Assessment of energy expenditure in elite jockeys during simulated race riding and a working day: implications for making weight

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Wilson ◽  
S. Andy Sparks ◽  
Barry Drust ◽  
James P. Morton ◽  
Graeme L. Close
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Dietary Strategies ◽  
Mental Well Being

Professional jockeys are unique amongst weight-making athletes in that they are required to make weight on a daily basis by often using potentially hazardous methods, such as food deprivation, dehydration, and forced vomiting. To allow the prescription of accurate energy intake (EI), it is essential to understand the energy requirements of jockeys; however, these data are currently not known. Therefore, we measured the energy expenditure (EE) of professional jockeys during a simulated race ride and for a working day (nonracing) that involved typical stable duties. The accuracy of 2 portable lightweight devices, the Polar RS400 commercial heart rate monitor (CHRM) and the Actiheart monitor (AH) were initially assessed during 30 min of exercise compared with respiratory gas analysis (GA) (n = 9). No significant difference was observed (p > 0.05) and 95% limits of agreement analysis (LoA) showed that CHRM was more closely related to GA (bias: –0.015; LoA: –0.049, +0.019 MJ) than AH (bias: –0.007; LoA: –0.073, +0.059 MJ). A laboratory-based 2-mile (3.2-km) racing protocol was created and EE was assessed using CHRM, GA, and AH. We report that a typical race expends 0.18 (SD ±0.03) MJ. Finally, in a separate group of jockeys (n = 8), 24-h EE was assessed using CHRM. The mean (±SD) EE for a typical day was 11.26 (±1.49) MJ. Additionally, we measured EI using 7-day self-reporting food record diaries. Mean EI was 7.24 (±0.92) MJ, largely consumed as 2 main meals. These data provide a platform to implement dietary strategies that create appropriate weight-loss targets and therefore improve the physical and mental well-being of professional jockeys.

How Czecho-Slovakia Bounces Back: Population-Based Validation of the Brief Resilience Scale in Two Central European Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110296
Author(s):  
Jana Furstova ◽  
Natalia Kascakova ◽  
Iva Polackova Solcova ◽  
Jozef Hasto ◽  
Peter Tavel
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Best Fit

Objective In recent years, resilience has become a focus of research in the medical and behavioral sciences. The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) was developed to assess the individual ability to recover from stress (“to bounce back”) after experiencing adversities. The aim of the study was to validate the Czech and Slovak versions of the BRS. Methods A representative sample of the Czech and Slovak populations (NCZ = 1800, mean age MCZ = 46.6, SDCZ = 17.4, 48.7% of men; NSK = 1018, mean age MSK = 46.2, SDSK = 16.6, 48.7% men) completed a survey assessing their health and well-being. Several confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models of the BRS were compared to find the best fit. Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients of reliability were evaluated. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating resilience (BRS), physical and mental well-being (SF-8) and psychopathology symptoms (BSI-53). Differences in gender and age groups were appraised. Results A single-factor model with method effects on the reverse items was evaluated to best fit the data in both the Czech and Slovak samples (χ2CZ(6) = 39.0, p < 0.001, CFICZ = 0.998, TLICZ = 0.995, RMSEACZ = 0.055, SRMRCZ = 0.024; χ2SK(6) = 23.9, p < 0.001, CFISK = 0.998, TLISK = 0.995, RMSEASK = 0.054, SRMRSK = 0.009). The reliability was high in both samples (αCZ = 0.80, ωCZ = 0.85; αSK = 0.86, ωSK = 0.91). The BRS was positively associated with physical and mental well-being and negatively associated with somatization, depression and anxiety. In both countries, a lower BRS score was associated with higher age. Czech men reported significantly higher BRS scores than women. No significant difference was found in the mean BRS scores between the two countries. Conclusion This study provides evidence of good psychometric properties, reliability and validity of the Czech and Slovak adaptations of the BRS.

scholarly journals Examination of mental well-being levels of individuals who are studying at university and who are receiving compulsory physical education according to different variables

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 214-225
Author(s):  
Ünal Türkçapar ◽  
Yavuz Yasul
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Screening Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Binary Group ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Group Comparisons

