scholarly journals A State Level Retrospective Analysis of Newborn Screening for Hemoglobinopathies

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 5806-5806
Author(s):  
Maryam Gbadamosi-Akindele ◽  
Sarah Aurit ◽  
Amissabah Johnson ◽  
Alex Nester
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
State Level ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The State ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
Variant Hemoglobin

Introduction: Screening for variant hemoglobin is essential in identifying newborns born with hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell trait (SCT). Screening allows families the opportunity for patient education as well as genetic counseling. This study aimed to better understand the trends in newborn screening of variant hemoglobin in the state of Nebraska over a period of eight years. Methods: Using the Department of Health and Human Services state-level screening information,the crude incidence rate of SCT was calculated as the screened positives divided by the total number of screened newborns within the state of Nebraska from 2011 to 2018. Rates were further delineated by variant. A Daniel's test was utilized to determine if the crude incidence rates exhibited characteristics of a trend. Rates were also examined with joinpoint regression to determine annual percent change (APC). Excel v 1808 and Joinpoint Trend Analysis v 4.5 software packages were used for all analyses; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: We identified 3,416 newborns with SCT among a total of 211,697 live births, which is an incidence rate of 161.4 cases per 10,000 screened newborns. There was no evidence of a trend in the overall incidence rate from 2011 to 2018 (p = 0.493). However, the incidence of FA Barts significantly increased over the examined interval (p = 0.015) with a 4.4% APC (95% CI: 0.7% to 8.3%; p =0.026) Conclusion: The data obtained from this study showed no significant change in the incidence of SCT in the state of Nebraska from 2011 to 2018. However, there was a significant increase in the incidence of Hemoglobin FA Barts. Hemoglobin FA Barts is associated primarily with alpha thalassemia, which is most prevalent in southeast Asia, but is also common in the Mediterranean, Africa, Middle east, Central Asia and India. This finding is of interest and likely related to the changing migration patterns in the state of Nebraska. For the healthcare system to continue to provide appropriate care, future studies should aim to further elucidate this trend and patient demographics of this increasing patient population in the state of Nebraska. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Nationwide trends in the incidence of orbital lymphoma from 1999 to 2016 in South Korea

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316796
Author(s):  
Su Kyung Jung ◽  
Jiwon Lim ◽  
Suk Woo Yang ◽  
Young-Joo Won
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Orbital Lymphoma

Background/AimsLymphomas are the most frequent neoplasm of the orbit. However, the epidemiology of orbital lymphomas is not well reported. This study aimed to provide a population-based report on the epidemiology of orbital lymphomas and measure the trends in the incidence of orbital lymphoma cancer in South Korea.MethodsNationwide cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2016 were obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry. Age-standardised incidence rates and annual percent changes were calculated according to sex and histological types. The analysis according to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results summary stage classifications was performed from 2006 to 2016. Survival rates were estimated for cases diagnosed from 1999 to 2016.ResultsA total of 630 patients (median age: 54 years) with orbital lymphoma in the orbital soft tissue were included in this study. The age-standardised incidence rates increased from 0.03 to 0.08 per 100 000 individuals between 1999 and 2016, with an annual percent change of 6.61%. The most common histopathological type of orbital lymphoma was extra marginal zone B cell lymphoma, accounting for 82.2% of all orbital lymphomas during 1999–2016, followed by diffuse large B cell lymphoma (9.2%). Five-year, 10-year and 15-year overall survival (OS) of orbital lymphoma was 90.8%, 83.8% and 75.8%, respectively. OS showed a significant decrease as age increased and no significant differences between men and women.ConclusionThe incidence rate of orbital lymphoma is very low in South Korea. However, the incidence rate has increased over the past years. Orbital lymphomas have a worse prognosis as age increases.

