scholarly journals Comparing and determining factors associated with hypertension self-care profiles of patients in two multi-ethnic Asian countries: cross-sectional studies between two study populations

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e044192
Author(s):  
Sabrina Yi-Mei Wee ◽  
Hani Salim ◽  
Maliza Mawardi ◽  
Yi Ling Eileen Koh ◽  
Hanifatiyah Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Care Clinics ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Mean

ObjectivesTo compare the sociodemography, disease characteristics and hypertension self-care profiles and to determine the factors influencing Hypertension Self-Care Profiles (HTN-SCP) in two populations in primary care settings from Singapore and Malaysia.DesignCross-sectional, cross national.SettingMulti-centre, primary care clinics Malaysia and Singapore.Participants1123 adults with hypertension enrolled and analysed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresComparison between sociodemography, disease characteristics and the mean scores of HTN-SCP domains (behaviour, motivation and self-efficacy) and the factors influencing hypertension self-care.Results1123 adults with hypertension attending primary care clinics in Malaysia and Singapore were involved. The participants’ mean age was 63.6 years (SD 9.7) in Singapore and 60.4 (SD 9.1) in Malaysia. Most of the participants in Singapore had tertiary education (22.3%) compared with Malaysia (13.0%), p<0.001. A higher proportion of participants from Singapore had controlled blood pressure (74.6%) compared with Malaysia (33.8%), p<0.001. The mean total score of HTN-SCP was significantly higher among Singapore participants compared with Malaysia participants 190 (SD 28) versus 184 (SD 23) (p<0.001). Similarly, the mean score for motivation domain 67 (SD 10) versus 65 (SD 9), followed by self-efficacy score 65 (SD 11) versus 62 (SD 9) and behaviour score (58 SD 9 vs 56 SD 9) were higher among Singapore participants. In both countries, the factors which influenced higher HTN-SCP mean scores across all domains were being Indian and had tertiary education.ConclusionsThe study population in Singapore had a higher HTN-SCP mean score compared with Malaysia. The common factors influencing higher HTN-SCP mean scores at both study sites were ethnicity and level of education. Future intervention to improve self-care among people with hypertension may need to be tailored to their behaviour, motivation and self-efficacy levels.

scholarly journals Knowledge and perception of treatment among tuberculosis patients attending primary care clinics in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (08) ◽  
pp. 1205-1211
Author(s):  
Nesamalar Balakrishnan ◽  
Ezura Madiana Md Monoto ◽  
Noorlaili Mohd Tohit ◽  
Asrul Abdul Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Perception ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Primary Care Clinics ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a disease of public health concern. It can be treated effectively with good knowledge about the disease and complete adherence to the recommended treatment regime. This study is intended to assess the level of knowledge and perception of treatment among tuberculosis patients attending primary care clinics. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study using a validated self-administered questionnaire among tuberculosis patients attending primary care clinics in Johor Bahru district. A total of 208 tuberculosis patients were enrolled in this study through convenience sampling. We assessed the general knowledge, transmission, causes, and prevention of tuberculosis, where higher scores indicated better knowledge. For the perception of treatment, a higher mean score indicated a more negative perception. Results: The mean score for knowledge on tuberculosis was 54.33 ± 12.78, ranging from 25 to 88.9%. The mean score for perception was 2.75±0.52, ranging from 2.15-3.39. We found that although 88.9% of respondents knew a person could be infected with TB through inhalation of tuberculosis bacilli, a majority believed that smoking (68.2%), sharing food (69.2%), and eating from the same plate (66.8%) are causes of tuberculosis. Moreover, there was still a negative perception regarding the treatment of tuberculosis with the highest mean score for the statement ‘I am afraid if I am told I am tuberculosis positive’. Conclusions: We found that there were gaps in knowledge among tuberculosis patients. Intermittent counseling during the treatment re-enforces the knowledge of tuberculosis. An updated standardized counseling sheet of tuberculosis Health Education should be included along with staff training to update their knowledge as part of their important role in health education in tuberculosis prevention.

