scholarly journals Exposure to persistent organic pollutants and thyroid cancer risk: a study protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e048451
Author(s):  
Yu Xue Zhang ◽  
Yu Peng Liu ◽  
Su Sheng Miao ◽  
Xiao Dong Liu ◽  
Shu Mei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Risk

IntroductionThe thyroid cancer incidence has been increasing all over the world. However, the aetiology of thyroid cancer remains unclear. A growing body of evidence suggested exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may play a role in the initiation of thyroid cancer, but the results are generally inconsistent across studies. This review aims to synthesise the evidence for the health effects of POPs on the risk of thyroid cancer.Methods and analysisThis protocol was reported in accordance to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA) statements. A comprehensive search, including electronic database search (eg, PubMed, Embase, ProQuest and CNKI), website search and manual search, will be performed to identify all eligible studies. The Population, Exposure, Comparator and Outcome framework was used to clarify the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale will be used to assess the quality of included studies. Maximally adjusted effect estimates from individual studies will be summarised with random-effect models in a conservative manner. I2 statistics and Q-tests will be used to test the heterogeneity across studies. We will perform extensive sensitivity analyses, such as confounding risk ratio (confounding), E-value, fixed-effect models, excluding the most relatively weighted study, including only the high-quality studies and many predesigned subgroup analyses, etc. The findings will be reported in accordance to the PRISMA guidelines.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required in this systematic review of published literatures. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020181343.

scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and major depressive disorders among homeless people

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e040061
Author(s):  
Getinet Ayano ◽  
Asmare Belete ◽  
Bereket Duko ◽  
Light Tsegay ◽  
Berihun Assefa Dachew
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders

ObjectivesTo assess the global prevalence estimates of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and major depressive disorders (MDDs) among homeless people.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesDatabases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched up to February 2020 to identify relevant studies that have reported data on the prevalence of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and MDDs among homeless people.Eligibility criteriaOriginal epidemiological studies written in English that addressed the prevalence of depressive problems among homeless people.Data extraction and synthesisA random-effect meta-analysis was performed to pool the prevalence estimated from individual studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were employed to compare the prevalence across the groups as well as to identify the source of heterogeneities. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s quality assessment checklist was used to measure the study quality. Cochran’s Q and the I2 test were used to assess heterogeneity between the studies.ResultsForty publications, including 17 215 participants, were included in the final analysis. This meta-analysis demonstrated considerably higher prevalence rates of depressive symptoms 46.72% (95% CI 37.77% to 55.90%), dysthymia 8.25% (95% CI 4.79% to 11.86%), as well as MDDs 26.24% (95% CI 21.02% to 32.22%) among homeless people. Our subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of depressive symptoms was high among younger homeless people (<25 years of age), whereas the prevalence of MDD was high among older homeless people (>50 years of age) when compared with adults (25–50 years).ConclusionThis review showed that nearly half, one-fourth and one-tenth of homeless people are suffering from depressive symptoms, dysthymia and MDDs, respectively, which are notably higher than the reported prevalence rates in the general population. The findings suggest the need for appropriate mental health prevention and treatment strategies for this population group.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination of Health Workers

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1104
Author(s):  
Tingting Li ◽  
Xiaoling Qi ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
Wenge Tang ◽  
Kun Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference ◽  
Influenza Vaccinations

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled effect of influenza vaccinations for health workers (HWs). Nine databases were screened to identify randomized clinical trials and comparative observational studies that reported the effect of influenza vaccination among HWs. The risk ratio (RR), standardized mean difference, and 95% confidence interval (CI) were employed to study the effect size using fixed/random-effect models. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted accordingly. Publication bias was examined. Sixteen studies (involving 7971 HWs from nine countries) were included after a comprehensive literature search. The combined RR regarding the incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza was 0.36 (95% CI: 0.25 to 0.54), the incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI) was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.45 to 1.06), the absenteeism rate was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.46 to 0.86), and the integrated standardized mean difference of workdays lost was −0.18 (95% CI: −0.28 to −0.07) days/person. The subgroup analysis indicated that vaccination significantly decreases the incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza in different countries, study populations, and average-age vaccinated groups. Influenza vaccinations could effectively reduce the incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza, absenteeism rates, and workdays lost among HWs. It is advisable, therefore, to improve the coverage and increase the influenza vaccination count among HWs, which may benefit both workers and medical institutions.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Brazilian adolescents over time: a systematic review and meta‑analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Mariana Sbaraini ◽  
Felipe Vogt Cureau ◽  
Julianna do Amaral Ritter ◽  
Daniela Schneid Schuh ◽  
Mariana Migliavacca Madalosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Year 2000

