scholarly journals Computational Phenotyping of Obstructive Airway Diseases: Protocol for A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muwada Bashir ◽  
Rani Basna ◽  
Guo-Qiang Zhang ◽  
Helena Beckman ◽  
Anne Lindberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Quality Appraisal ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Obstructive Airway Diseases

Abstract Background: Over the last decade, computational sciences have contributed immensely to characterization of phenotypes of airway diseases, but it is difficult to compare derived phenotypes across studies, perhaps as a result of the different decisions that fed into these phenotyping exercises. We aim to perform a systematic review of studies using computational approaches to phenotype obstructive airway diseases in children and adults.Methods and analysis: We will search PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholar for papers published between 2010 and 2020. Conferences proceedings, reference list of included papers, and experts will form additional sources of literature. Two reviewers will independently screen the retrieved studies for eligibility, extract relevant data, and perform quality appraisal of included studies. A third reviewer will arbitrate any disagreements in these processes. Quality appraisal of the studies will be undertaken using the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool. We will use summary tables to describe the included studies. We will narratively synthesize the generated evidence, providing critical assessment of the populations, variables, and computational approaches used in deriving the phenotypes across studiesConclusion: As progress continues to be made in the area of computational phenotyping of chronic obstructive airway diseases, this systematic review, the first on this topic, will provide the state-of-the-art on the field and highlight important perspectives for future works.Ethics and dissemination: No ethical approval is needed for this work is based only on the published literature and does not involve collection of any primary or human data.Registration: The protocol of this the review process is registered in PROSPERO with the number: CRD42020164898.

scholarly journals Computational phenotyping of obstructive airway diseases: protocol for a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muwada Bashir ◽  
Rani Basna ◽  
Guo-Qiang Zhang ◽  
Helena Beckman ◽  
Anne Lindberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Quality Appraisal ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Obstructive Airway Diseases ◽  
Effective Public Health

Abstract Background: Over the last decade, computational sciences have contributed immensely to characterization of phenotypes of airway diseases, but it is difficult to compare derived phenotypes across studies, perhaps as a result of the different decisions that fed into these phenotyping exercises. We aim to perform a systematic review of studies using computational approaches to phenotype obstructive airway diseases in children and adults.Methods and analysis: We will search PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholar for papers published between 2010 and 2020. Conferences proceedings, reference list of included papers, and experts will form additional sources of literature. Two reviewers will independently screen the retrieved studies for eligibility, extract relevant data, and perform quality appraisal of included studies. A third reviewer will arbitrate any disagreements in these processes. Quality appraisal of the studies will be undertaken using the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool. We will use summary tables to describe the included studies. We will narratively synthesize the generated evidence, providing critical assessment of the populations, variables, and computational approaches used in deriving the phenotypes across studiesConclusion: As progress continues to be made in the area of computational phenotyping of chronic obstructive airway diseases, this systematic review, the first on this topic, will provide the state-of-the-art on the field and highlight important perspectives for future works.Registration and reporting:The full protocol for this systematic review is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews with the number CRD42020164898 according to the requirements of the PRISMA-P guideline(1, 2).

scholarly journals Multimorbidity clusters in patients with chronic obstructive airway diseases in the EpiChron Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonás Carmona-Pírez ◽  
Beatriz Poblador-Plou ◽  
Ignatios Ioakeim-Skoufa ◽  
Francisca González-Rubio ◽  
Luis Andrés Gimeno-Feliú ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Obstructive Airway Diseases

AbstractChronic obstructive airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, rhinitis, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are amongst the most common treatable and preventable chronic conditions with high morbidity burden and mortality risk. We aimed to explore the existence of multimorbidity clusters in patients with such diseases and to estimate their prevalence and impact on mortality. We conducted an observational retrospective study in the EpiChron Cohort (Aragon, Spain), selecting all patients with a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, asthma, COPD, and/or OSA. The study population was stratified by age (i.e., 15–44, 45–64, and ≥ 65 years) and gender. We performed cluster analysis, including all chronic conditions recorded in primary care electronic health records and hospital discharge reports. More than 75% of the patients had multimorbidity (co-existence of two or more chronic conditions). We identified associations of dermatologic diseases with musculoskeletal disorders and anxiety, cardiometabolic diseases with mental health problems, and substance use disorders with neurologic diseases and neoplasms, amongst others. The number and complexity of the multimorbidity clusters increased with age in both genders. The cluster with the highest likelihood of mortality was identified in men aged 45 to 64 years and included associations between substance use disorder, neurologic conditions, and cancer. Large-scale epidemiological studies like ours could be useful when planning healthcare interventions targeting patients with chronic obstructive airway diseases and multimorbidity.

