S18 Investigating the impact of influenza activity on excess mortality rates from cardiovascular, respiratory and renal diseases in Ireland during the 2010/11–2019/20 influenza seasons

La sociedad salteña, a principios del siglo XX, se caracterizaba por importantes desigualdades de tipo social, que a su vez cristalizaban en problemas en el ámbito de la salud y la educación. Con tasas de mortalidad general e infantil muy altas, ocasionadas por el impacto de dolencias endémicas y epidémicas, la población debía lidiar con graves problemas de salud. No obstante, en 1919 esa situación se agravó, a las epidemias y endemias se sumó la segunda oleada de la pandemia de “gripe española” generando una crisis de mortalidad. En este artículo se pretende analizar el papel que habría tenido la segunda oleada de gripe española en la provincia y en los Departamentos de la misma que habría generado esta crisis. Para ello se realiza un análisis de carácter cuantitativo con base a datos provistos por la Dirección de Estadísticas de la Provincia de Salta (Argentina), con los cuales se generarán tasas de mortalidad y sobremortalidad que se relacionarán con datos provistos por el censo de población de 1914 proyectados, este análisis será relacionado con datos cualitativos que provee el único periódico de la época encontrado.Palabras claves: salud, pandemia, gripe española, Salta.Spanish Flu and Mortality Crisis in Salta, Argentina. In Early Twentieth CenturyAbstract In the early twentieth century, Salta’s society was characterized by significant social inequalities that were also expressed in the field of health and education. With high overall mortality and infant mortality rates due to the impact of endemic and epidemic diseases, the population had to deal with serious health problems. In 1919, the situation worsened: in addition to epidemics and endemic diseases, the second wave of the “Spanish flu” appeared, resulting in a mortality crisis. The article aims to analyze the role that the second wave of the Spanish flu could have played in Salta and its departments’ crisis. In order to do this, an analysis based on quantitative data provided by the Bureau of Statistics of the Province of Salta will carry out. The statistical data will be used to generate mortality rates and excess mortality that will be related with projected data based on the 1914 Census. This data will also be related with the qualitative information obtained from the only newspaper found from that historical period.Keywords: health, pandemic, spanish flu, Salta.

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Excess Mortality Attributed to Hurricane Irma Among Assisted Living Residents With Chronic Conditions in Florida

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.1104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 286-286

Author(s):

Kali Thomas ◽

Lindsay Peterson ◽

Debra Dobbs ◽

Ross Andel ◽

David Dosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Assisted Living ◽

Chronic Conditions ◽

Excess Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Medicare Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Hurricane Irma

Abstract Little is known about the impact of hurricanes on residents in assisted living communities (ALs), especially among individuals with chronic conditions that increase their risk of death after storms. We examined how the association between exposure to Hurricane Irma in 2017 and mortality differed by select chronic conditions. With Medicare data, we identified cohorts of AL residents in 2015 (n= 30,712) and 2017 (n= 29,842 ) and compared their rates of 30-day and 90-day and mortality. We adjusted rates for demographic characteristics and other comorbidities. AL residents with diabetes were at highest risk of death after the storm; between 2015 and 2017 they experienced a 50% increase in their 30-day mortality rates (0.6% in 2015, 0.9% in 2017) and a 43% increase in their 90-day mortality rates (2.1% in 2015, 3.0% in 2017). Policy makers should consider strategies to ensure that diabetic residents maintain continuity of medical care during disasters.

