scholarly journals Neighbourhood disadvantage and depressive symptoms among adolescents followed into emerging adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 590-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rise B Goldstein ◽  
Awapuhi K Lee ◽  
Denise L Haynie ◽  
Jeremy W Luk ◽  
Brian J Fairman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Median Household Income ◽  
Neighbourhood Effects ◽  
Social Fragmentation ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundResidents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods report higher levels of depressive symptoms; however, few studies have employed prospective designs during adolescence, when depression tends to emerge. We examined associations of neighbourhood social fragmentation, income inequality and median household income with depressive symptoms in a nationally representative survey of adolescents.MethodsThe NEXT Generation Health Study enrolled 10th-grade students from 81 US high schools in the 2009–2010 school year. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Modified Depression Scale (wave 1) and the paediatric Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (waves 2–6). Neighbourhood characteristics at waves 1, 3, 4, and 5 were measured at the census tract level using geolinked data from the American Community Survey 5-year estimates. We used linear mixed models to relate neighbourhood disadvantage to depressive symptoms controlling for neighbourhood and individual sociodemographic factors.ResultsNone of the models demonstrated evidence for associations of social fragmentation, income inequality or median household income with depressive symptoms.ConclusionDespite the prospective design, repeated measures and nationally representative sample, we detected no association between neighbourhood disadvantage and depressive symptoms. This association may not exist or may be too small to detect in a geographically dispersed sample. Given the public health significance of neighbourhood effects, future research should examine the developmental timing of neighbourhood effects across a wider range of ages than in the current sample, consider both objective and subjective measures of neighbourhood conditions, and use spatially informative techniques that account for conditions of nearby neighbourhoods.

scholarly journals Positive and negative social support and depressive symptoms according to economic status among adults in Korea: cross-sectional results from the Health Examinees-Gem Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e023036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwa-Young Lee ◽  
Juhwan Oh ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi ◽  
Jongho Heo ◽  
Sujin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Positive Social Support

ObjectivesThe interaction between positive and negative social support as well as each domain of social support and income on depressive symptom has not been much explored. We aimed to examine the associations of positive and negative social support with the risk of depressive symptoms among urban-dwelling adults in Korea, focusing on those interaction effects.DesignWe used the first wave of a large-scale cohort study called The Health Examinees-Gem Study. Positive and negative support scores ranged between 0 and 6; the variables were then categorised into low, medium, and high groups. A two-level random intercept linear regression model was used, where the first level is individual and the second is the community. We further tested for interactions between each domain of social supports and household income.SettingA survey conducted at 38 health examination centres and training hospitals in major Korean cities and metropolitan areas during 2009–2010.Participants21 208 adult men and women aged between 40 and 69 in Korea (mean age: 52.6, SD: 8.0).Outcome measuresDepressive symptoms score measured by Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, with scores ranging from 0 to 60.ResultsLevel of positive and negative social support showed a negative and positive association with depressive symptom score with statistical significance at p<0.05, respectively. When the interaction terms among household income and social supports were examined, a negative association between level of positive social support and depressive symptom score was more pronounced as income was lower and level of negative social support was higher. Similarly, positive association between level of negative social support and depressive symptom score was more pronounced as income was lower and level of positive social support was lower.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that strategies for encouraging positive social support and discouraging negative social support for disadvantaged individuals might be effective in reducing depression in Korea.

scholarly journals Fatigue in patients on oral targeted or chemotherapy for cancer and associations with anxiety, depression, and quality of life

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Hanneke Poort ◽  
Jamie M. Jacobs ◽  
William F. Pirl ◽  
Jennifer S. Temel ◽  
Joseph A. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Severe Fatigue ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectivesOral treatment (targeted or chemotherapy) for cancer is being increasingly used. While fatigue is a known side effect of intravenous chemotherapy, the rate of fatigue and the impact of fatigue on other patient-reported outcomes are not well described.MethodAt Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 180 adult patients prescribed oral targeted or chemotherapy for various malignancies enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of adherence and symptom management. Patients completed baseline self-reported measures of fatigue (Brief Fatigue Inventory; BFI), anxiety and depressive symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS), and quality of life, including subscales for physical, social, emotional, and functional well-being ([QOL] Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy — General; FACT-G). We examined clinically relevant fatigue using a validated cut-off score for moderate-severe fatigue (BFI global fatigue ≥4) and tested the associations with anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and QOL with independent samples t-tests.ResultsAt baseline, 45 of 180 participants (25.0%) reported moderate-severe fatigue. Fatigued patients experienced more anxiety symptoms (mean diff. 3.73, P < 0.001), more depressive symptoms (mean diff. 4.14, P < 0.001), and worse QOL on the total FACT-G score (mean diff. −19.58, P < 0.001) and all subscales of the FACT-G compared to patients without moderate-severe fatigue.Significance of resultsOne in four patients on oral treatment for cancer experienced clinically relevant fatigue that is associated with greater anxiety and depressive symptoms and worse QOL.