Perceptions and factors influencing the intention to do regular physical activities for the prevention of osteoporosis among Iranian working women

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-186
Author(s):  
Effat Hatefnia ◽  
Azam Raoofi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Purpose Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease and a growing global health problem. It is estimated that about 200m people are suffering from this disease in the world. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceptions and factors influencing the intention to do regular physical activities in order to prevent osteoporosis in Iranian Muslim working women. Design/methodology/approach The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 217 women employed in a university in Iran. The tool for data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire that had gone through validity and reliability processes. The data analysis was done using SPSS ver. 19 software as well as statistical descriptive and analytical tests. Findings The majority of participants were aged 30–39 (50.7 percent) and the least ones were 40 years old (24.4 percent). In total, 67.7 percent of the participants were married. Also, 77 percent of the participants had religious belief on the duty to do strong physical activities, and 83 percent had intention to do physical activities. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the mean scores of self-efficacy and the mean scores of religious belief between the women with and without having intention to do physical activities (p<0.01). Originality/value Regarding the relationship that self-efficacy and religious belief had with the intention to do physical activities in women employees, the need to address this issue through educational programming with the focus on self-efficacy and religious culture seems to find priority.

scholarly journals Risk perception regarding the COVID-19 outbreak among the general population: a comparative Middle East survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Abdel Hameed Shahin ◽  
Rasha Mohammed Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
General Population ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background People’s perceptions of pandemic-associated risk are key factors contributing to increased public participation in disease preventive measures. The aim of the study was to investigate risk perceptions regarding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, among the general population. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used with a convenience sample of 723 participants, recruited from the general population of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Jordan. Data collection was performed using a standardized risk perception assessment questionnaire, in April 2020. Results The mean score for the perception of COVID-19 seriousness was significantly higher and the mean scores for the perception of disease susceptibility and extent of anxiety were also higher among Saudi Arabian participants than participants from Egypt and Jordan. Participants from Egypt had significantly lower mean scores for the perception of efficacy and self-efficacy to cope with COVID-19, and significantly lower intention to comply with COVID-19 precautionary measures than the other populations. A significant positive correlation was detected between the perception of COVID-19 seriousness and self-efficacy to handle COVID-19, for the entire sample. The primary reasons reported by participants driving their willingness to perform certain preventive measures against COVID-19 was a feeling of responsibility toward their own health, followed by preventing transmission to other people and the feeling that COVID-19 can be serious. Most of the study sample reported a desire to receive information about COVID-19 treatment, ways to prevent disease contraction, and the incubation period for the novel coronavirus. Also, most of the study sample reported that they prefer receiving COVID-19 updates from national authorities. Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, communications designed to promote the adoption of preventive behaviors should focus on increasing the perception of seriousness, the risk perception, self-efficacy to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, and the effectiveness of the adopted behavioral measures for reducing risk. Health education programs that are tailored to various sociodemographic categories, to improve public awareness, perceptions, and attitudes, are vital for increasing the adoption of outbreak preventive measures.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES FOR THE PREVENTION OF DIABETIC FOOT IN RURAL TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Gopal Teli ◽  
B. G. Ponnappa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Foot Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of diabetic patients regarding care of their own feet.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the inpatient department of surgery at Adichunchanagiri hospital and research centre, B. G. Nagara, Karnataka, India from 1st Nov. 2016 to 31st Dec. 2016. The relation between gender and knowledge, attitude and practices of people with diabetes patients were compared by using the Chi-square test at 95% confidence interval at p<0.05.Results: Out of 51 patients, 72.54% were male and 27.46% female and 45.1% of the patients were in the age range 61-80 y. The mean SD of the age was 60.49±14.02. The mean SD of body weight of the patient was 66.17±8.54. The majority of the patients 45.1% were farmers and 41.7% were illiterate. Most of them did not know the practice of correct foot hygiene (39.22%) and what abnormalities observe in their feet (66.67%). We found that 90.2% patients were engaged in foot self-care practice and more than half of them (54.1%) always inspected their footwear before using it. Interestingly, more women were involved in foot care (100%) as compared to men (86.46%) but statistically not significant (p=0.147).Conclusion: We found that patients were not having sufficient knowledge about the correct hygiene of the foot, what abnormalities to observe in their feet and about ideal footwear. Even though females were showing interest towards self-care examination and foot care practice, it is essential that all the diabetic patients must be educated about the knowledge, attitude and foot self-care practice to prevent diabetic foot related complications.