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The impact of tobacco-related cancers on excess mortality rates in Polish men

Nowotwory Journal of Oncology ◽

10.5603/njo.2017.0016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 103-107

Author(s):

Urszula Sulkowska ◽

Jakub Łobaszewski ◽

Marta Mańczuk

Keyword(s):

Excess Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

The Impact

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Early estimates of the excess mortality associated with the 2008-9 influenza season in Portugal

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/ese.14.18.19194-en ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (18) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

P J Nogueira ◽

B Nunes ◽

A Machado ◽

E Rodrigues ◽

V Gómez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Excess Mortality ◽

Total Population ◽

Influenza Season ◽

Statistical Modelling ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Age Group ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Influenza Activity ◽

The Impact ◽

Excess Deaths

The aim of this study was to estimate the excess mortality associated with the influenza activity registered in Portugal between week 49 of 2008 and week 5 of 2009. For this purpose available mortality data from the Portuguese Daily Mortality Monitoring (VDM) System were used. Several estimates of excess deaths associated with the recent recorded influenza activity were determined through statistical modelling (cyclic regression) for the total population and disaggregated by gender and age group. The results show that the impact of the 2008-9 influenza season was 1,961 excess deaths, with approximately 82% of these occurring in the age group of 75 years and older.

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Excess Deaths associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ukraine in 2020

10.1101/2021.09.28.21264266 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Neil K. Mehta ◽

Ihor Honchar ◽

Olena Doroshenko ◽

Igor Brovchenko ◽

Khrystyna Pak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Excess Mortality ◽

Age Groups ◽

European Countries ◽

List Type ◽

Younger Age ◽

Influenza Activity ◽

Expected Mortality ◽

The Impact ◽

Excess Deaths

AbstractCOVID-19 related mortality has been understudied in Ukraine. As part of a World Bank project, we estimated excess mortality in Ukraine during 2020. Data on all deaths registered in government-controlled Ukraine from 2016-2020 (N=2,946,505) were utilized. We predicted deaths in 2020 by five-year age groups, sex, and month and calculated the number of deaths that deviated from expected levels (excess deaths). We compared excess deaths with the number of recorded COVID-19 deaths on death certificates and with published estimates for 30 European countries. We estimated 38,095 excess deaths in 2020 (6% of all deaths). Death rates were above expected levels in February and from June-December and lower in January and March-May. From June-December, we estimated 52,124 excess deaths with a peak in November (16,891 deaths). COVID-19 recorded deaths were approximately one-third of excess deaths in June-December (18,959 vs. 52,124). Higher than expected mortality was detected for all age groups 40-44 years and above and for those ages 0-4, 15-19, and 20-24. Ukraine’s excess mortality was about average compared to 30 other European countries. Excess deaths may be attributed directly to SARS-COV2 infection or indirectly to death causes associated with social and economic upheavals resulting in from the pandemic. Lower than expected mortality during the early part of 2020 is consistent with low influenza activity and reductions in deaths from restricted movement. Further studies are required to examine the causes of death that have contributed to positive excess mortality, particularly among younger aged groups.Key MessagesUkraine has experienced sizeable changes in its recent demography and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the country’s aggregate mortality patterns is understudiedBased on recent death trends, we found that Ukraine experienced lower than expected mortality during the early part of 2020 and consistently higher than expected mortality from June-December with peak levels occurring in NovemberPositive excess mortality was observed for all age groups beginning at ages 40-44 as well as some younger age groups.

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The ‘Modernisation’ of Scotland and its Impact on Glasgow, 1955–1979: ‘Unwanted Side Effects’ and Vulnerabilities

Scottish Affairs ◽

10.3366/scot.2016.0137 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 294-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Chik Collins ◽

Ian Levitt

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Government Policy ◽

Regional Policy ◽

Excess Mortality ◽

Policy Agenda ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Uk Government ◽

1960S And 1970S ◽

The 1960S ◽

The Impact

This article reports findings of research into the far-reaching plan to ‘modernise’ the Scottish economy, which emerged from the mid-late 1950s and was formally adopted by government in the early 1960s. It shows the growing awareness amongst policy-makers from the mid-1960s as to the profoundly deleterious effects the implementation of the plan was having on Glasgow. By 1971 these effects were understood to be substantial with likely severe consequences for the future. Nonetheless, there was no proportionate adjustment to the regional policy which was creating these understood ‘unwanted’ outcomes, even when such was proposed by the Secretary of State for Scotland. After presenting these findings, the paper offers some consideration as to their relevance to the task of accounting for Glasgow's ‘excess mortality’. It is suggested that regional policy can be seen to have contributed to the accumulation of ‘vulnerabilities’, particularly in Glasgow but also more widely in Scotland, during the 1960s and 1970s, and that the impact of the post-1979 UK government policy agenda on these vulnerabilities is likely to have been salient in the increase in ‘excess mortality’ evident in subsequent years.