APPROACHES TO SCREENING

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 858-860
Author(s):  
Mary S. Harris ◽  
James R. Eckman
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Health Department ◽  
Newborn Screening Program ◽  
Tertiary Care Centers

Georgia's newborn screening program for hemoglobinopathies has been evolving for more than 23 years. The program began in 1964 with the screening of infants at 6 months of age and progressed to the full-scale implementation of a statewide hemoglobinopathy newborn screening program in 1980. The program functions as a cooperative effort with several major components: two tertiary care centers, a community-based clinic, and the state public health department. The tertiary care centers consist of the Augusta Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center affiliated with the Medical College of Georgia and the Georgia Sickle Cell Center at Grady Hospital affiliated with Emory University School of Medicine. These two centers are responsible for patient care, education, and research. The community component consists of the Sickle Cell Foundation of Georgia, which is responsible for counceling clients with sickle cell trait, community education, and notification of parents of infants with normal test results. The state component consists of the Georgia Department of Human Resources, which is responsible for program administration and primary laboratory testing. The program components coordinate their services through a voluntary organization known as the Georgia Sickle Cell Task Force. The organization consists of representatives from agencies and organizations actively involved in the provision of services for patients with sickle cell disease. The members of this organization work together to ensure an efficient service network for education, testing, counseling, patient management, program monitoring, and evaluation. Georgia's screening program can best be described as a targeted, voluntary, mandatory screening program, which means that, unless the mother objects to having her infant tested on religious grounds, infants in 13 ethnic groups are automatically tested because they are considered at risk (African, Arabian, Central American, Greek, Maltese, Hispanic, Indian, Portuguese, Puerto Rican, Sardinian, Sicilian, South American, and Southern Asian).

The Incidence of Symptomatic Urolithiasis in Royal Naval Submariners

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
P. I. Raffaelli
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Respective Rate

AbstractSubmariners are exposed to a number of environmental, dietary and behavioural factors thought to be associated with urolithiasis. A comparative study of the incidence rate in submariners and non-submariners over a seven year period was carried out.A total of 267 cases of uroli thias is resulting in illness of 48 hours or greater duration were recorded during the years 1979 to 1985 of which 251 were available for study. Thirty four were identified as submariners and 217 as non-submariners (94% successfully identified). The total person years at risk for the two groups were 45, 171 and 311, 619 respectively. The crude incidence rates, indirectly standardised incidence ratio, the indirectly standardised incidence rates and the relative risk were calculated. Although each respective rate was greater for submariners than that for non-submariners the differences were not statistically significant. It is concluded that this study has failed to identify an increased relative risk for submariners to develop symptomatic urolithiasis.

scholarly journals Melanoma Incidence Among Non-Hispanic Whites in All 50 US States From 2001 Through 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron P Thrift ◽  
Franciska J Gudenkauf
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Melanoma Incidence

Abstract Background The United States has large regional variation in primary prevention campaigns for skin cancer. We collected data from all 50 states to examine changes in melanoma incidence and performed age-period-cohort analyses to describe the simultaneous effects of age, period, and cohort on incidence rates. Methods Annual melanoma incidence rates for non-Hispanic whites from 2001 to 2015 were extracted from the US Cancer Statistics registry. Secular trends were examined overall and by sex and state. We used joinpoint regression to compute annual percent change and average annual percent change and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also analyzed incidence trends by 5-year age group and birth cohort using incidence rate ratios and age-period-cohort modeling. Results Melanoma incidence increased from 20.7 per 100 000 (95% CI = 20.5 to 20.9) in 2001 to 28.2 per 100 000 (95% CI = 28.0 to 28.5) in 2015, increasing by 3.90% (95% CI = 2.36% to 5.48%) annually between 2001 and 2005 and 1.68% (95% CI = 1.37% to 1.99%) annually from 2005 through 2015. The average annual percent change in melanoma incidence rates were similar for men (2.34%, 95% CI = 1.91 to 2.78) and women (2.25%, 95% CI = 1.60 to 2.91). Age-specific relative risk by birth cohort increased from circa 1921 to 1981 before decreasing. Compared with adults born circa 1956, those born circa 1991 had lower melanoma risk (incidence rate ratio  = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.77 to 0.94). Geographic variation was observed; some states still have melanoma rates trending upwards in all birth cohorts. Conclusions The continued increase in melanoma incidence among non-Hispanic whites, particularly in states where rates continue to rise among recent and current birth cohorts, underscores the need for increased public health campaigns aimed at reducing sun exposure.

scholarly journals Nationwide incidence of central retinal artery occlusion in Japan: an exploratory descriptive study using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims (2011–2015)

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e041104
Author(s):  
Ai Kido ◽  
Hiroshi Tamura ◽  
Hanako Ohashi Ikeda ◽  
Masahiro Miyake ◽  
Shusuke Hiragi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
National Database ◽  
Insurance Claims ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
Health Insurance Claims

