A passenger strand variant in miR-196a2 contributes to asthma severity in children and adolescents: A preliminary study

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Hussein ◽  
Eman A. Toraih ◽  
Nagwa M. Aly ◽  
Eman Riad ◽  
Manal S. Fawzy
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Target Prediction ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Nocturnal Asthma ◽  
Passenger Strand ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Rs11614913 Polymorphism

There is emerging evidence to support the role of microRNAs in allergic airway diseases and inflammation. Genetic variants in microRNA genes might affect microRNA-mediated cell regulation. This preliminary study was designed to investigate the association of the microRNA-196a2 rs11614913 (C/T) polymorphism with susceptibility to asthma and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents. Genotyping of rs11614913 polymorphism was determined in 96 patients with bronchial asthma (6–18 years of age) and 96 unrelated controls, using real-time polymerase chain reaction technology. In-silico target prediction and network core analyses were performed. The asthmatics did not show significant differences in genotype distribution (p = 0.609) and allele frequencies (p = 0.428) compared with the controls. There were also no associations with disease duration, age at onset, asthma phenotype, asthma control, therapeutic level, airway hyper-responsiveness, or biochemical parameters in the blood. However, the CC genotype was associated with a more severe degree of asthma (p = 0. 023) and higher frequency of nocturnal asthma (p = 0.002). Carriers for CC were 17 times more likely to develop nocturnal asthma, and had a more than 2.5-fold increased risk for poor disease outcome compared with CT and TT individuals. In conclusion, microRNA-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism might be associated with asthma severity in our sample of the Egyptian population. Further investigations in studies with a larger sample size and functional tests are needed to validate our findings and to explore the detailed biological mechanisms.

scholarly journals Prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in children and adolescents with asthma

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigho Pelisson Guergolette ◽  
Cássia Cilene Dezan ◽  
Wanda Terezinha Garbelini Frossard ◽  
Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade Ferreira ◽  
Alcindo Cerci Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Enamel Defects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Developmental Defects Of Enamel

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel (DDEs) in relation to asthma severity, symptom onset and pharmacological treatment in pediatric asthma patients. METHODS: Children and adolescents (68 asthma patients and 68 controls), 5-15 years of age and residents of the city of Londrina, Brazil, were enrolled in the study. Medical and dental histories were collected through the use of a structured questionnaire. Each participant underwent a dental examination in which the examiner employed the DDE index. RESULTS: Of the 68 asthma group subjects, 61 (89.7%) presented dental enamel defects, compared with only 26 (38.2%) of those in the control group. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we estimated the risk of DDEs in permanent dentition to be 11 times higher in pediatric subjects with asthma than in those without (OR = 11.88, p = 0.0001). The occurrence of dental enamel defects correlated with greater asthma severity (p = 0.0001) and earlier symptom onset (p = 0.0001). However, dental enamel defects did not correlate with the initiation of treatment (p = 0.08) or the frequency of medication use (p = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients with severe, early-onset asthma are at increased risk of dental enamel defects and therefore require priority dental care.

Contraception and thrombophilia

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rott ◽  
A. Kruempel ◽  
G. Kappert ◽  
U. Nowak-Göttl ◽  
S. Halimeh
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coagulation Proteins

SummaryThe risk of thromboembolic events (TE) is increased by acquired or inherited thrombo -philias (IT). We know that some hormonal contraceptives also increase the risk of thrombosis, thus, the use of such contraceptives are discussed as contraindications in women with IT. TEs are infrequent events in children and adolescents and in the majority of cases are associated with secondary complications from underlying chronic illness. Although adolescents are not typically considered to be at high-risk for TE, this cohort is frequently using hormonal contraception, leading to an increased risk in cases with unknown IT. The risk of TE with pregnancy alone is higher than associated with combined hormonal contra -ception. Progestin-only methods have not been found to increase the risk of TE with only moderate changes of coagulation proteins compared to normal reference values. Conclusion: Thrombophilic women are good candidates for progestin-only contraceptive methods.

