Evaluating stability of anisotropically deposited soil slopes

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhu ◽  
L.M. Zhang ◽  
T. Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Friction Angle ◽  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Soil Fabric ◽  
Independent Case ◽  
Anisotropic Soil ◽  
Unfavorable Condition ◽  
Spatially Varying

Natural soils often exhibit an anisotropic fabric pattern as a result of soil deposition, weathering or filling. This study aims to investigate the effects of spatially variable anisotropic soil fabric in a slope on its safety factor and failure mechanisms, and to identify the critical fabric orientation that is most unfavorable to the slope stability. The strength properties of colluvium (i.e., cohesion and friction angle) are modeled as random fields under two conditions (i.e., independent and negatively correlated). The study reveals that there exists a critical fabric orientation at 30° at which the mean factor of safety is the lowest and the probability of failure is the highest. The negative cross-correlation between soil shear strength properties leads to a significantly lower probability of failure, compared to the independent case. The highest proportion of deep failure mechanism is also identified at the same fabric orientation of 30°. The identified critical fabric orientation is gentler than the slope inclination. This study suggests that the conventional understanding that stratification parallel to the slope surface appears to be the most unfavorable condition leading to the lowest safety level does not hold for spatially varying soils.

scholarly journals Metamodel-Based Slope Reliability Analysis—Case of Spatially Variable Soils Considering a Rotated Anisotropy

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Xiangfeng Guo ◽  
Julien Baroth ◽  
Daniel Dias
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Sparse Polynomial ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Sensitivity Indices ◽  
Anisotropic Soil ◽  
Autocorrelation Length

A rotation of the anisotropic soil fabric pattern is commonly observed in natural slopes with a tilted stratification. This study investigates the rotated anisotropy effects on slope reliability considering spatially varied soils. Karhunen–Loève expansion is used to generate the random fields of the soil shear strength properties (i.e., cohesion and friction angle). The presented probabilistic analyses are based on a meta-model combining Sparse Polynomial Chaos Expansion (SPCE) and Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA). This method allows the number of involved random variables to be reduced and then the computational efficiency to be improved. Two kinds of deterministic models, namely a discretization kinematic approach and a finite element limit analysis, are considered. A variety of valuable results (i.e., failure probability, probability density function, statistical moments of model response, and sensitivity indices of input variables) can be effectively provided. Moreover, the influences of the rotated anisotropy, autocorrelation length, coefficient of variation and cross-correlation between the cohesion and friction angle on the probabilistic analysis results are discussed. The rotation of the anisotropic soil stratification has a significant effect on the slope stability, particularly for the cases with large values of autocorrelation length, coefficient of variation, and cross-correlation coefficient.

General concept of determining the parameters of non-mining walls of ultra-deep diamond deposits development open pits

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
I. V. Zyryanov ◽  
A. N. Akishev ◽  
I. B. Bokiy ◽  
N. M. Sherstyuk
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Structural Relaxation ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Relaxation Coefficient

A specific feature of open pit mining of diamond deposits in Western Yakutia is the construction of the open pits in the zone of negative ambient temperatures, which includes thick permafrost rock mass, and which is at the same time complicated by the influence of cryogenic processes on deformation of pit wall benches. The paper presents the comparative analysis of strength characteristics in frozen and thawed rocks, stability of benches during mining, the general geomechanical approach to the determination of parameters of non-mining walls of the ultra-deep open pit diamond mines, and the parameters of nonmining walls and benches. Optimization of open pit wall configuration should primarily be based on the maximum utilization of the strength properties of frozen rocks in combination with the development of new approaches, calculation schemes and methods for assessing stability of open pit walls and benches of unconventional design, including the non-mining vertical benches. The main design characteristic that determines the parameters of open pit walls is the structural tectonic relaxation coefficient, which specifies the calculated value of cohesion in rock mass. For the diamond deposits, the values of the structural relaxation coefficient were obtained in a series of field tests and back calculations. Full-scale tests were carried out both during exploration operations in underground mines and in open pits. The accuracy of determining the values of the structural relaxation coefficient in the range of 0.085–0.11 is confirmed by the parameters of non-mining walls in an open pit mine 385–640 m deep, with overall slope angles of 38–55° and a steeper H 0.35–0.5 lower part having the slope angle of up to 70° with average strength characteristics of 7.85–11.84 MPa and the internal friction angle of 28.1–37.4°. Using the natural load-bearing capacity of rock mass to the full advantage, which the values of the structural relaxation coefficient of deposits show, allows optimization of open pit wall slope design and minimization of stripping operations.