Cross-sectoral Analysis of 1.4 Million AOK-insured Patients with Back Pain in Baden-Württemberg – What Influence does Outpatient Specialist Care Have?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom R. Jansen ◽  
Heinz Endres ◽  
Lina Barnewold ◽  
Petra Kaufmann-Kolle ◽  
Sabine Knapstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Pain Medication ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Billing Data ◽  
Primary Care Clinics ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Back pain is one of the leading causes of disability globally and the most common musculoskeletal pain in Germany. The lifetime prevalence of back pain ranges from 74% to 85%, and the point prevalence ranges from 32% to 49%. One in five individuals with statutory health insurance visits a doctor at least once a year for back pain, and 1 in 20 individuals is on sick leave at least once a year. The question as to what extent can different outpatient care concepts substantially contribute to improving care and avoiding inpatient hospital treatment has repeatedly been the subject of controversial political discussions. This study aimed to present a description of the reality of care in Baden-Württemberg (BW), Germany, based on claims data. Material and Methods Anonymised routine billing data of AOK Baden-Württemberg were analysed in compliance with data protection regulations. The billing data cover the outpatient and inpatient care sectors. All AOK patients in BW who received at least one ICD10 diagnosis from their physician in the first half of 2015 were considered for the analysis. Patients with at least one diagnosis of back pain were evaluated as patients with back pain, whereby the assignment to the diagnosis group of specific or non-specific back pain was made based on the code. Results In the first half of 2015, nearly 988 925 patients with back pain were registered in the 6696 primary care clinics in BW, approximately 302 524 patients in 1172 orthopaedic clinics and 17 043 patients in 89 neurosurgical clinics. Primary care clinics reported back pain diagnosis in 34.6%, orthopaedic clinics in 51.9% and neurosurgical clinics in 78.6% of cases. Primary care clinics diagnosed a specific cause in approximately one-third of patients with back pain, orthopaedic clinics in approximately 40% of their patients and neurosurgery clinics in one in two cases. Overall, approximately 1.2% of 1.3 million patients with back pain (January to December 2015 in BW) were hospitalised. Inpatient therapy consisted of surgical therapy and conservative therapy. Nucleotomy, decompression and spondylodesis were the three most common surgical procedures performed. Pain medication and remedy prescriptions decreased pain after spinal surgery. There are significant regional differences in referral and surgery rates. The mean inpatient referral rate was 535 of 100 000 AOK insurants, and the median was 536 of 100 000 AOK insurants. The mean surgery rate among all admitted patients with back pain was 49.9%, and the median was 49.8%. Conclusion The vast majority of patients with back pain are treated as outpatients. Only approximately 1.2% of all patients with back pain were treated as inpatients in 2015. Of these, approximately half underwent surgery. Spinal surgeries led to a decrease in pain medication and remedy prescription postoperatively. The three most frequent surgical procedures were ‘decompression’, ‘excision of disc tissue’ and ‘spondylodesis’. There were significant regional differences.