The aim of this research is to investigate the mental well-being levels of individuals who are educated in university preparatory classes according to different variables. In the research, a descriptive screening model has been used. The study group consists of male and female participants in preparatory classes at Kyrgyzstan Turkey Manas University in the 2019-2020 academic year. To evaluate the Mental Well-Being level, "Personal Information Form" prepared by the researcher and the data of the research, "Mental Well-Being Scale", a scale -original name being "Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale" -developed by Tennant and his fellows (2007) adapted to Turkish by Keldal (2015) was used. Independent Samples T Test for frequency distributions, normality analyses and binary group comparisons, and one way ANOVA test for more than two group comparisons were conducted to provide descriptive information about the participants. As a result, there has been no significant difference in the answers given to questions such as gender, age and division variables, number of close friends, who help you the most when you encounter a problem, which sport branch you are engaged in, who encouraged you to exercise, how long you spend on your daily workouts, and specify some of your reasons to exercise. However, it has been determined that there is a meaningful difference in the answers given to the question of how long you have been playing this sport.

scholarly journals Impact of Pre-Transplantation Psychological Counseling in Improving the Mental Well-Being of Patients on Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianyun Zhao ◽  
Sen Zhang ◽  
Ran Yu
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological Counseling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mental Well Being

Background: Patients who are on hemodialysis (HD) and are waiting for kidney transplantation encounter various psychological issues.Objective: The current research aimed to compare the effectiveness of regular nursing care with that of nursing care coupled with dedicated psychological counseling in patients who were on HD before they underwent kidney transplantation.Methods: Baseline data were collected 1 month before kidney transplantation in patients of both the control (patients who received general nursing care between August 2011 and June 2015) and intervention (patients who received nursing care and psychological counseling between June 2015 and July 2018) groups. The Mental Status Scale in Non-Psychiatric Settings (MSSNS) was administered to assess and record the psychological status. Clinicodemographic and end-stage renal disease (ESRD)-related details, including duration of dialysis, causes for ESRD, the number of dialysis sessions performed before transplantation, and MSSNS scores, were recorded and compared between the groups.Results: A total of 37 patients were enrolled, including 19 in the control group and 18 in the intervention group. The number of dialysis sessions performed before transplantation was 143 (26, 564) and 227.5 (39, 767), and dialysis duration was 20.4 ± 14.5 and 14.4 ± 12.1 months in the intervention and control groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in baseline negative emotions between the two groups (P &gt; 0.05). The psychological intervention group reported significantly lower anxiety, depression, anger, and loneliness scores than the control group (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: Psychological counseling before kidney transplantation in patients on HD could reduce their negative emotions and enhance mental well-being.

Mental wellbeing in people with dementia following Cognitive Stimulation Therapy: Innovative practice

Dementia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Allward ◽  
Rosie Dunn ◽  
Gemma Forshaw ◽  
Chris Rewston ◽  
Nicola Wass
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation Therapy ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
General Wellbeing

The benefits of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy in supporting cognitive functioning for people with dementia are well recognised. It has been proposed that Cognitive Stimulation Therapy may offer additional benefits in terms of a person’s sense of general wellbeing. A service evaluation of 60 participants attending Cognitive Stimulation Therapy groups was conducted using the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Although this evaluation did not demonstrate a significant difference between pre- and post-treatment scores (t = −1.75, df = −59, p = −0.085), there was a trend in participants’ reported optimism about the future and confidence. Recommendations about future research in relation to mental wellbeing in dementia care are discussed.

scholarly journals DO DAILY STEP COUNTS DURING THE PANDEMIC AFFECT THE BODY COMPOSITION AND MENTAL WELL-BEING OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazlı Yanar ◽  
Melek Güler
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Waist Hip Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aims to determine whether the number of daily steps is effective in the body composition and mental well-being of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research group of the study consisted of 40 volunteer students studying at the Faculty of Sport Sciences by being randomly assigned to the experimental (n:20) and control (n:20) groups. The research is in the experimental model with a pre-test/post-test control group. As a data collection tool in the study, the 'Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale' was used to determine the personal information form and mental well-being. The obtained data were analysed in the Jamovi 1.8.2 statistical software program with a 95% reliability interval and 5% margin of error. In the analysis of the data, percentage (%), frequency (f), and mean (x̄) values were used in the descriptive data, Paired Samples t-test was used in the pre-test/post-test comparison, and Multinomial Regression analysis was used in the relational analysis. According to the findings of the study, 75% of the students in the experimental group and 70% of the students in the control group were in the normal weight class according to the body mass index classification. According to waist-hip ratio classification, 85% of the experimental group and 70% of the control group were in the group that did not have cardiovascular disease risk. After two months of application, the daily average number of steps of the experimental group (12.5751898.1) and the daily average number of steps of the control group were determined as (5381.272026.2). While there was a statistically significant difference in the pre-test/post-test body mass index averages of the experimental group who were asked to take at least 10,000 steps per day (p0.05), although there was an increase in the mean waist-hip ratio and mental well-being, there was no statistically significant difference (p0.05). It was determined that the step average had a statistically significant effect on the experimental group according to the body mass index classification (p0.05). As a result, while taking at least 10,000 steps per day was effective in the body mass index of the students, it was not so in the waist-hip ratio and mental well-being. In this context, physical activity, and especially walking, can be recommended at the point of protecting health. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0881/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Students’ Identity and Mental Well-Being Among Muslims and Christians in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-278
Author(s):  
Sadia Shaukat ◽  
Nadia Ayub ◽  
Amina Hanif Tarar
Keyword(s):  
Christian Schools ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Mental Well Being