Analysis of the Potential Association of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes CYP2C9*3 and CYP2C19*3 Gene Variations With Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 1152-1160
Author(s):  
Imadeldin Elfaki ◽  
Rashid Mir ◽  
Faisel Mohammed Abu-Duhier ◽  
Chandan Kumar Jha ◽  
Adel Ibrahim Ahmad Al-Alawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Antiplatelet Drug ◽  
Drug Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Populations

Background:: Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are drug-metabolizing enzymes catalyzing the metabolism of about 75% of drug in clinical use. CYP2C9 represents 20% CYP proteins in liver cells and is a crucial member of CYPs superfamily. CYP2C19 metabolizes very important drugs such as antiulcer drug omeprazole, the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel and anticonvulsant mephenytoin. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP genes have been associated with unexpected drug reactions and diseases in different populations. Objective:: We examined the associations of CYP2C9*3 (rs1057910) and CYP2C19*3 (rs4986893) with T2D in Saudi population. Methods:: We used the allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) and DNA sequencing in 111 cases and 104 controls for rs1057910, and in 119 cases and 110 controls for rs4986893. Results:: It is indicated that the genotype distribution of rs1057910 in cases and controls were not significantly different (P=0.0001). The genotypes of rs1057910 were not associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (P>0.05). Whereas the genotype distribution of rs4986893 in cases and controls was significantly different (P=0.049). The AA genotype of rs4986893 may be associated in increased risk to T2D with OR=17.25 (2.06-143.8), RR=6.14(0.96-39.20), P=0.008. Conclusion:: The CYP2C9*3 (rs1057910) may not be associated with T2D, while CYP2C19*3 (rs4986893) is probably associated with T2D. These findings need to be validated in follow-up studies with larger sample sizes and different populations.

Preliminary Study on the Mechanism of Carvacrol Regulating Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Network Pharmacology

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1286-1295
Author(s):  
Sha Li ◽  
Haixia Zhao ◽  
Lidao Bao
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Target Prediction ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Literature Mining ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Prediction Server ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Alignment Analysis ◽  
Endogenous Interactions

Objective: To predict and analyze the target of anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in the active constituents of Safflower by using network pharmacology. Methods: The active compounds of safflower were collected by TCMSP, TCM-PTD database and literature mining methods. The targets of active compounds were predicted by Swiss Target Prediction server, and the target of anti-HCC drugs was collected by DisGeNET database. The target was subjected to an alignment analysis to screen out Carvacrol, a target of safflower against HCC. The mouse HCC model was established and treated with Carvacrol. The anti-HCC target DAPK1 and PPP2R2A were verified by Western blot and co-immunoprecipitation. Results: A total of 21 safflower active ingredients were predicted. Carvacrol was identified as a possible active ingredient according to the five principles of drug-like medicine. According to Carvacrol's possible targets and possible targets of HCC, three co-targets were identified, including cancer- related are DAPK1 and PPP2R2A. After 20 weeks of Carvacrol treated, Carvacrol group significantly increased on DAPK1 levels and decreased PPP2R2A levels in the model mice by Western blot. Immunoprecipitation confirmed the endogenous interaction between DAPK1 and PPP2R2A. Conclusion: Safflower can regulate the development of HCC through its active component Carvacrol, which can affect the expression of DAPK1 and PPP2R2A proteins, and the endogenous interactions of DAPK1 and PPP2R2A proteins.

scholarly journals Free Sugars Consumption in Canada

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1471
Author(s):  
Huma Rana ◽  
Marie-Claude Mallet ◽  
Alejandro Gonzalez ◽  
Marie-France Verreault ◽  
Sylvie St-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Baked Products

Free sugars (FS) are associated with a higher risk of dental decay in children and an increased risk of weight gain, overweight and obesity and type 2 diabetes. For this reason, Canada’s Food Guide recommends limiting foods and beverages that contribute to excess free sugars consumption. Estimating FS intakes is needed to inform policies and interventions aimed at reducing Canadians’ consumption of FS. The objective of this study was to estimate FS intake of Canadians using a new method that estimated the free sugars content of foods in the Canadian Nutrient File, the database used in national nutrition surveys. We define FS as sugars present in food products in which the structure has been broken down. We found that 12% of total energy (about 56 g) comes from FS in the diet of Canadians 1 year of age and older (≥1 year). The top four sources were: (1) sugars, syrups, preserves, confectionary, desserts; (2) soft drinks; (3) baked products and (4) juice (without added sugars), and accounted for 60% of total free sugars intake. The results show that efforts need to be sustained to help Canadians, particularly children and adolescents, to reduce their FS intake.