Patient reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with human papilloma virus (HPV) positive versus negative head and neck cancer (HNC).

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (26_suppl) ◽  
pp. 87-87
Author(s):  
Jessica Ruth Bauman ◽  
Areej El-Jawahri ◽  
Karen Quinn ◽  
Lisa Arcikowski ◽  
Gina Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Hpv Status ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

87 Background: HNC caused by HPV has become an epidemic. Treatment for HNC results in a tremendous symptom burden. The impact of HPV-status on quality of life (QOL) and how this effects illness perception and mood has not been described. We sought to explore differences in PROs in patients with HPV + vs. - HNC. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from a prospective, longitudinal intervention study of 60 patients with newly diagnosed HNC undergoing concurrent chemoradiation. 30 control patients received standard care followed by 30 intervention patients who received an educational intervention. Satisfaction (information satisfaction questionnaire (ISQ)), mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)), illness perception (Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ)), and QOL (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory- Head and Neck (MDASI-HN)) were evaluated at baseline and 3 weeks. Data were analyzed using linear regression models controlling for the effect of the intervention to assess the association between HPV status and changes in PROs. Results: From 8/2014 to 10/2015, we enrolled 60 patients (2 excluded for hospitalization or care elsewhere). 29/58 (50%) had HPV + HNC. 40 (69%) were men. 54 (93%) had stage III/IV disease. Compared to patients with HPV - HNC, patients with HPV + HNC reported an increase in symptom burden, symptom interference, and depressive symptoms, as well as a more threatening illness perception from baseline to 3 weeks. There were no differences in anxiety or satisfaction. Table 1 details the regression models. Conclusions: Patients with HPV + HNC have a larger decrement in QOL during treatment than patients with HPV - HNC, which corresponds to a more threatening illness perception and more depressive symptoms. Interventions tailored to symptom management and mood should be developed for this unique population. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Are Gold Standard Depression Measures Appropriate for Use in Geriatric Cancer Patients? A Systematic Evaluation of Self-Report Depression Instruments Used With Geriatric, Cancer, and Geriatric Cancer Samples

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian J. Nelson ◽  
Christina Cho ◽  
Alexandra R. Berk ◽  
Jimmie Holland ◽  
Andrew J. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Draft Guidance ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Geriatric Cancer

Purpose Geriatric issues in cancer are becoming prominent. Depression is a significant concern for both the elderly and patients with cancer, yet identifying depression in these patients is difficult and often leads to under-recognition. We conducted a systematic review to determine which depression instruments are appropriate for use in geriatric patients with cancer. Methods We identified the most commonly used self-report depression instruments. We then used the criteria established in the US Food and Drug Administration Draft Guidance on Patient-Reported Outcome Measures to determine the extent of validation evidence of these measures in geriatric cancer populations. Finally, we determined which instruments captured depressive symptoms that are common among elderly patients with cancer. Results Eight measures were selected as the most commonly used instruments. These were the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Brief Symptom Inventory-18, Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale-15, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Profile of Mood States–Short Form, and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Many have been validated for use with geriatric adults and patients with cancer; however, data addressing content validity and responder definition were lacking. To date, there is no validation information for geriatric patients with cancer. Furthermore, symptom profile analysis revealed that these measures do not identify many symptoms signaling depression in geriatric patients with cancer. Conclusion The validation evidence for use of common depression instruments in geriatric patients with cancer is lacking. This, and the possibility that these measures may not assess common depressive symptoms in geriatric patients with cancer, questions the adequacy of these scales in this population.

scholarly journals Hate Crime Analysis based on Artificial Intelligence Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 01062
Author(s):  
Shaoxuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Median Household Income

Hate crimes always take a toll on American citizens, which harms social security. It is essential for researchers to explore the factors, which lead to hate crimes. This research is to find out the relationship between hate crimes and factors including income inequality, median household income, race using Machine Learning methods. Machine Learning, as an important branch in Artificial Intelligence, is a good way for finding relationships between things. The research is based on a dataset of hate crimes rates in the 2016 U.S. presidential election as well as hate crimes rates in every U.S. state from 2010 to 2015. Simply linear regression and multiple linear regression are used to describe the factors that influence the crime rate and their contributions, such as share of white poverty or share of non-white residents, or the median household income. Then, K-means is applied to classify hate crimes into 5 levels according to the crime rate. Furthermore, KNearest Neighbors is used to demonstrate a prediction of hate crime. At last, a histogram is applied to indicate the variance of the hate crimes in different states. From linear regression, four highest correlation coefficients with a hate crime can be found out, which are income inequality, median household income, the share of noncitizen, and race in turn. Income inequality has the highest correlation coefficient with a hate crime. From multiple linear regression, it can be found out that only by implementing income inequality, median household income, and race can we obtain the highest R square values, which are 0.44 for 2010 to 2015 hate crimes and 0.33 for 2016 hate crimes. From the K-Nearest Neighbors method, hate crimes can be predicted with an accuracy of 40% by applying median household income. Adding the race factor, accuracy rises to 50%. In summary, income inequality, median household income, and race have a high impact on the crime rate. The median household income and the race could predict the crime rate with an accuracy of about 50%.