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Simultaneous Casualty Admissions—Do they Affect Treatment in the Receiving Trauma Center?

World Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00268-021-06074-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michel Paul Johan Teuben ◽

Carsten Mand ◽

Laura Moosdorf ◽

Kai Sprengel ◽

Alba Shehu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Injury Severity ◽

Damage Control ◽

Ct Scanning ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Trauma Centers ◽

Simultaneous Treatment ◽

Diagnostic Pathway ◽

Injured Patients ◽

The Impact ◽

Mean Time

Abstract Background Simultaneous trauma admissions expose medical professionals to increased workload. The impact of simultaneous trauma admissions on hospital allocation, therapy, and outcome is currently unclear. We hypothesized that multiple admission-scenarios impact the diagnostic pathway and outcome. Methods The TraumaRegister DGU® was utilized. Patients admitted between 2002–2015 with an ISS ≥ 9, treated with ATLS®- algorithms were included. Group ´IND´ included individual admissions, two individuals that were admitted within 60 min of each other were selected for group ´MULT´. Patients admitted within 10 min were considered as simultaneous (´SIM´) admissions. We compared patient and trauma characteristics, treatment, and outcomes between both groups. Results 132,382 admissions were included, and 4,462/3.4% MULTiple admissions were found. The SIM-group contained 1,686/1.3% patients. The overall median injury severity score was 17 and a mean age of 48 years was found. MULT patients were more frequently admitted to level-one trauma centers (68%) than individual trauma admissions were (58%, p < 0.001). Mean time to CT-scanning (24 vs. 26/28 min) was longer in MULT / SIM patients compared to individual admissions. No differences in utilization of damage control principles were seen. Moreover, mortality rates did not differ between the groups (13.1% in regular admissions and 11.4%/10,6% in MULT/SIM patients). Conclusion This study demonstrates that simultaneous treatment of injured patients is rare. Individuals treated in parallel with other patients were more often admitted to level-one trauma centers compared with individual patients. Although diagnostics take longer, treatment principles and mortality are equal in individual admissions and simultaneously admitted patients. More studies are required to optimize health care under these conditions.

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The Impact of Bushfire Smoke on Cattle—A Review

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030848 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 848

Author(s):

Benjamin Eid ◽

David Beggs ◽

Peter Mansell

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Airborne Particulate Matter ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Airborne Particulate ◽

Primary Mechanism ◽

Background Mortality ◽

Fire Front ◽

The Impact

In 2019–2020, a particularly bad bushfire season in Australia resulted in cattle being exposed to prolonged periods of smoke haze and reduced air quality. Bushfire smoke contains many harmful pollutants, and impacts on regions far from the fire front, with smoke haze persisting for weeks. Particulate matter (PM) is one of the major components of bushfire smoke known to have a negative impact on human health. However, little has been reported about the potential effects that bushfire smoke has on cattle exposed to smoke haze for extended periods. We explored the current literature to investigate evidence for likely effects on cattle from prolonged exposure to smoke generated from bushfires in Australia. We conducted a search for papers related to the impacts of smoke on cattle. Initial searching returned no relevant articles through either CAB Direct or PubMed databases, whilst Google Scholar provided a small number of results. The search was then expanded to look at two sub-questions: the type of pollution that is found in bushfire smoke, and the reported effects of both humans and cattle being exposed to these types of pollutants. The primary mechanism for damage due to bushfire smoke is due to small airborne particulate matter (PM). Although evidence demonstrates that PM from bushfire smoke has a measurable impact on both human mortality and cardiorespiratory morbidities, there is little evidence regarding the impact of chronic bushfire smoke exposure in cattle. We hypothesize that cattle are not severely affected by chronic exposure to smoke haze, as evidenced by the lack of reports. This may be because cattle do not tend to suffer from the co-morbidities that, in the human population, seem to be made worse by smoke and pollution. Further, small changes to background mortality rates or transient morbidity may also go unreported.

