scholarly journals Trends in the prevalence and incidence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in Iran: findings from KERCADRS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e000937
Author(s):  
Hamid Najafipour ◽  
Mohadeseh Shojaei Shahrokhabadi ◽  
Ghodsyeh Banivaheb ◽  
Abdolreza Sabahi ◽  
Mitra Shadkam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Targeted Interventions

ObjectivesAnxiety and depression (A&D) are common mental disorders with high economical and health burdens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the incidence rate of A&D symptoms and their relationship with sociodemographic and other risk factors and comorbidities in adults living in southeastern Iran.DesignA population-based cohort study with random cluster household survey sampling method.SettingSecond round of Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Study (KERCADRS) (2014–2018) performed in Southeastern, Iran.ParticipantsWe recruited 9997 participants (15–80 years) in the second round of the study, from whom 2820 persons were the people who also participated in the first round of KERCADRS in 2009–2012. The age-standardised A&D prevalence was measured among all participants, and the 5-year A&D incidence rate was measured in those who were free from A&D in the first round in 2009–2012 and were at risk of A&D in the follow-up. The relationship between A&D and demographic characteristics, smoking, opium use, obesity and physical activity was assessed by logistic regression models.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of anxiety (48.1% to 16.4%, p<0.001) and depression (5.9% to 1.3%, p<0.001) decreased between the two rounds. The highest prevalence of anxiety was among widowed (31.4%), unemployed (21.3%), obese (19.4%), and opium users (17.4%). Young adults, women, those divorced or widowed, and those with obesity and low physical activity had a higher chance of developing anxiety. The 5-year incidence rate (person/1000 person-years) was 15.0 for anxiety and 3.9 for depression.ConclusionDespite the overall decrease in the prevalence of A&D symptoms in last 5 years in the area, young adults, women, unemployed, opium users, people with low physical activity and those with obesity had a higher chance of developing anxiety and are in need of more targeted interventions.

scholarly journals Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Diseases Risk factors Study (KERCADRS)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Najafipour ◽  
mohadeseh Shojaei Shahrokhabadi ◽  
Ghodsyeh Banivaheb ◽  
Abdolreza Sabahi ◽  
Mitra Shadkam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Abstract Background: Anxiety and depression (A&D) are common mental disorders with high economical and health burdens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the incidence rate of A&D and their relationship with socio-demographic and other risk factors and co-morbidities in adults living in southeastern Iran.Method: We recruited adults (15 to 80 years) in two rounds (2009-2012, 2014-2018) of a population-based cohort study called Kerman coronary artery disease risk factors study (KERCADRS) in Kerman, Iran. The age-standardized A&D prevalence was measured among all participants (n=9996) and the five-year A&D incidence rate was measured in those who were free of A&D in the first round (n = 2813). The relationship between A&D and demographic characteristics, smoking, opium use, obesity and physical activity was assessed by logistic regression models. Results: Overall, the prevalence of anxiety (48.1% to 16.4%, P-value <0.001) and depression (5.9% to 1.3% P-value <0.001) decreased between the two rounds. The highest prevalence of anxiety was among people who were unemployed (%?), smokers (%?), and opium users (%?). Young adults, women, those divorced or widowed, and those with obesity and low physical activity had a higher chance for anxiety. The five-year incidence rate (person/1000 person-years) was 15.0 for anxiety and 3.9 for depression.Conclusion: Despite the overall decrease in the prevalence of A&D, certain groups such as young adults, women, unemployed and those who smoke cigarettes or opium, people with low physical activity and obesity are in need of more targeted interventions.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gallstone among Adults in Karachi, South Pakistan: A Population-Based Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Abdul Haseeb ◽  
Muhammad Saad ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan ◽  
Madiha Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Study Participants

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION: </strong>The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of GSD among a sample of general population in Karachi, South Pakistan.</p><p><strong>METHODOLOGY: </strong>A multistage random sampling method was employed on 30 clusters, where 60 subjects of age&gt;=25 years were randomly recruited from the study population from June 2013 till March 2015. Finally, data was analyzed and logistic regression models were used to find the correlation between selected variables and gallstone disease.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>It was found that 184 patients had echogenic mass with shadowing on ultrasonography; yielding a prevalence of 10.2% for gallstones in the study participants. The occurrence was higher in females (14.8%) than in male participants (5.7%). Further, participants over 40 years of age and single, widow/separated subjects had higher incidence of gallstones than married individuals. Moreover, an indirect correlation was obtained with daily physical activity, consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish with development of GD.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>It can be evaluated that daily physical activity, female gender, increasing age and marital status play an important role in progression of GSD. Understanding pathogenesis and physiological mechanism involved in GSD can help to determine therapeutic options other than surgical treatment.</p>