scholarly journals Newborn Behavioral Observation, maternal stress, depressive symptoms and the mother-infant relationship: Results from the Northern Babies Longitudinal Study (NorBaby).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnhild Sørensen Høifødt ◽  
Dag Nordahl ◽  
Inger Pauline Landsem ◽  
Gábor Csifcsák ◽  
Agnes Bohne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Maternal Depressive Symptoms

Abstract Background: Families can experience the postpartum period as overwhelming and many report a special need for support. The Newborn Behavioral Observation (NBO) aims to promote a positive parent-infant relationship by sensitising parents to the infant’s signals. This article evaluates the NBO as a universal preventive intervention within the regular well-baby clinic service on measures of maternal depressive symptoms, parental stress, the mother-infant relationship and satisfaction/benefit of the postpartum follow-up.Methods : This investigation is part of a larger longitudinal study comprising 220 women and 130 of their partners recruited between 2015 and 2017. The study had a non-randomised cluster-controlled design with 6 measurement points. This article is based on a sample of 196 women using data from T1 (gestational weeks 13-39), T4 (5-15 weeks postpartum) and T5 (3-9 months postpartum). Participants were allocated to a group receiving the NBO (n=82) and a care as usual comparison group (n=114). We measured maternal depressive symptoms and parental stress using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI). The mother-infant relationship was assessed with the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ), the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS) and the Maternal Confidence Questionnaire (MCQ). Participants also answered questions about satisfaction/benefit of the postpartum follow-up. Results: A Mann-Whitney U test indicated that participants in the NBO-group learned significantly more than the comparison group from the follow-up about the baby’s signals in relation to sleep/sleep patterns, social interaction and crying/fuzziness. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) and repeated measures ANCOVA found no significant differences between the groups for the mother-infant relationship domains and few differences in depressive symptoms and parental stress. The repeated measures ANCOVA found that participants in the NBO-group scored slightly higher on parental stress, although the difference was small. Conclusions: The results indicate that the NBO-group learned more than the comparison group about reading their child’s signals in important everyday situations. However, the benefits of the NBO were limited for depressive symptoms, parental stress and self-reported mother-infant relationship. The study sample was generally well-functioning, and the results indicate that the benefits of the NBO may be limited within a well-functioning sample.

scholarly journals Development and persistence of depressive symptoms in adolescents with CHD

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Luyckx ◽  
Jessica Rassart ◽  
Eva Goossens ◽  
Silke Apers ◽  
Leen Oris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Cardiac Symptoms ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Over Time

AbstractPatients with CHD are vulnerable to psychiatric disorders. The present study compared baseline depressive symptoms between adolescents with CHD and community adolescents, and also assessed the development and persistence of depressive symptoms in patients. We examined the implications of persistent depressive symptoms towards quality of life and patient-reported health. In total, 296 adolescents with CHD participated in a four-wave longitudinal study, with 9-month intervals, and completed measures of depressive symptoms – Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) – at time points one to four and of quality of life – linear analogue scale (LAS) – and patient-reported health – LAS and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory – at T (time) 4. Information about diagnosis, disease complexity, and previous heart surgery was collected from medical records. At T1, 278 patients were matched 1:1 with community adolescents, based on sex and age. The findings of this study indicate that patients scored significantly lower on depressive symptoms compared with community adolescents. Depressive symptoms in the total patient sample were stable over time and were unrelated to disease complexity. Based on conventional cut-off scores of the CES-D, substantial individual differences existed in the extent to which depressive symptoms persisted over time: 12.2% of the patients reported elevated depressive symptoms at minimally three out of the four time points. Especially physical functioning, cardiac symptoms, and patient-reported health at T4 were predicted by persistent depressive symptoms, even when controlling for the level of depressive symptoms at T4. Our findings indicate that those involved in the care of adolescents with CHD should remain vigilant to persistent depressive symptoms and arrange timely referral to mental healthcare services.

scholarly journals The Other Student Debt Crisis: How Borrowing to Pay for a Child’s College Education Relates to Parents’ Mental Health at Midlife