Self-Care of African Immigrant Adults with Chronic Illness

2021 ◽  
pp. 105477382110561
Author(s):  
Onome Henry Osokpo ◽  
Lisa M. Lewis ◽  
Uchechukwu Ikeaba ◽  
Jesse Chittams ◽  
Frances K. Barg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Care ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Adequacy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Scale Scores

This cross-sectional study aims to describe the self-care of adult African immigrants in the US with chronic illness and explore the relationship between acculturation and self-care. A total of 88 African immigrants with chronic illness were enrolled. Self-care was measured with the Self Care of Chronic Illness Inventory v3 and the Self-Care Self-Efficacy scale. Scores are standardized 0 to 100 with scores >70 considered adequate. Acculturation was measured using a modified standardized acculturation instrument and predefined acculturation proxies. The self-care scores showed adequate self-care, with the mean scores of 78.6, 77.9, and 75.6 for self-care maintenance, monitoring, and management. Self-care self-efficacy mean score was 81.3. Acculturation was not significantly associated with self-care. Self-care self-efficacy was a strong determinant of self-care maintenance ( p < .0001), monitoring ( p < .0001), and management ( p < .0001). The perception of inadequate income was a significant determinant of poor self-care management ( p = .03). Self-care self-efficacy and perceived income adequacy were better determinants of self-care than acculturation.

scholarly journals A 3-State Analysis of Black–White Disparities in Diabetes Hospitalizations Among Medicaid Beneficiaries

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 233339281878351
Author(s):  
William N. Mkanta ◽  
Michelle C. Reece ◽  
Abeer D. Alamri ◽  
Emmanuel U. Ezekekwu ◽  
Aishwarya Potluri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Process Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Medicaid Beneficiaries

Introduction: Although diabetes is one of the leading chronic disease in the country, efforts in primary care and patient self-care management could prevent most of the diabetes-related hospitalizations and produce cost savings and improvements in quality of life. We used information from Medicaid beneficiaries in 3 states to predict racial differences in diabetes hospitalizations and demonstrate how they vary across states. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine differences between black and white patients with diabetes hospitalizations. Information was obtained from the Medicaid Analytic eXtract files. We used multiple logistic regression models to assess the significance of the differences. Results: Analysis included 10 073 adult Medicaid recipients from the states of Mississippi (51%), Georgia (35%), and Michigan (14%). Blacks were more likely to experience longer hospital stays in Georgia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.040; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.06) and Mississippi (OR = 1.048; 95% CI: 1.03-1.07). A majority of patients in both groups were likely to be discharged to their homes for self-care. Black patients had lower odds of repeated stays in Georgia (OR = 0.670; 95% CI: 0.54-0.84), but higher odds in Michigan (OR = 1.580; 95% CI: 1.12-2.24). Similar differences occurred when patients were matched by age and sex. Blacks had lower odds of qualifying for dual Medicare–Medicaid enrollment benefit in Georgia and Mississippi. Conclusion: Racial differences in diabetes-related hospitalizations reflect possible inefficiencies in the process of care. Identification of race-specific factors for hospitalizations and implementation of primary care strategies that support effective self-management skills would aid in reducing diabetes hospitalizations and related disparities.

scholarly journals Willingness of Family Caregivers to Consent to Relative’s Postmortem Examination that Die Suddenly in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Anu Olowookere ◽  
Adegboyega Adeleke Abiodun ◽  
Joseph Gbenga Omole ◽  
Akinwumi Oluwole Komolafe ◽  
Akintunde Julius Olowookere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Skilled Worker ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND: Postmortem examination is necessary to diagnose the cause of sudden death, and family caregivers are expected to consent to this examination. This study assessed knowledge, attitude, practices and willingness of family caregivers to consent to postmortem examination of their relative if they die suddenly in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study of family caregivers of our patients that completed an interviewer administered semistructured questionnaire assessing their knowledge, attitude, practices and willingness to consent to postmortem examination of their relative if they die suddenly. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.RESULTS: A total of 224 caregivers were interviewed. The mean age (SD) was 34.95 (11.74), ranging 22-75 years. They were parents (32.6%), siblings (37.9%), spouses (11.2%) and other relatives (18.3%). Only 17% had adequate knowledge, 44.6% positive attitude and 11.2% good practices to postmortem examination of sudden death. The majority (75.9%) would consent to postmortem examination of their relatives if they die suddenly. Sociodemographic variables associated with willingness to consent to postmortem examination after relative’s sudden death include being male (AOR 3.61; 95%CI 3.09-8.92; p=0.001), having tertiary education (AOR 4.83; 95%CI 1.01-8.29; p=0.034), Christianity (AOR 2.59; 95%CI 1.25-5.35; p=0.010) and skilled worker (AOR 1.43; 95%CI 1.33-3.80; p=0.020).CONCLUSION: Some family caregivers would not consent to postmortem examination of their relatives when they die suddenly. Sensitization programs targeting family caregivers are necessary to increase knowledge and enhance prevention of sudden death as well as improve willingness to consent to postmortem examination when their relatives die suddenly.

