detention, however, recommended further research. The aim of this protocol is to describe how we will systematically review the evidence base around the relationship of the police, ambulance mental health tri-response models in reducing involuntary detentions. We will search health, policing and grey literature databases and include clinical evaluations of any design. Risk of bias will be determined using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool and a narrative synthesis will be undertaken to synthesis key themes. Risk of bias and extracted data will be summarized in tables and results synthesis tabulated to identify patterns within the included studies. The findings will inform future research into the effectiveness of tri-response police, ambulance, and mental health models in reducing involuntary detentions.

scholarly journals FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD NEOPHOBIA IN CHILDREN: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamara de Oliveira Torres ◽  
Daiene Rosa Gomes ◽  
Mússio Pirajá Mattos
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Food Selectivity ◽  
Food Neophobia ◽  
Factors Associated

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the factors associated with food neophobia in children through a systematic review. Data sources: This research was based on the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The research was carried out in the PubMed, Science Direct, and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases, with the combination of health descriptors in English and Portuguese: (“Food Neophobia” OR “Feeding Behavior” OR “Food Preferences” OR “Food Selectivity”) AND Child, from 2000 to 2019. Studies that evaluated factors associated with food neophobia in children were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project: Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (QATQS). Data synthesis: 19 studies were included in the systematic review. The prevalence of food neophobia ranged from 12.8 to 100%. The studies used three different scales to measure the level of food neophobia. The main factors associated with food neophobia were: parental influence on children’s eating habits, children’s innate preference for sweet and savory flavors, influence of the sensory aspect of the food, parents’ pressure for the child to eat, parents’ lack of encouragement and/or affection at mealtime, childhood anxiety, and diets with low variety and low nutritional quality. Conclusions: The factors associated with food neophobia permeate several areas of the child’s life, thus, interprofessional follow-up becomes essential in the intervention process.

scholarly journals Virtual reality relaxation for the general population: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Riches ◽  
Lisa Azevedo ◽  
Leanne Bird ◽  
Sara Pisani ◽  
Lucia Valmaggia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
General Population ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Purpose Relaxation has significant restorative properties and implications for public health. However, modern, busy lives leave limiting time for relaxation. Virtual reality (VR) experiences of pleasant and calming virtual environments, accessed with a head-mounted display (HMD), appear to promote relaxation. This study aimed to provide a systematic review of feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of studies that use VR to promote relaxation in the general population (PROSPERO 195,804). Methods Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, and MEDLINE were searched until 29th June 2020. Studies were included in the review if they used HMD technology to present virtual environments that aimed to promote or measure relaxation, or relaxation-related variables. The Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool was used to assess methodological quality of studies. Results 6403 articles were identified through database searching. Nineteen studies published between 2007 and 2020, with 1278 participants, were included in the review. Of these, thirteen were controlled studies. Studies predominantly used natural audio-visual stimuli to promote relaxation. Findings indicate feasibility, acceptability, and short-term effectiveness of VR to increase relaxation and reduce stress. Six studies received an EPHPP rating of ‘strong’, seven were ‘moderate’, and six were ‘weak’. Conclusions VR may be a useful tool to promote relaxation in the general population, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, when stress is increasing worldwide. However, methodological limitations, such as limited randomised controlled trials and longer-term evidence, mean that these conclusions should be drawn with caution. More robust studies are needed to support this promising area of VR relaxation.

scholarly journals P122: Ready for the story? A mixed methods systematic review of factors that influence handovers between prehospital personnel and emergency department nurses receiving patients arriving by ambulance

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S100-S100
Author(s):  
G. Reay ◽  
J. Norris ◽  
L. Nowell ◽  
J. Abraham ◽  
A. Hayden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Emergency Nurses ◽  
Emergency Department Nurses