scholarly journals AN INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECTS OF MICRO-PARAMETERS ON THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF ROCK

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Behzad Jafari Mohammadabadi ◽  
Kourosh Shahriar ◽  
Hossein Jalalifar ◽  
Kaveh Ahangari
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Critical Stress ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Brazilian Tensile Strength ◽  
The Relationship

Rocks are formed from particles and the interaction between those particles controls the behaviour of a rock’s mechanical properties. Since it is very important to conduct extensive studies about the relationship between the micro-parameters and macro-parameters of rock, this paper investigates the effects of some micro-parameters on strength properties and the behaviour of cracks in rock. This is carried out by using numerical simulation of an extensive series of Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) and Brazilian Tensile Strength (BTS) tests. The micro-parameters included the particles’ contact modulus, the contact stiff ness ratio, bond cohesion, bond tensile strength, the friction coefficient and the friction angle, and the mechanical properties of chromite rock have been considered as base values of the investigation. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the most important micro-parameters on the behaviour of rock in the compressive state are bond cohesion, bond tensile strength, and the friction coefficient. Also, the bond tensile strength showed the largest effect under tensile conditions. The micro-parameter of bond tensile strength increased the rock tensile strength (up to 5 times), minimized destructive cracks and increased the corresponding strain (almost 2.5 times) during critical stress.

Reliability of Buried Pipeline Using a Theory of Probability of Failure

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ouk Sub Lee ◽  
Dong Hyeok Kim ◽  
Seon Soon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Failure Probability ◽  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Reliability Estimation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Buried Pipeline ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reliability Method ◽  
Corrosion Defects

The reliability estimation of buried pipeline with corrosion defects is presented. The reliability of corroded pipeline has been estimated by using a theory of probability of failure. And the reliability has been analyzed in accordance with a target safety level. The probability of failure is calculated using the FORM (first order reliability method). The changes in probability of failure corresponding to three corrosion models and eight failure pressure models are systematically investigated in detail. It is highly suggested that the plant designer should select appropriate operating conditions and design parameters and analyze the reliability of buried pipeline with corrosion defects according to the probability of failure and a required target safety level. The normalized margin is defined and estimated accordingly. Furthermore, the normalized margin is used to predict the failure probability using the fitting lines between failure probability and normalized margin.

scholarly journals Determining the Shear Strength and Permeability of Soils for Engineering of New Paddy Field Construction in a Hilly Mountainous Region of Southwestern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1555
Author(s):  
Zhen Han ◽  
Jiangwen Li ◽  
Pengfei Gao ◽  
Bangwei Huang ◽  
Jiupai Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Mountainous Region

As a constructed wetland ecosystem, paddy field plays an irreplaceable role in flood storage and detention, groundwater replenishment, environmental protection, and ecological balance maintenance. New paddy field construction can give full play to the production and ecological functions of paddy field and can adjust the development structure of the agricultural industry effectively. The soil properties of shear strength and permeability, which provide a theoretical basis for engineering design, construction, and post-operation, are important indexes in the site selection of new paddy field. The shear strength and permeability properties of soils from different land use types (vegetable field, gentle slope dryland, corn field, grapery, and abandoned dryland) for engineering new paddy field construction were investigated in this study. The results showed that the soil water content had a significant effect on the soil shear strength, internal friction angle, and cohesion. The total pressure required for soil destruction decreased with increasing water content under the same vertical pressure, resulting in easier destruction of soils. The internal friction angle decreased with increasing soil water content, and the soil cohesion first increased and then decreased with increasing soil water content. Considering that paddy fields were flooded for a long time, the soil strength properties had certain water sensitivity. Effective measures must be taken to reduce the change in soil water content, so as to ensure the stability of the embankment foundation, roadside ditch foundation, and cutting slope. In addition, the influence of changing soil water content on the strength properties of paddy soils should be fully considered in engineering design and construction, and the soil bulk density at the plough pan should reach at least 1.5 g cm−3 or more to ensure better water retention and the anti-seepage function of paddy field. The study can provide construction technology for engineering new paddy field construction in a hilly mountainous region of southwestern China.

scholarly journals Shear Mechanical Behaviours and Multistrength Parameter Characteristics of Fault Gouge

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Bao ◽  
Qun Qi ◽  
Hengxing Lan ◽  
Changgen Yan ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Normal Stress ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Residual Strength ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Fault Gouge ◽  
Normal Stresses ◽  
Fault Gouges