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the burden of weight excess in Brazilian adolescents. Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Setting: We searched the literature in four databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO and LILACS). Studies were included if they had cross-sectional or cohort design and enrolled Brazilian adolescents. Studies based on self-reported measures were excluded. Random effect models were used to calculate prevalence estimate and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Participants: Brazilian adolescents (10 to 19 years old). Results: One hundred and fifty-one studies were included. Trend analyses showed a significant increase in the prevalence of excess weight in the last decades: 8.2% (95%CI:7.7-8.7) until year 2000, 18.9 (95%CI:14.7-23.2) from 2000 to 2009, and 25.1% (95%CI:23.4-26.8) in 2010 and after. A similar temporal pattern was observed in the prevalence of overweight and obesity separately. In sensitivity analyses, lower prevalence of excess weight was found in older adolescents and those defined using IOTF cutoff points. The Southeast and South regions had the highest prevalence of excess weight, overweight and obesity. No significant difference in prevalence by sex was found, except for studies before the year 2000. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Brazilian adolescents is high and continues to rise. Public policies on an individual level and targeting modifications in the obesogenic environment are necessary.

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of self-medication among University students in Ethiopia: A systematic review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getahun Fetensa ◽  
Tadesse Tolossa ◽  
Werku Etafa Ebi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
University Students ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Medication Practice ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background Self-medication is the global issue especially on those having access and education about medication irrespective of its side effect. It has a significant impact on resistance and medication-related complication. There are limited and inconsistent studies regarding self-medication practice in Ethiopia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimates the pooled prevalence of self-medication and its predictors among Ethiopian university students. Method A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the prevalence and predictors of self-medication among university students in Ethiopia. We searched literature from the databases of Medline, Hinari, Scopes, PubMed CINAHL, PopLine, MedNar, Embase, Cochrane library, the JBI Library, the Web of Science, Google Scholar and manual search. A total of nine studies reporting the prevalence of self-medication among university students were included. Data were extracted using a standardized data extraction format prepared in Microsoft Excel and the analysis was done using STATA 14 statistical software. To assess heterogeneity, I2 test was used since the included studies exhibit high heterogeneity, a random effect meta-analysis model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication. In another way, the association between predictor variables, and self-medication practice were examined. Result A total of 3513 study respondents from nine studies in Ethiopia published between 2010-2017 were included in the study. The result of our study reveals that a pooled prevalence of self-medication among university students was 45.61% (95%CI: 30.66, 60.57). Included studies have a sample size ranged from 250 to 548 with lowest prevalence (19.81%) of self-medication from University of Gondar, whereas the highest prevalence (77.01%) recorded in a study conducted at Arsi University. Conclusion Prevalence of Ethiopian university students was 45.61%, which is very high with the current global health problem with Anti-microbial resistance increment and other toxicity. In addition to this in this study, the association between self-medication and year of study was insignificant and statistically significant with the sex of participants and income level. Systemic review registration PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews: CRD42018099975

scholarly journals Sex difference in coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e040129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruk Beletew Abate ◽  
Ayelign Mengesha Kassie ◽  
Mesfin Wudu Kassaw ◽  
Teshome Gebremeskel Aragie ◽  
Setamlak Adane Masresha
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Prevalence