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Mortality Associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Northeastern Italy, 2008–2020: A Multiple Cause of Death Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7249

Author(s):

Alessandro Marcon ◽

Elena Schievano ◽

Ugo Fedeli

Keyword(s):

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

Northeastern Italy ◽

Mortality Ratio ◽

The Impact ◽

Related Mortality

Mortality from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is increasing in most European countries, but there are no data for Italy. We analysed the registry data from a region in northeastern Italy to assess the trends in IPF-related mortality during 2008–2019, to compare results of underlying vs. multiple cause of death analyses, and to describe the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. We identified IPF (ICD-10 code J84.1) among the causes of death registered in 557,932 certificates in the Veneto region. We assessed time trends in annual age-standardized mortality rates by gender and age (40–74, 75–84, and ≥85 years). IPF was the underlying cause of 1310 deaths in the 2251 certificates mentioning IPF. For all age groups combined, the age-standardized mortality rate from IPF identified as the underlying cause of death was close to the European median (males and females: 3.1 and 1.3 per 100,000/year, respectively). During 2008–2019, mortality rates increased in men aged ≥85 years (annual percent change of 6.5%, 95% CI: 2.0, 11.2%), but not among women or for the younger age groups. A 72% excess of IPF-related deaths was registered in March–April 2020 (mortality ratio 1.72, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.24). IPF mortality was increasing among older men in northeastern Italy. The burden of IPF was heavier than assessed by routine statistics, since less than two out of three IPF-related deaths were directly attributed to this condition. COVID-19 was accompanied by a remarkable increase in IPF-related mortality.

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Outcomes for Children and Adolescents With Cancer: Challenges for the Twenty-First Century

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.27.0421 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (15) ◽

pp. 2625-2634 ◽

Cited By ~ 593

Author(s):

Malcolm A. Smith ◽

Nita L. Seibel ◽

Sean F. Altekruse ◽

Lynn A.G. Ries ◽

Danielle L. Melbert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Childhood Cancer ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Childhood Cancers ◽

Essential Information ◽

The Impact

Purpose This report provides an overview of current childhood cancer statistics to facilitate analysis of the impact of past research discoveries on outcome and provide essential information for prioritizing future research directions. Methods Incidence and survival data for childhood cancers came from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 (SEER 9) registries, and mortality data were based on deaths in the United States that were reported by states to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by underlying cause. Results Childhood cancer incidence rates increased significantly from 1975 through 2006, with increasing rates for acute lymphoblastic leukemia being most notable. Childhood cancer mortality rates declined by more than 50% between 1975 and 2006. For leukemias and lymphomas, significantly decreasing mortality rates were observed throughout the 32-year period, though the rate of decline slowed somewhat after 1998. For remaining childhood cancers, significantly decreasing mortality rates were observed from 1975 to 1996, with stable rates from 1996 through 2006. Increased survival rates were observed for all categories of childhood cancers studied, with the extent and temporal pace of the increases varying by diagnosis. Conclusion When 1975 age-specific death rates for children are used as a baseline, approximately 38,000 childhood malignant cancer deaths were averted in the United States from 1975 through 2006 as a result of more effective treatments identified and applied during this period. Continued success in reducing childhood cancer mortality will require new treatment paradigms building on an increased understanding of the molecular processes that promote growth and survival of specific childhood cancers.

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