scholarly journals Tri-Response Police, Ambulance, Mental Health Crisis Models in Reducing Involuntary Detentions of Mentally Ill People: Protocol for a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8230
Author(s):  
Julia Heffernan ◽  
Ewan McDonald ◽  
Elizabeth Hughes ◽  
Richard Gray
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mental Health Crisis ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Response Models

Police, ambulance and mental health tri-response services are a relatively new model of responding to people experiencing mental health crisis in the community, but limited evidence exists examining their efficacy. To date there have been no systematic reviews that have examined the association between the tri-response model and rates of involuntary detentions. A systematic review examining co-response models demonstrated possible reduction in involuntary detention, however, recommended further research. The aim of this protocol is to describe how we will systematically review the evidence base around the relationship of the police, ambulance mental health tri-response models in reducing involuntary detentions. We will search health, policing and grey literature databases and include clinical evaluations of any design. Risk of bias will be determined using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool and a narrative synthesis will be undertaken to synthesis key themes. Risk of bias and extracted data will be summarized in tables and results synthesis tabulated to identify patterns within the included studies. The findings will inform future research into the effectiveness of tri-response police, ambulance, and mental health models in reducing involuntary detentions.

scholarly journals Equity considerations in outcome measures of the HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis care continuum in high-income countries: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e040701
Author(s):  
Melissa Cabecinha ◽  
Danielle Solomon ◽  
Greta Rait ◽  
John Saunders ◽  
Hamish Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Care Continuum ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Prep Implementation ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

IntroductionHIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective intervention to reduce acquisition of HIV. PrEP provision has increased in recent years, however, it is not known whether PrEP implementation has been equitably implemented across all risk groups, particularly groups experiencing high levels of health inequity. A PrEP care continuum (PCC) has been proposed to evaluate the success of PrEP implementation programmes, but the extent to which health equity characteristics are currently taken into account in the PCC has not been described. The objectives of this proposed systematic review are to (i) identify and collate outcome measure definitions for the main stages of the PCC (awareness, acceptability, uptake, adherence and retention), (ii) describe how equity characteristics are considered in outcome definitions of the PCC and (iii) describe data sources for capturing equity characteristics.Methods and analysisQuantitative studies published between 1 January 2012 and 3 March 2020 will be included. Five databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts) will be searched to identify English language publications that include an outcome measure definition of at least one of the five main stages of the PCC. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Data on outcome measure definitions and equity characteristics will be extracted. Results will be presented in a narrative synthesis and all findings will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. The results will be disseminated via submission for publication to a peer-reviewed journal when complete. The review findings will have relevance to healthcare professionals, policymakers and commissioners in informing how to best evaluate PrEP implementation programmes and inform new implementation strategies for vulnerable and less advantaged populations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020169779.

scholarly journals Hepcidin and MELD-XI score as markers of multiple organ failure in patients with heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2529
Author(s):  
V. I. Podzolkov ◽  
N. A. Dragomiretskaya ◽  
S. K. Stolbova ◽  
A. V. Tolmacheva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Hepcidin Level ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Obstructive Airway Diseases