scholarly journals Perceived Social Status and Suicidal Ideation in Maltreated Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli L. Dickerson ◽  
Helen M. Milojevich ◽  
Jodi A. Quas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Perceived Social Status

AbstractRecent decades have seen an alarming increase in rates of suicide among young people, including children and adolescents (“youth”). Although child maltreatment constitutes a well-established risk factor for suicidal ideation in youth, few efforts have focused on identifying factors associated with maltreated youths’ increased risk for suicidal ideation, especially across development. The present study examined the relations between maltreated youths' (N = 279, M = 12.06 years, 52% female, 53% Latinx) perceptions of their social status and suicidal ideation and compared those relations between pre-adolescents and adolescents. Findings revealed unique developmental patterns: Perceived social status was associated with suicidal ideation, but only in adolescents, who showed greater risk for suicidal ideation if they viewed themselves as lower ranked in society and lower risk for suicidal ideation if they viewed themselves as higher ranked in society. Findings have implications for scientific and practical efforts aimed at better understanding and preventing suicide in a high-risk developmental population.

Correlates of childhood trauma in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder spectrum: A preliminary study

2019 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadwa Cazala ◽  
Isabelle E. Bauer ◽  
Thomas D. Meyer ◽  
Danielle E. Spiker ◽  
Iram F. Kazimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Preliminary Study

scholarly journals Family violence against children in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic: a review of current perspectives and risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemí Pereda ◽  
Diego A. Díaz-Faes
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
The People ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vulnerable Families ◽  
The Social ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The situation of crisis produced by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic poses major challenges to societies all over the world. While efforts to contain the virus are vital to protect global health, these same efforts are exposing children and adolescents to an increased risk of family violence. Various criminological theories explain the causes of this new danger. The social isolation required by the measures taken in the different countries, the impact on jobs, the economic instability, high levels of tension and fear of the virus, and new forms of relationships have all increased levels of stress in the most vulnerable families and, therefore, the risk of violence. In addition, mandatory lockdowns imposed to curb the spread of the disease have trapped children in their homes, isolating them from the people and the resources that could help them. In general, the restrictive measures imposed in many countries have not been accompanied by an analysis of the access to the resources needed to reduce this risk. It is necessary to take urgent measures to intervene in these high-risk contexts so that children and adolescents can develop and prosper in a society which is likely to undergo profound changes, but in which the defense of their rights and protection must remain a major priority.

scholarly journals Amygdala activation in maltreated children during pre-attentive emotional processing

2013 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamon J. McCrory ◽  
Stéphane A. De Brito ◽  
Philip A. Kelly ◽  
Geoffrey Bird ◽  
Catherine L. Sebastian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
Amygdala Activation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Right

BackgroundChildhood adversity is associated with significantly increased risk of psychiatric disorder. To date, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of children have mainly focused on institutionalisation and investigated conscious processing of affect.AimsTo investigate neural response to pre-attentively presented affect cues in a community sample of children with documented experiences of maltreatment in the home.MethodA masked dot-probe paradigm involving pre-attentive presentation of angry, happy and neutral facial expressions was employed. Eighteen maltreated children were compared with 23 carefully matched non-maltreated peers.ResultsIncreased neural response was observed in the right amygdala for pre-attentively presented angry and happy faces in maltreated v. non-maltreated children. Level of amygdala activation was negatively associated with age at onset for several abuse subtypes.ConclusionsMaltreatment is associated with heightened neural response to positive and negative facial affect, even to stimuli outside awareness. This may represent a latent neural risk factor for future psychiatric disorder.

Systemic inflammatory response and increased risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia: A preliminary study

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1691-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Ramírez ◽  
Miquel Ferrer ◽  
Ricardo Gimeno ◽  
Sergi Tormo ◽  
Mauricio Valencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Preliminary Study
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