The identity, belongingness to the larger society as well as mental well-being of minorities in Pakistan may have suffered as a result of recent social and political attacks on Christians. The present study was aimed at finding and comparing various aspects of identity (i.e., personal, social, relational, and collective) and mental well-being among adolescents from the majority (Muslims) and minority (Christian) religious groups of Lahore district in Pakistan. The study hypothesized that adolescents of religious minorities would have a lower level of sense of aspects of identity than their dominant counterparts. The sample comprised of 414 male and female students (Muslim = 225, Christian =189) with an age range from 13 to 18years, drawn from two Muslim and two Christian schools. Data was collected using the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (Cheek & Briggs, 2013), and Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (Tennant et al., 2007). Results indicated a significant difference in the level of awareness of aspects of identity as well as well-being between majority and minority adolescents. Furthermore, within the majority group, there was also a significant gender difference in social identity and mental well-being with Muslim boys scoring higher than Muslim girls on these variables. Implications of the study are discussed.

Exploratory study on the effectiveness of learning one dance step per day in the workplace to improve subjective physical and mental well-being

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Vincent ◽  
Lesley Kuliukas ◽  
Ravani Duggan
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Mental Well Being

Results from the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 questionnaires taken before and after a 4-week intervention consisting of learning a new dance step every working day.

Personalised Dietary Plans And Health Effects On Astronauts In Extra-Terrestrial Habitats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Chappuis ◽  
Charlotte Pouwels ◽  
Michaela Musilova ◽  
Bernard Foing
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Fibre ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Mental Well Being

&lt;p&gt;Astronaut nutrition is an important aspect to consider for extra-terrestrial missions. It encompasses microbiological risks for humans, individual nutritional needs and the social well-being of astronauts. During a two-week analogue astronaut mission to the Moon, research focusing on the dietary needs and health of each crew member was performed. A crew of six analog astronauts, from the EuroMoonMars IMA HI-SEAS II (EMMIHS-II) mission followed a pre-prepared personal menu based on their intolerances and daily activities.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first things that needed to be considered was the sanitary aspect of the missions, as it severely limits food choices. Fresh foods that are consumed on Earth are microbiologically fragile and occupy an important conservation space air. In order to ensure food safety and optimize storage space, the only food taken on the EMMIHS-II mission was freezedried.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Prior to the mission, the food rations and distribution amongst crewmembers was determined according to the average nutritional and calorific needs of the group. To maintain a basal metabolism, a balanced nutrition is required. A healthy and sufficient food intake is of high importance, particularly due to the regular physical activity each crewmember performs during Extra Vehicular Activities (EVAs) that the crew performed daily.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It was not possible to determine the actual amount of energy consumed on a daily basis during this mission for logistical reasons. It was also not possible to weigh out the food for each individual crewmember, as it would have taken up too much of the mission time. In the future, portions could be determined in terms of &amp;#8220;cup sizes&amp;#8221; per person, as this would be the most realistic measure for the preparation of freeze-dried food.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, various digestive problems have been identified throughout this mission. Possible explanations for these issues could be a too abrupt change of eating habits including the lack of consumption of fresh fruits, fresh vegetables and the lack of fiber-rich cereals. In order to avoid this on future missions, the next strategy could be to first estimate the dietary intake of vegetable fibre for each individual before the mission start, in order to individually adapt the fruit and vegetable ration recommendations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A diverse distribution of culinary recipes is also recommended for the preparation of future missions, in order to improve the taste of the meals for the crew. Taste is an important part of the pleasure of eating and as a result, it heavily influences the intake of food. This inevitably has an effect on the physical and mental well-being of the crew.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, the social and psychological aspect of food plays an important role in the mental well-being of the astronauts. In this context, it was found that the food preparation and meal-sharing moments enabled the team to strengthen their social ties, which was in favour of their fulfilment. However, on the other hand, pleasure from eating and each crewmembers&amp;#8217; appetite did often not correspond to this. Hence, it was found that the freezedried food did not contribute to the emotional wellbeing of the astronauts.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Is any job better than no job? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sian Price ◽  
Hannah Shaw ◽  
Fiona Morgan ◽  
Rocio Rodriguez-Lopez ◽  
Kirsty Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Better Than