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1494-1503
Author(s):  
Katrina M Walsemann ◽  
Jennifer A Ailshire ◽  
Caroline Sten Hartnett
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
College Education ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Student Debt ◽  
Educational Debt ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objectives More parents are borrowing to help their children pay for college. These loans may be a source of financial stress and worry, which could influence parents’ mental health. We determine whether child-related educational debt is associated with worse mental health among parents and if fathers are more sensitive to this debt than mothers, given potential gender differences in financial decision-making and relationships with adult children. Method Data come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, a nationally representative sample of persons born between 1957 and 1964. We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Short Form-12 Mental Health Component Score to assess mental health. We restricted our sample to parents who had at least one biological child attend college and who were interviewed at age 50, when mental health was assessed (n = 3,545). Results Among fathers, having any child-related educational debt versus none was associated with fewer depressive symptoms, but having greater amounts of child-related educational debt was associated with more depressive symptoms and worse mental health. No relationship was found for mothers. Discussion Our findings indicate that the student debt crisis may also have mental health implications for aging parents, particularly for fathers.

Evaluation of inpatient cancer rehabilitation by routine electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROM): Improvement of quality of life (QoL) and psychological distress.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18294-e18294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Licht ◽  
Alain Nickels ◽  
David Riedl ◽  
Gerhard Rumpold ◽  
Bernhard Holzner
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Cancer Rehabilitation ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Eortc Qlq

e18294 Background: Many cancer survivors suffer from psychological distress and poor QoL. Cancer rehabilitation is aimed at improving their condition but the benefit remains controversial, we have thus investigated the outcome. Methods: ePROM were routinely integrated into the inpatient program of a cancer rehabilitation center in Austria. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess distress, and EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire for analysis of cancer-related symptoms and functions. Patients answered questions via internet prior to admission (T0). This allowed for allocation of physical therapies and 4-8 psychological counseling sessions according to their needs. Following informed consent, the outcome was investigated likewise by the time of discharge after 3 weeks (T1). Data were analyzed with SPSS software using ANOVA repeated measures. Results: 4198 patients (age 59.2±11.7 yr; range 18-91 years; 61.5% female) participated between January 2015, and August 2018. HADS identified a marked reduction of anxiety and depression, with distress levels similar to the normal population by T1. QLQ-C30 revealed significant increases for global QoL; physical, social, emotional and role functions. All recorded symptoms were improved, in particular fatigue, pain and insomnia. Moreover, subgroup analyses confirmed improvement for 11 investigated entities. Of notice, decrease of anxiety was most prominent in survivors of breast, head/neck and lung cancer patients (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between a subgroup of 1122 elderly ( > 70 yr), and younger patients except for the physical function, which improved significantly in older patients (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Our study shows that inclusion of ePROM into inpatient cancer rehabilitation helps allocate therapies according to individual needs. This large series demonstrates significant reduction of psychological distress and improvement of all parameters of QoL. [Table: see text]

Patterns of depressive symptoms among younger elderly (60–74 years old) and older elderly (≥75 years old) in Jamaica

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (08) ◽  
pp. 1217-1224
Author(s):  
Roger C. Gibson ◽  
Kenneth James ◽  
Norman K. Waldron ◽  
Wendel D. Abel ◽  
Denise Eldemire-Shearer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Nationally Representative

ABSTRACTObjectives:We sought to explore factors associated with depressive symptom severity among older persons (≥60 years of age) and to compare the depressive symptoms commonly experienced by older elderly (≥75 years) with those commonly experienced by younger elderly (&lt;75 years).Design:Secondary analysis was conducted on data from a nationally representative survey.Setting:Four parishes in Jamaica.Participants:A total of 2,943 older community dwellers participated.Measurements:The survey included the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (ZSDS), the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and items on age, sex, and educational level. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between ZSDS score and: age, sex, MMSE score, and educational level. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine, for each ZSDS item, whether particular responses were more associated with older or younger elderly.Results:Higher ZSDS scores were associated with increasing age (B = 0.13, p &lt; 0.001), lower MMSE score (B = −0.42, p &lt; 0.001), the female sex (B = 3.52, p &lt; 0.001), and lower educational level (B = −1.27, p &lt; 0.001). The ZSDS items that were endorsed significantly more (p &lt; 0.05) by older elderly related to negative evaluations about their functionality and value. Hopelessness was also more prominent among the older elderly. The items that were endorsed significantly more (p &lt; 0.05) by the younger elderly had less of a focus.Conclusion:Among older persons, increasing age was associated with marginally higher levels of depressive symptoms. Female gender, cognitive deficits, preoccupations about value and functionality, and feelings of hopelessness may serve as useful screening parameters.

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