Introduction: Safe and efficient handovers between emergency medical services (EMS) practitioners and emergency nurses are vital as poor transitions may lead to loss of information and place patients at risk for adverse events. We conducted a mixed methods systematic review to a) examine factors that disrupt or improve handovers from EMS practitioners to emergency department nurses, and b) investigate the effectiveness of interventional strategies that lead to improvements in communication and fewer adverse events. Methods: We searched electronic databases (DARE, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, Joanna Briggs Institute EBP; Communication Abstracts); grey literature (grey literature databases, organization websites, querying experts in emergency medicine); and reference lists of the included studies. Citation tracking was conducted for the included studies. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts and full-texts for inclusion and methodological quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for quantitative studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critic Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Narrative and thematic synthesis were conducted to integrate and explore relationships within the data. Results: Twenty-two studies were included in this review from the 6150 records initially retrieved. Our analysis suggests that qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research approaches have been utilized to explore handovers. Studies (n=11) have predominantly explored existing patterns of handovers focusing on barriers and facilitators. Interventions (e.g. multimedia transmission of pre-hospital information, tailored e-learning program) were investigated in five studies. Results suggest that lack of formal handover training, workflow interruptions, workload, and strained working relationships between EMS and nursing are perceived threats to optimal handovers. Conclusion: The findings from this review can inform the development of handover interventions and contribute to a more rigorous approach to researching handovers between EMS practitioners and emergency nurses. Furthermore, there is a need for studies in which specific interventions to optimize handovers are examined.

Systematic review of musculoskeletal injuries in professional golfers

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G Robinson ◽  
Iain R Murray ◽  
Andrew D Duckworth ◽  
Roger Hawkes ◽  
Danny Glover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Professional Golfers ◽  
Definition Of

ObjectiveThe distribution of injuries affecting professional golfers is yet to be fully understood. We performed a systematic review of the clinical literature to establish the epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries affecting professional golfers.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesSearched databases in July 2018 were PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Embase.Eligibility criteriaPublished observational research articles relating to the incidence or prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in professional golfers, which were written in the English language and not restricted by age or gender.ResultsOf the 1863 studies identified on the initial search, 5 studies were found to satisfy the inclusion criteria for analysis. The mean age of the golfers in these studies was 34.8 (±3.6) years. The gender of patients in included studies compromised 72% males and 28% females. Four studies reported that lumbar spine injuries were the most common (range 22%–34%). Excluding injuries to the spine (lumbar, thoracic and cervical), the hand/wrist was the next most common region of injury (range 6%–37%). The quality of the studies was relatively poor with no study satisfying >50% of the quality assessment tool questions and only one study giving a clear definition of how they defined injury.ConclusionThere is a paucity of well-designed epidemiological studies evaluating musculoskeletal injuries affecting professional golfers. Injuries to the spine are the most frequently affected region, followed by the hand/wrist. This study has identified targeted areas of future research that aims to improve the management of injuries among professional golfers.

Measurement and monitoring patient safety in prehospital care: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul O’connor ◽  
Roisin O’malley ◽  
Anne-Marie Oglesby ◽  
Kathryn Lambe ◽  
Sinéad Lydon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
English Language ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Prehospital Care ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Incident Reporting Systems ◽  
Safety Interventions ◽  
Single Method ◽  
Blind Spots