AimsThe latest evidence in the incidence of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is needed to support the development of novel treatments as orphan drugs. However, up-to-date information on the incidence of CRAO in the ageing or aged population is limited. We aimed to investigate the nationwide epidemiological and clinical characteristics of CRAO in Japan, using nationwide health insurance claims data.MethodsWe analysed a total of 16 069 762 claims data in the sampling dataset of the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB), which is the nationwide health insurance claims database of 127 million whole Japanese individuals. CRAO was identified using the International Classification of Diseases 10th edition diagnostic code H34.1. The crude incidence rates and age-standardised incidence rates of CRAO, according to the standard age-structure population of the WHO, were calculated.ResultsThe crude incidence rate of CRAO in Japan was 5.84 (95% CI, 5.71 to 5.97) per 100 000 person-years. With respect to the sex-related incidence, the rate was higher 1.40 times in men than in women (6.85 (95% CI, 6.65 to 7.06) vs 4.88 (95% CI, 4.71 to 5.05), p<0.001). The age-standardised incidence rate was 2.53 (95% CI, 2.29 to 2.76) per 100 000 person-years.ConclusionsThe crude incidence rate of CRAO was higher in Japan than in other countries, as reported previously, reflecting the Japanese population structure as a super-aged society. These findings can be helpful for the development of appropriate healthcare policies to address the increasing incidence of CRAO with the ageing population.

scholarly journals Newly incident cannabis use in the United States, 2002–2011: a regional and state level benchmark

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob P. Leinweber ◽  
Hui G. Cheng ◽  
Catalina Lopez-Quintero ◽  
James C. Anthony
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
Mexico Border

BackgroundCannabis use and cannabis regulatory policies recently re-surfaced as noteworthy global research and social media topics, including claims that Mexicans have been sending cannabis and other drug supplies through a porous border into the United States. These circumstances prompted us to conduct an epidemiological test of whether the states bordering Mexico had exceptionally large cannabis incidence rates for 2002–2011. The resulting range of cannabis incidence rates disclosed here can serve as 2002–2011 benchmark values against which estimates from later years can be compared.MethodsThe population under study is 12-to-24-year-old non-institutionalized civilian community residents of the US, sampled and assessed with confidential audio computer-assisted self-interviews (ACASI) during National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2002–2011 (aggregaten ∼ 420,000) for which public use datasets were available. We estimated state-specific cannabis incidence rates based on independent replication sample surveys across these years, and derived meta-analysis estimates for 10 pre-specified regions, including the Mexico border region.ResultsFrom meta-analysis, the estimated annual incidence rate for cannabis use in the Mexico Border Region is 5% (95% CI [4%–7%]), which is not an exceptional value relative to the overall US estimate of 6% (95% CI [5%–6%]). Geographically quite distant from Mexico and from states of the western US with liberalized cannabis policies, the North Atlantic Region population has the numerically largest incidence estimate at 7% (95% CI [6%–8%]), while the Gulf of Mexico Border Region population has the lowest incidence rate at 5% (95% CI [4%–6%]). Within the set of state-specific estimates, Vermont’s and Utah’s populations have the largest and smallest incidence rates, respectively (VT: 9%; 95% CI [8%–10%]; UT: 3%; 95% CI [3%–4%]).DiscussionBased on this study’s estimates, among 12-to-24-year-old US community residents, an estimated 6% start to use cannabis each year (roughly one in 16). Relatively minor variation in region-wise and state-level estimates is seen, although Vermont and Utah might be exceptional. As of 2011, proximity to Mexico, to Canada, and to the western states with liberalized policies apparently has induced little variation in cannabis incidence rates. Our primary intent was to create a set of benchmark estimates for state-specific and region-specific population incidence rates for cannabis use, using meta-analysis based on independent US survey replications. Public health officials and policy analysts now can use these benchmark estimates from 2002–2011 for planning, and in comparisons with newer estimates.