Data on the changes in hepcidin levels in heart failure (HF) patients are contradictory and do not give an answer about its effect on the progression of multiple organ failure. Since the model of end-stage liver disease excluding INR (MELD-XI) reflects the severity of liver and kidney dysfunction, these markers have been suggested to be associated with decompensated HF.Aim. To assess the MELD-XI score and serum hepcidin levels in patients with decompensated HF with different values of left ventricular ejection fraction (EF).Material and methods. The study included 68 patients (29 women, 39 men; mean age 72,3±11,7 years) hospitalized due to decompensated HF. Patients were divided into three groups: reduced (HFrEF) (n=20), mid-range (HFmrEF) (n=23), and preserved EF (HFpEF) (n=24)). Upon admission, along with standard diagnostic tests, all patients were examined for hepcidin-25 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MELD-XI score was calculated. Statistical processing was carried out using the software package Statistica 8.0.Results. Hepcidin levels in the HFrEF group (31,63 ng/ml [22,0; 71,6]) were significantly higher than in the HFmrEF (23,89 ng/ml [21,1; 27,9]) (p<0,05) and HFpEF (26,91 ng/ml [18,6; 31,1]) (p<0,05) groups. In HFpEF, there was a correlation of hepcidin level with body mass index (r=0,47, p<0,05) and chronic obstructive airway diseases (r=0,44, p<0,05). A correlation of hepcidin level with significant cardiac arrhythmias (r=0,61, p<0,05) was revealed in HFmrEF patients. MELD-XI score were significantly increased from 9,44±3,96 for HFpEF and 11,53±3,82 for HFmrEF to 14,3±4,3 for HFrEF (p<0,005). We also revealed correlation of MELD-XI score with hepcidin levels (r=0,3, p<0,05) and EF (r=-0,43, p<0,0003). Patients with a MELD-XI score of >10,4 were more likely to have NYHA class III-IV HF, HFrEF and significantly higher levels of hepcidin (p<0,05 for all) These patients were also more likely to have chronic kidney disease (p<0,05).Conclusion. Hepcidin level and MELD-XI score in patients with decompensated HF are inversely related to left ventricular EF. There is a direct relationship between hepcidin levels and other clinical parameters: body mass index, the presence of chronic obstructive airway diseases and cardiac arrhythmias.

scholarly journals FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD NEOPHOBIA IN CHILDREN: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamara de Oliveira Torres ◽  
Daiene Rosa Gomes ◽  
Mússio Pirajá Mattos
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Food Selectivity ◽  
Food Neophobia ◽  
Factors Associated

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the factors associated with food neophobia in children through a systematic review. Data sources: This research was based on the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The research was carried out in the PubMed, Science Direct, and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases, with the combination of health descriptors in English and Portuguese: (“Food Neophobia” OR “Feeding Behavior” OR “Food Preferences” OR “Food Selectivity”) AND Child, from 2000 to 2019. Studies that evaluated factors associated with food neophobia in children were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project: Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (QATQS). Data synthesis: 19 studies were included in the systematic review. The prevalence of food neophobia ranged from 12.8 to 100%. The studies used three different scales to measure the level of food neophobia. The main factors associated with food neophobia were: parental influence on children’s eating habits, children’s innate preference for sweet and savory flavors, influence of the sensory aspect of the food, parents’ pressure for the child to eat, parents’ lack of encouragement and/or affection at mealtime, childhood anxiety, and diets with low variety and low nutritional quality. Conclusions: The factors associated with food neophobia permeate several areas of the child’s life, thus, interprofessional follow-up becomes essential in the intervention process.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Asthma and COPD and Blood Eosinophil Count in a Middle-Aged Belgian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara R. A. Wijnant ◽  
Lies Lahousse ◽  
Marc L. De Buyzere ◽  
Guy G. Brusselle ◽  
Ernst R. Rietzschel
Keyword(s):  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Blood Eosinophil ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Blood Eosinophil Count ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Obstructive Airway Diseases

Various phenotypes exist in asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). These are important to identify in order to guide treatment decisions. We aim to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of obstructive airway diseases in the middle-aged population. We estimated the prevalence of COPD and/or asthma in the Asklepios cohort study (Belgium), using information from the third European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS3), medical records, and spirometry. Respiratory symptoms, respiratory medication, and current disease status distinguished clinical from sub-clinical cases. In addition, we compared the blood eosinophil count/µL (median [IQR]) between cases and controls. Of the 2221 participants (mean age 56.1 ± 5.9 years; 48.7% males), 138 (6.2%) participants had clinical current asthma, 22 (1.0%) participants had sub-clinical ever asthma, 102 (4.6%) had sub-clinical spirometry-defined COPD, 104 (4.6%) participants had clinical spirometry-confirmed COPD, and 11 (0.5%) had asthma and COPD overlap (ACO). Clinical current asthma (160.0 [110.0–250.0]), sub-clinical ever asthma (170.0 [110.0–230.0]), and clinical COPD (160.0 [110.0–220.0])—but less sub-clinical COPD (140.0 [90.0–210.0])—had higher eosinophil counts, compared to controls (130.0 [80.0–200.0]). We conclude that obstructive airway diseases are prevalent in the middle-aged Asklepios cohort. Moreover, the systemic eosinophil count is increased in clinical COPD cases, and in asthma cases regardless of clinical remission.