Abstract Background Prehospital care is potentially hazardous with the possibility for patients to experience an adverse event. However, as compared to secondary care, little is known about how patient safety is managed in prehospital care settings. Objectives The objectives of this systematic review were to identify and classify the methods of measuring and monitoring patient safety that have been used in prehospital care using the five dimensions of the Measuring and Monitoring Safety (MMS) framework and use this classification to identify where there are safety ‘blind spots’ and make recommendations for how these deficits could be addressed. Methods Searches were conducted in January 2020, with no limit on publication year, using Medline, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science and Academic Search. Reference lists of included studies and existing related reviews were also screened. English-language, peer-reviewed studies concerned with measuring and monitoring safety in prehospital care were included. Two researchers independently extracted data from studies and applied a quality appraisal tool (the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs). Results A total of 5301 studies were screened, with 52 included in the review. A total of 73% (38/52) of the studies assessed past harm, 25% (13/52) the reliability of safety critical processes, 1.9% (1/52) sensitivity to operations, 38.5% (20/52) anticipation and preparedness and 5.8% (3/52) integration and learning. A total of 67 methods for measuring and monitoring safety were used across the included studies. Of these methods, 38.8% (26/67) were surveys, 29.9% (20/67) were patient records reviews, 14.9% (10/67) were incident reporting systems, 11.9% (8/67) were interviews or focus groups and 4.5% (3/67) were checklists. Conclusions There is no single method of measuring and monitoring safety in prehospital care. Arguably, most safety monitoring systems have evolved, rather than been designed. This leads to safety blind spots in which information is lacking, as well as to redundancy and duplication of effort. It is suggested that the findings from this systematic review, informed by the MMS framework, can provide a structure for critically thinking about how safety is being measured and monitored in prehospital care. This will support the design of a safety surveillance system that provides a comprehensive understanding of what is being done well, where improvements should be made and whether safety interventions have had the desired effect.

scholarly journals Computational Phenotyping of Obstructive Airway Diseases: Protocol for A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muwada Bashir ◽  
Rani Basna ◽  
Guo-Qiang Zhang ◽  
Helena Beckman ◽  
Anne Lindberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Quality Appraisal ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Obstructive Airway Diseases

Abstract Background: Over the last decade, computational sciences have contributed immensely to characterization of phenotypes of airway diseases, but it is difficult to compare derived phenotypes across studies, perhaps as a result of the different decisions that fed into these phenotyping exercises. We aim to perform a systematic review of studies using computational approaches to phenotype obstructive airway diseases in children and adults.Methods and analysis: We will search PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholar for papers published between 2010 and 2020. Conferences proceedings, reference list of included papers, and experts will form additional sources of literature. Two reviewers will independently screen the retrieved studies for eligibility, extract relevant data, and perform quality appraisal of included studies. A third reviewer will arbitrate any disagreements in these processes. Quality appraisal of the studies will be undertaken using the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool. We will use summary tables to describe the included studies. We will narratively synthesize the generated evidence, providing critical assessment of the populations, variables, and computational approaches used in deriving the phenotypes across studiesConclusion: As progress continues to be made in the area of computational phenotyping of chronic obstructive airway diseases, this systematic review, the first on this topic, will provide the state-of-the-art on the field and highlight important perspectives for future works.Ethics and dissemination: No ethical approval is needed for this work is based only on the published literature and does not involve collection of any primary or human data.Registration: The protocol of this the review process is registered in PROSPERO with the number: CRD42020164898.

scholarly journals The Effects of Multi-Component Interventions on Cognition: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 650-650
Author(s):  
Sangwoo Ahn ◽  
Joel Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Cohen's D

Abstract Given the lack of a cure for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the number of people with AD is expected to surge unless the onset is delayed. Although there have been efforts to examine the effects of single-domain neuroprotective interventions on cognition, no conclusive results have been found so far. Due to the multifactorial causes of AD, interventions combining multiple neuroprotective components may induce more beneficial effects. However, there are few comprehensive reviews evaluating the effects of multi-domain programs on cognition. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of currently available multi-component interventions on cognition such as global cognition, episodic memory, and/or executive function affected early in AD. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO up to September 2020. Of the 1,445 articles located, 17 met eligibility criteria (n = 10,056, mean age = 72.8 years). According to the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, 8 and 9 studies had strong and moderate overall quality, respectively. The effect sizes of each included study were calculated using Cohen’s d. Multi-component interventions comprising physical activity, cognitive exercise, cardioprotective nutrition, and/or cardiovascular health consultation/education exerted beneficial effects on cognition (very small to moderate effect sizes; Cohen’s d = 0.16 to 0.77). Clinically, health care providers are recommended to consider those elements to potentially stave off AD. There is a pressing need for researchers to identify optimally effective doses of neuroprotective multi-component interventions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document