Trends in Incidence and Survival of Myeloid Malignancies Since 1980, in the Côte D'or Department, Burgundy, France.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3122-3122
Author(s):  
Marc Maynadié ◽  
Ines Manivet ◽  
Morgane Mounier ◽  
Francine Mugneret ◽  
François Bailly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
World Population ◽  
Myeloid Malignancies ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Abstract 3122 Poster Board III-59 Objective The Registry of Haematological Malignancies (HM) has been established on January 1st, 1980 in the department of Côte d'Or (pop 500 000 inhabitants). It was the first specialized registry in haematology in the world. During the course of 25 years (1980-2004), 5026 cases of HM were recorded including 1553 Myeloid malignancies (MM) in which entities not initially considered as malignant were taken in account such as Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and some Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). This allow us to present trends in incidence and survival of myeloid malignancies by entities since 1980. Method MM diagnosed in the population between 01/01/1980 and 31/12/2004 were registered. They were coded according to ICD-O-3 and following the principles of the 2001 WHO classification i.e. new threshold of definition of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). World population standardized incidence rate were calculated by sex, age, by urban /rural repartition and by period of time. Five-year, 10-y, 15-y and 20-y relative survival was calculated using Estève's method and based on vital status updated at the end of 2007. Results Incidence rate for whole MM were 3.73/100 000/y in men and 2.74 in women. They were 2.82 for AML, 3.73 in MPN and 2.83 in MDS. Sex ratio was 1.5/1 as a whole and urban/ratio was always close to 2, data being statistically significant for numerous entities. Incidence rates increase with age until 75y-o for AML and 80y-o for MPN and then decreased except for MDS in which incidence continue to increase. Along the period, only incidence of MDS increases significantly with an annual medium rate of 3% (2.7 in men and 3.3 in women). In MPN, a significant increase was observed only for women (2%). Within AML, surprisingly a significant increase was found for AML with recurrent cytogenetic abnormality in men (8.03%). 15-years relative survival was the best for MPN (46%), being significantly better in women (59% vs 31%), in which Essential Thrombocythemia was the best (74%). On the contrary, the worst 15-y survival was for was for MDS (9%). Within AML, the best survival was found for AML recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities (15-y: 54%) compare to other categories (4-8%). Survival has not increased along the period, has increased significantly in MPN. In AML, 10-y survival has increased until 1999 to reach 39% but has decreased for the 2000-2004 period (8-y: 11%). Conclusion Analysis of the largest epidemiologic database on HM allow to produce information such as a significant increase of incidence of MDS in which survival remained very poor in both sex, a good survival of MPN compared to other categories and a worrying decreased of survival of AML in the more recent period. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Contemporary Estimates of the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 1143-1143
Author(s):  
Vicky Tagalakis ◽  
Valerie Patenaude ◽  
Susan R. Kahn ◽  
Samy Suissa
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
General Population ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Source Population

Abstract Abstract 1143 Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a growing public health problem due largely to the aging population and the increasing prevalence of known risk factors such as surgery and cancer-related treatments. As a result, the true burden of VTE is not fully known and more contemporary estimates of incidence are needed. Objectives: We estimated the incidence of a first VTE event in a general population. Methods: This retrospective, observational study used the linked administrative healthcare databases of the province of Québec, Canada, including the province-wide hospitalization database (MED-ÉCHO) and the healthcare services database of RAMQ which oversees all physician reimbursement claims for services provided to Québec residents. From a source population of all RAMQ beneficiaries with a physician visit or a hospitalization associated with an ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CA diagnosis code for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) recorded between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2009 and without a DVT or PE code prior to January 1, 2000, we identified a cohort of Québec residents with definite incident VTE and a cohort with definite or probable incident VTE. We used a priori determined diagnostic algorithms using RAMQ and MED-ÉCHO data to identify definite and probable cases of VTE. Subjects were followed forward in time from first-time VTE occurrence until the earliest of either death or end of study period (December 31, 2009). Incidence rates of first VTE, DVT alone, and PE with or without DVT were calculated by dividing the number of new cases by the total person-years at risk in the population of Québec residents eligible for RAMQ between 2000 and 2009. Age-specific incidence rates and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using achieved age during follow-up, and as a result patients contributed person-time in different age categories while aging during follow-up. Crude and age-adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) were reported comparing rates among women and men. Results: From the 245 452 Québec residents between 2000 and 2009 with at least 1 VTE diagnosis in RAMQ or MED-ÉCHO (source population), we identified 67 410 cases with definite VTE and 35 123 cases with probable VTE. The incidence rate of definite VTE was 0.91 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.90–0.91). For DVT alone, the incidence was 0.53 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.52–0.52) and for PE with or without DVT it was 0.38 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.38–0.38). The incidence rates increased with age, and rates in patients 70 years of age and older were more than 4 times higher than rates in patients who were 40–69 years of age (Table 1). The VTE incidence rate was 0.99 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.98–1.00) in women as compared to 0.82 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.81–0.83) in men. The IRR was 1.19 (95% CI: 1.17–1.22) but this sex difference was no longer seen when adjusted for age (IRR 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96–1.01). The corresponding VTE, DVT alone, and PE incidence rates per 1000 person-years for definite or probable VTE were 1.24 (95% CI: 1.23–1.24), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.78–0.79), and 0.45 (95% CI: 0.45–0.46), respectively. Conclusion: Our study provides real-world contemporary estimates of VTE incidence. The risk in the general population is about 0.9 to 1.2 per 1000 person-years and is highest in the elderly. These data may help inform public healthcare planning and future research. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Incidence of Melanoma in Catalonia, Spain, Is Rapidly Increasing in the Elderly Population. A Multicentric Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3396
Author(s):  
Sebastian Podlipnik ◽  
Cristina Carrera ◽  
Aram Boada ◽  
Nina Richarz ◽  
Joaquim Marcoval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Melanoma Subtypes