scholarly journals A study on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlaps among patients with obstructive airway diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Venkatesh B.C ◽  
Raju C.H
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sputum Eosinophils ◽  
Obstructive Airway Diseases ◽  
Asthma Group

There is a need to re-evaluate the concept of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as separate conditions, and to consider situations when they may coexist, or when one condition may evolve into the other. This is prospective, observational and descriptive study conducted at MNR Medical College and Hospital, Sangareddy, India from June 2020 to December 2020 among chronic airway diseases who were classified into three groups (COPD, Asthma, and Asthma and COPD overlap (ACO)). Patients with COPD and ACO were diagnosed according to GOLD guidelines 2020 and patients with asthma were diagnosed according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines 2020. : Regarding the age difference between groups, it was found that patients who were diagnosed as having COPD and ACO were with mean age of 57.23±8.54 and 56.26±7.73 years, respectively. The men age of patients of Asthma was 57.51±8.43. In our study, 28 (30%) patients as having COPD, 39 (45.5%) patients were diagnosed as having ACO, 23 (24.4%) patients were diagnosed as having asthma. In our study comparison of groups regarding history of atopy. We found that 71.7% of ACO group, 78.2% of asthma group and 25% of COPD group had a positive history of atopy. Comparison of study groups regarding sputum eosinophils revealed that 30.7 % of ACO group, 73.9% of asthma group and 32.1% of COPD group had positive sputum eosinophils.  ACO represents a large percentage among patients with obstructive airway diseases. It shares some features of asthma such as atopy and positive sputum eosinophilia, and some features of COPD like old age of presentation and positive smoking history.

scholarly journals Clinical prognostic models for severe dengue: a systematic review protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thang Dao Phuoc ◽  
Long Khuong Quynh ◽  
Linh Vien Dang Khanh ◽  
Thinh Ong Phuc ◽  
Hieu Le Sy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Prognostic Models ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

Background: Dengue is a common mosquito-borne, with high morbidity rates recorded in the annual. Dengue contributes to a major disease burden in many tropical countries. This demonstrates the urgent need in developing effective approaches to identify severe cases early. For this purpose, many multivariable prognostic models using multiple prognostic variables were developed to predict the risk of progression to severe outcomes. The aim of the planned systematic review is to identify and describe the existing clinical multivariable prognostic models for severe dengue as well as examine the possibility of combining them. These findings will suggest directions for further research of this field. Methods: This protocol has followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta – Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P). We will conduct a comprehensive search of Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria include being published in peer-review journals, focusing on human subjects and developing the multivariable prognostic model for severe dengue, without any restriction on language, location and period of publication, and study design. The reference list will be captured and removed from duplications. We will use the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS) checklist to extract data and Prediction study risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST) to assess the study quality. Discussion: This systematic review will describe the existing prediction models, summarize the current status of prognostic research on dengue, and report the possibility to combine the models to optimize the power of each paradigm. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018102907

scholarly journals Virtual reality relaxation for the general population: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Riches ◽  
Lisa Azevedo ◽  
Leanne Bird ◽  
Sara Pisani ◽  
Lucia Valmaggia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
General Population ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Purpose Relaxation has significant restorative properties and implications for public health. However, modern, busy lives leave limiting time for relaxation. Virtual reality (VR) experiences of pleasant and calming virtual environments, accessed with a head-mounted display (HMD), appear to promote relaxation. This study aimed to provide a systematic review of feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of studies that use VR to promote relaxation in the general population (PROSPERO 195,804). Methods Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, and MEDLINE were searched until 29th June 2020. Studies were included in the review if they used HMD technology to present virtual environments that aimed to promote or measure relaxation, or relaxation-related variables. The Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool was used to assess methodological quality of studies. Results 6403 articles were identified through database searching. Nineteen studies published between 2007 and 2020, with 1278 participants, were included in the review. Of these, thirteen were controlled studies. Studies predominantly used natural audio-visual stimuli to promote relaxation. Findings indicate feasibility, acceptability, and short-term effectiveness of VR to increase relaxation and reduce stress. Six studies received an EPHPP rating of ‘strong’, seven were ‘moderate’, and six were ‘weak’. Conclusions VR may be a useful tool to promote relaxation in the general population, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, when stress is increasing worldwide. However, methodological limitations, such as limited randomised controlled trials and longer-term evidence, mean that these conclusions should be drawn with caution. More robust studies are needed to support this promising area of VR relaxation.

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