scholarly journals Foot Self Efficacy dan Foot Self Care Behaviour pada Lansia dengan Diabetes Melitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Ainul Yaqin Salam ◽  
Nur Hamim
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foot Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foot Complications ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Care Behavior

 AbstrakLansia dengan diabetes adalah kelompok khusus yang memiliki resiko tinggi komplikasipada kakinya. Self-efficacymenjadi salah satu determinan faktor utama untuk meningkatkan perilaku perawatan kaki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat efikasi diri kaki (Foot Self Efficacy) dan perilaku perawatan kaki (Foot Crae Behaviour) dan hubungannya dengan karakteristik demografis pada lansia dengan diabetes.Studi cross-sectional digunakandi Desa Karangren Kecamatan Krejengan Probolinggo dari Mei hingga Juni 2019. Kriteria khusus dipilih untuk berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Para responden diwawancarai menggunakan seperangkat kuesioner yang telah divalidasi. Statistik deskriptif dan inferensial (regresi linier berganda) digunakan untuk menjawab hipotesis penelitiandengan bantuanSPSS 19. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan rata-ratafoot self-efficacysebesar 29,79 dengan standar deviasi 8,26 danrata-ratafoot care behavior sebesar 28,72 dengan SD 6,33. Terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara foot self-efficacy (β = 0,43, p <0,001), tingkat pendidikan (β = 0,43, p <0,001), dan jenis kelamin (β = 0,31, p <0,001) dengan perilaku perawatan kaki. Program edukasi self-efficacydapat menjadi pertimbangan yang krusial  untuk meningkatkan perilaku perawatan kaki. Lansia dengan diabetes harus diajari pemeriksaan kaki secara mandiri.Perawatan kaki diabetes yang tepat dan berkelanjutan dapat secara signifikan mencegah terjadinya komplikasi pada kaki lebih lanju yang berefek pada peningkatan kualitas hidup.                                                                                                     Kata kunci: diabetes, lansia, efikasi diri, perilaku perawatan diri, kaki  AbstractThe elderly with diabetes is a special group that has a high risk of complications in the legs. Self-efficacy is one of the main determinants of improving foot care behavior.The essential aims of this study were to identify the level of self-efficacy and foot care behavior and its relationship to demographic characteristics in elderly patients with diabetes. The cross-sectional study has been done in Karangren Village, Krejengan Probolinggo district from May to June 2019. Specific criteria  were chosen to participate in this study. The respondents interviewed used a set of validated questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics (multiple linear regression) were used to answer the research hypothesisby SPSS 19. The results mentioned that the average foot self-efficacy was 29.79, with a standard deviation of 8.26, and the normal foot care behavior was 28.72, with an SD of 6.33. There is a significant relationship between foot self-efficacy (β = 0.43, p <0.001), level of education (β = 0.43, p <0.001), and gender (β = 0.31, p <0.001) with foot care behavior. The self-efficacy education program can be a crucial considerateness for improving foot care behavior.Elderly with diabetes must be taught foot examinations independently. Appropriate and ongoing diabetes foot care can significantly prevent diabetic foot complications, which affect improving the quality of life. Keywords: diabetes, elderly, self-efficacy, self-care behavior, feet

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