Evaluation of a rural community pharmacy-based Waist Management Project: bringing the program to the people

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Kellow
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk

Time constraints and lack of awareness of risk factors for future chronic disease development prevent many young adults from accessing lifestyle programs offered by local health services. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a rural pharmacy-based multidisciplinary healthy lifestyle pilot program on reducing risk factors for chronic disease development among young adults. Individuals under the age of 50 with chronic disease risk factors were referred to the program. All subjects were provided with free after-hours nutritional counselling from a dietitian at the local community pharmacy, a comprehensive medication review conducted by the pharmacist, gym membership and access to cooking classes and supermarket tours. Selected participants also received bulk-billed GP appointments and assistance with establishing a home vegetable garden. Body weight, waist circumference, fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity were assessed at baseline and after program conclusion. Forty participants regularly attended the program between March 2009 and March 2010. At program conclusion, mean body weight was reduced by 3.8 ± 6.7 kg (P < 0.001) and waist circumference reduced by 3.9 ± 6.5 cm (P < 0.001). Fruit consumption increased by 1.2 ± 0.2 serves/day (P < 0.001) and vegetable intake increased by 1.6 ± 1.0 serves/day (P < 0.001). Participants also spent an average of 88.0 ± 47.7 more min/week (P < 0.001) engaged in physical activity on completion of the program. The community pharmacy provided an accessible location for the delivery of a successful chronic disease risk reduction program targeting young adults in a rural area.

scholarly journals Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Diseases Risk factors Study (KERCADRS)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Najafipour ◽  
Mohadeseh Shojaei Shahrokhabadi ◽  
Ghodsyeh Banivaheb ◽  
Abdolreza Sabahi ◽  
Mitra Shadkam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Young People ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Anxiety And Depression

Abstract Background: Anxiety and depression (A&D) are very common disorders and among the important causes of morbidity. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the incidence rate of these mental disorders and their relationship with socio-demographic and coronary artery disease risk factors in the adult population in southeastern Iran.Method: In a population based cohort study (KERCADRS phase2), the prevalence and five-year incidence rate of A&D and associated variables were studied on 9996 adults, 2820 of whom had also participated in phase1 of the study.Results: The prevalence for A&D was 41.6% (30.6% men, 48.9% women) and 16.0% (10.0% men, 19.9% women), respectively. The prevalence of A&D showed a decreasing trend with increase of education and age. The highest prevalence of A&D was observed among the unemployed, smokers, and opium users. The chance of having A&D symptoms also significantly increased in young people, the female gender, divorced or widowed women, obese individuals, and those with low physical activity (LPA). In phase2, A&D were significantly lower than they were in phase1 in all age groups and in both genders. The five-year incidence rate (per 1000 person-years) was 30.7 for anxiety and 9.8 for depression.Conclusion: Although there are some promising signs of reduction in the prevalence of A&D symptoms in the last five years, their higher prevalence in young people and females, along with their association with unemployment, smoking, opium use, LPA and obesity means that more effective interventions and strategies are needed to reduce the deleterious consequences of these disorders.

scholarly journals Quantifying Socioeconomic and Lifestyle Related Health Risks: Burden of Cardiovascular Disease Among Indian Males