ObjectiveTo assess the sex difference in the prevalence of COVID-19 confirmed cases.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.SettingPubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched for related information. The authors developed a data extraction form on an Excel sheet and the following data from eligible studies were extracted: author, country, sample size, number of female patients and number of male patients. Using STATA V.14 for analysis, the authors pooled the overall prevalence of men and/or women using a random-effect meta-analysis model. The authors examined the heterogeneity in effect size using Q statistics and I2 statistics. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Publication bias was also checked.ParticipantsStudies on COVID-19 confirmed cases were included.InterventionSex (male/female) of COVID-19 confirmed cases was considered.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was prevalence of COVID-19 among men and women.ResultsA total of 57 studies with 221 195 participants were used in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 among men was found to be 55.00 (51.43–56.58, I2=99.5%, p<0.001). Sensitivity analysis showed the findings were not dependent on a single study. Moreover, a funnel plot showed symmetrical distribution. Egger’s regression test p value was not significant, which indicates absence of publication bias in both outcomes.ConclusionsThe prevalence of symptomatic COVID-19 was found to be higher in men than in women. The high prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption contributed to the high prevalence of COVID-19 among men. Additional studies on the discrepancies in severity and mortality rate due to COVID-19 among men and women and the associated factors are recommended.

Effect of garlic intake on inflammatory mediators: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

2020 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2019-137267
Author(s):  
Mehdi Koushki ◽  
Nasrin Amiri-Dashatan ◽  
Yasin Pourfarjam ◽  
Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundGarlic is a species in the onion genus, Allium. Data have shown that garlic has anti-inflammatory activity; however, the findings are inconclusive and inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate the impact of garlic intake on inflammatory mediators through systematic review and meta-analysis of existing data.MethodsElectronic databases were completely investigated using databases of ISI Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library and EMBASE until October 2019. A random effects model and the generic reverse variance procedure were used for quantitative data production. Sensitivity analyses and prespecified subgroup were done to evaluate potential heterogeneity. Random effect meta-regression was conducted to investigate the effects of possible confounders on the assessed effect size.ResultsTen trials with one observational study, including 530 participants, met the eligibility criteria. The findings showed reduction in the tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (−0.31 pg/mL, 95% CI −1.07 to 0.46) and C reactive protein (CRP) levels (−0.20 mg/L, 95% CI −1.4 to 1.05) following supplementation with garlic, although it had no marked impact on the interleukin 6 (IL-6) level (0.37 pg/mL, 95% CI −0.58 to 1.33). In the subgroup analysis, we found that garlic supplementation significantly decreased TNF-α, highly sensitive CRP and IL-6 levels in subgroups of >8, >6 and ≥4 weeks of intervention duration, respectively, and dose of garlic consumption between 2 and 2.4 g/day.ConclusionThese findings suggested that current evidence may support garlic as an adjunct to pharmacological management of metabolic diseases.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018108816.

scholarly journals Depression after Stroke in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akin Ojagbemi ◽  
Onoja Akpa ◽  
Fisayo Elugbadebo ◽  
Mayowa Owolabi ◽  
Bruce Ovbiagele
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Sub Saharan

Objective. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and characteristics of poststroke depression (PSD) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods. We searched Medline, PsycINFO, and African Journals OnLine using keywords for stroke and depression and the .mp. operator for all 54 SSA countries/regions. Further information was retrieved through a manual search of references from relevant published and unpublished articles. We included only peer-reviewed original studies with epidemiological or experimental designs, conducted random-effect meta-analysis, and identified the most commonly associated factors by weight (inverse of variance method). Results. Seventeen studies, comprising 1483 stroke survivors, met the criteria for syntheses. The pooled frequency of clinically diagnosed PSD was 31% (95% CI = 26%–36%), versus 13.9% in healthy control pairs. Prevalence did not vary much across healthcare settings but was affected by methods of depression ascertainment. PSD was significantly associated with low education, cognitive impairment, physical disability, poor quality of life, and divorced marital status. Conclusion. Almost 1 in 3 individuals with stroke in SSA has clinical depression. Despite limitations around quality of identified studies, results of the present systematic review overlap with findings in the global literature and highlight useful targets for the design and trial of tailored intervention for PSD in SSA.

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