The incidence of melanoma has been increasing worldwide during recent decades. The objective of the study was to analyse the trends in incidence for in situ and invasive melanoma in the Spanish region of Catalonia during the period of 2008–2017. We designed a cross-sectional study with an age-period-cohort analysis of melanoma patient data from the Network of Melanoma Centres in Catalonia. Our database covered a population of over seven million and included a total of 8626 patients with incident melanoma. The main outcome measures were crude and age-standardised incidence rates to the European 2013 standard population. Joinpoint regression models were used to evaluate the population trends. We observed an increase in the age-standardised incidence rate (per 100,000 population) of all melanoma subtypes from 11.56 in 2008 to 13.78 in 2017 with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of 3.5%. This incidence increase was seen exclusively in the older population. Moreover, the stratified analysis showed a statistically significant increase in the age-standardised incidence rate for invasive (AAPC 2.1%) and in situ melanoma (AAPC 6.5%). In conclusion, the incidence of melanoma has continued to increase in the elderly population over recent decades, with a rapidly increasing trend of in situ melanomas and the lentigo maligna subtype.

scholarly journals Incidence rates and contemporary trends in primary urethral cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Wenzel ◽  
Luigi Nocera ◽  
Claudia Collà Ruvolo ◽  
Christoph Würnschimmel ◽  
Zhe Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Histological Subtype ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Purpose We assessed contemporary incidence rates and trends of primary urethral cancer. Methods We identified urethral cancer patients within Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registry (SEER, 2004–2016). Age-standardized incidence rates per 1,000,000 (ASR) were calculated. Log linear regression analyses were used to compute average annual percent change (AAPC). Results From 2004 to 2016, 1907 patients with urethral cancer were diagnosed (ASR 1.69; AAPC: -0.98%, p = 0.3). ASR rates were higher in males than in females (2.70 vs. 0.55), respectively and did not change over the time (both p = 0.3). Highest incidence rates were recorded in respectively ≥75 (0.77), 55–74 (0.71) and ≤54 (0.19) years of age categories, in that order. African Americans exhibited highest incidence rate (3.33) followed by Caucasians (1.72), other race groups (1.57) and Hispanics (1.57), in that order. A significant decrease occurred over time in Hispanics, but not in other race groups. In African Americans, male and female sex-stratified incidence rates were higher than in any other race group. Urothelial histological subtype exhibited highest incidence rate (0.92), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (0.41), adenocarcinoma (0.29) and other histologies (0.20). In stage stratified analyses, T1N0M0 stage exhibited highest incidence rate. However, it decreased over time (−3.00%, p = 0.02) in favor of T1-4N1-2M0 stage (+ 2.11%, p = 0.02). Conclusion Urethral cancer is rare. Its incidence rates are highest in males, elderly patients, African Americans and in urothelial histological subtype. Most urethral cancer cases are T1N0M0, but over time, the incidence of T1N0M0 decreased in favor of T1-4N1-2M0.

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