Objectives This systematic review addresses the question Is any job better than no job? Specifically, it compares health and well-being outcomes in those who are unemployed with those who are in jobs that could be considered poor or low quality and the impact of any movement between them. Method We conducted a systematic review following a PROSPERO-registered protocol (CRD42020182794). Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, HMIC, ASSIA, TRIP, Google Scholar and 10 websites were searched in April 2020 and again in May 2021 without date limits. Two reviewers working independently screened search results against the inclusion/exclusion criteria. A checklist for quantitative studies reporting correlations was used to critically appraise articles included at full text. We undertook synthesis without meta-analysis (narrative synthesis) and explored a range of variables (for example, study design and quality, type of outcome measure) that we considered might have an impact on the association between exposure and outcome. Results We included 25 studies reported in 30 journal articles. All 25 studies involved secondary analysis of data from national cohorts, including six from the UK. The most frequent outcomes reported were measures of mental well-being. There was considerable heterogeneity across included studies in terms of design, population, definition of poor/bad or low quality job and outcome types and measures. Overall the quality of the included studies was moderate. The evidence base is inconsistent. There are studies that suggested either labour market position might be preferable, but a number of studies found no statistically significant difference. Cohort and case-control studies looking at mental well-being outcomes showed some support for a poor job being better than unemployment. However, we did not find sufficient numbers of well-designed studies showing a strong association to support a causal relationship. Most included study designs were unable to distinguish whether changes in employment status occurred before a change in outcome. Three studies looking at employment transitions found that moving to a poor job from unemployment was not associated with improved mental health, but moving from a poor job to unemployment was associated with a deterioration. Conclusion Evidence that better health and well-being outcomes are more likely to be associated with a poor/bad or low quality job than with unemployment is inconsistent. Studies conducted in the UK suggest that a poor job is not significantly associated with better health and well-being outcomes than unemployment. The studies we identified do not allow us to distinguish whether this lack of association is the result of a state welfare regime preventing some of the worst ills associated with unemployment, or a reflection of job quality. The evidence base has significant limitations in study design and conduct. In summary, the evidence we found suggests it is not safe to assume that, in the UK, any job will lead to better health and well-being outcomes than unemployment.

scholarly journals Snapshot of stress and anxiety related to COVID-19 among health care professionals of central India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3531
Author(s):  
Ujwala Ukey ◽  
Sarita Sharma ◽  
Pragati Rathod ◽  
Sonali Patil ◽  
Uday Narlawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Central India ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Role Reversal ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Mental Well Being

Background: Health care professionals are particularly vulnerable to emotional distress in the COVID-19 pandemic, due to risk of exposure to the virus, concern about infecting and caring for their loved ones, longer work hours, and involvement in emotionally and ethically fraught resource allocation decisions. The sudden role reversal from healthcare provider to the confirmed or suspected patient potentially leads to a sense of frustration. During the COVID-19 battle the doctors and nurses in India are handling increased infection risk, paucity of protective gear, and assault.Methods: An online questionnaire based cross sectional study was conducted among health care professionals in a tertiary health care setting in central India.  Proforma had questions on impact of COVID 19, mental well being, stress and anxiety.Results: Of the 237 study participants, 182 had moderate and 25 had high stress. Anxiety was present in 46%. There was a significant difference in stress (χ2=11.22, p<0.001) and anxiety (χ2=6.6712, p=0.009) in study participants <40 years and ≥40 years age. Multivariate logistic regression showed significant role of sleep and appetite disturbances. Positive correlation was established between perceived stress and anxiety (R=0.713).Conclusions: A state of good mental well-being despite the presence of stress and anxiety simultaneously indicates.

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