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neetu Purohit ◽  
Divya K. Bhati ◽  
Shiv D. Gupta ◽  
Azad S. Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Non-communicable diseases account for a significant disease burden in the South East Asia region. India is facing an increased incidence of lifestyle-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease. Socioeconomic and lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been under investigated in India. This study was designed to explore risk factors contributing to the development of cardiovascular disease among Indian males.Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,235 males in the age group of 18-60 years across three states of India. A household survey was used to collect demographic and socioeconomic status information in addition to lifestyle-related attributes such as smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and physical activity. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed to identify the role of various factors that may be associated with the development of cardiovascular disease in this population.Results: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease among the male respondents contacted through a household survey was reported to be 9.8%. Logistic regression revealed that males with higher education and higher income were more likely to report CVD. With age as a strong predictor of CVD, the risk of CVD was found to be five times higher in the older age group. Current smokers were 1.3 times more likely to have CVD compared to those who never smoked. Those who were engaged in physical activity were less likely to have CVD; however, the adverse effects of smoking and excessive consumption of red meat showed a stronger association with CVD than the protective effects of physical activity.Conclusion: In developing countries, where the increase in earning capacity and change in lifestyle has been found to be accompanied by substantial risk of heart disease for males, public health measures like health promotion programs need to be implemented to decrease CVD burden.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Incidence Rate of Diabetes, Pre-diabetes, Uncontrolled Diabetes, and Their Predictors in the Adult Population in Southeastern Iran: Findings From KERCADR Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Najafipour ◽  
Maryam Farjami ◽  
Mojgan Sanjari ◽  
Raheleh Amirzadeh ◽  
Mitra Shadkam Farokhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Diabetes mellitus is among the most serious health challenges worldwide. We assessed the prevalence of pre-diabetes (pre-DM) and diabetes (DM), the effectiveness of diabetes management, the 5-year incidence rate, and associated variables in the adult population in southeastern Iran.Methods: In a random cluster household survey (2014–2018), 9,959 adult individuals aged 15–80 years were assessed for coronary artery disease risk factors, including diabetes mellitus in Kerman (KERCADRS, phase 2). Among these people, 2,820 persons had also participated in phase 1 of the study 5 years earlier (2009–2011). Univariable and multivariable survey logistic regression models were used to identify the potential predictors of diabetes and pre-diabetes.Results: The prevalence of pre-DM was 12% (males 13.2% vs. females 11.1%), steadily increasing from 7.1% in the 15–24 years group to 18.4% in the 55–64 years group. The prevalence of DM was 10.2% (male and female, 7.9 and 10.8%, respectively), of which 1.9% were undiagnosed. DM was diagnosed in 10.6% of educated and 15.1% of illiterate people. The prevalence of diagnosed DM was lower in smokers (5.2 vs. 8.7%) and dependent opium users (5.4 vs. 8.8%). The prevalence of uncontrolled DM (HbA1c &gt; 7%) was 48.8%, increasing with age. The frequency of uncontrolled DM among people without and with treatment was 32 and 55.9%, respectively. Illiterate people had worse uncontrolled DM (55.6 vs. 39.6%). The 5-year incidence rate (persons/100 person-years) was 1.5 for pre-DM and 1.2 for DM, respectively. The lowest and the highest incidence rate of DM belonged to the 15–34 years old group (0.5) and dependent opium users (2.4). The incidence rate was found to have a direct relationship with BMI and a reverse relationship with physical activity.Conclusion: Pre-DM and DM affected 22.2% of the population. One-third of patients with diabetes had undiagnosed DM, and in 55.9% of people with diagnosed DM, treatment had been ineffective. Appropriate health interventions are needed to reduce the prevalence and health consequences of diabetes in the region.

scholarly journals Physical Activity-Related Injuries and Risk Factors among Secondary School Students in Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weicong Cai ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
Ke Peng ◽  
Heather Kwok ◽  
Lin Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
School Students ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Potential Factors

Increase in physical activity (PA) might elevate risks for physical activity-related injuries (PARIs). This study aimed to investigate the incidence rate and risk factors for PARIs among secondary school students in Hong Kong. All eligible students from three secondary schools were invited to participate in the study from November to December 2014. Information on PARI occurrences in the past 12 months, PA participation, and sociodemographics was collected. Multivariate and hierarchical logistic regression models were performed to estimate the risk of potential factors for PARIs. In total, 1916 students in forms 1–6 (aged 14.3 ± 1.7 years) completed valid questionnaires, with an overall yearly PARI incidence rate of 32.1% (boys: 34.3%; girls: 29.3%). There were sex differences in the risk factors identified, except that family size was associated with PARIs for all participants. Longer duration and higher intensity of PA increased the risk for PARI occurrences in both sexes. In conclusion, PARIs were prevalent among secondary school students in Hong Kong, and different sexes had different PARI incidence rates and were influenced by different risk factors. There is an urgent call for effective sex-specific interventions to prevent PARIs in this population.

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