Fault gouge has special mechanical properties and remarkable engineering effects. Using a ring shear test, the strength properties of the differently colored remolded fault gouges of the Shendaogou Fault in Yan’an were studied by changing moisture contents and normal stresses. Chlorite and illite are the main clay minerals in fault gouges; differences in mineral composition make fault gouges appear in different colors. Besides clay minerals, the dried fault gouges disintegration in water is also due to the transformation of gypsum. The gradation of green fault gouge and multicolor fault gouge is better than that of the red fault gouge, while the fault gouges’ strain softening properties become weaker as the coarse grain content increases. Affected by water content and normal stress, the shear planes can be divided into three failure modes: peeling failure, grooved failure, and sliding failure. With the increase of water content, there will be a significant weakening on cohesion and friction angle. A new parameter, the “Normal Stress Threshold (NST),” is introduced as a critical value for the emergence of the strain hardening phenomenon, and the NSTs of different fault gouges are significantly different. The functions obtained from the relation of residual strength, peak strength, and normal stress can be used to calculate shear strength parameters under any normal stresses. In addition, the residual strength of fault gouge is obviously different from clay and loess, which can be qualitatively explained by clay particle contents.

Influence of cross correlation between soil parameters on probability of failure of simple cohesive and c-ϕ slopes

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Javankhoshdel ◽  
Richard J. Bathurst
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Design Charts ◽  
Soil Slopes ◽  
Cross Correlations

This paper focuses on the calculation of probability of failure of simple unreinforced slopes and the influence of the magnitude of cross correlation between soil parameters on numerical outcomes. A general closed-form solution for cohesive slopes with cross correlation between cohesion and unit weight was investigated and results compared with cases without cross correlation. Negative cross correlations between cohesion and friction angle and positive cross correlations between cohesion and unit weight, and friction angle and unit weight were considered in the current study. The factors of safety and probabilities of failure for the slopes with uncorrelated soil properties were obtained using probabilistic slope stability design charts previously reported by the writers. Results for cohesive soil slopes and positive cross correlation between cohesion and unit weight are shown to decrease probability of failure. Probability of failure also decreased for increasing negative cross correlation between cohesion and friction angle, and increasing positive correlation between cohesion and unit weight, and friction angle and unit weight. Probabilistic slope stability design charts presented by the writers in an earlier publication are extended to include cohesive-frictional (c-[Formula: see text]) soil slopes with and without cross correlation between soil input parameters. An important outcome of the work presented here is that cross correlation between random values of soil properties can reduce the probability of failure for simple slope cases. Hence, previous probabilistic design charts by the writers for simple soil slopes with uncorrelated soil properties are conservative (safe) for design. This study also provides one explanation why slope stability analyses using uncorrelated soil properties can predict unreasonably high probabilities of failure when conventional estimates of factor of safety suggest a stable slope.

Intercropping Sorghum with Cowpea in Dryland Farming Systems in Botswana. II. Comparative Stability of Alternative Cropping Systems

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. F. Lightfoot ◽  
K. B. G. Dear ◽  
R. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Environmental Index ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Dryland Farming ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
Comparative Stability

SUMMARYThe comparative stability of sorghum–cowpea intercropping and monocropping was assessed by determination of variances, regression against an environmental index, and probability of failure to achieve minimum levels of gross income. Significant differences between the cropping systems were not detected in any of the assessments though intercropping did have a lower probability of failure at the income levels for which risk was more than minimal. The failure of intercropping to show clearly greater stability in this study in which the environmental conditions were harsh provides a conflict with the conventional view.

scholarly journals KAJIAN PENGARUH MATERIAL PROPERTIS DOMAIN BATUAN DASAR TERHADAP KESTABILAN LERENG PADA NIKEL LATERIT DI SITE POMALAA , SULAWESI TENGGARA, PT ANTAM Tbk

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 453-462
Author(s):  
Mutiara Andini ◽  
Niki Rahma Rizkita ◽  
Pherto Rimos ◽  
Febri E. Prihasto ◽  
Ahmad R. Trilaksana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Safety Factor ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Proper Material

ABSTRAK Untuk mendukung kegiatan operasional penambangan, perlu dilakukan pembuatan kajian geoteknik yang bertujuan sebagai rencana awal desain lereng tambang maupun mengevaluasi kestabilan lereng pada saat kegiatan penambangan berlangsung. Untuk pembuatan kajian geoteknik di Site Pomalaa, dilakukan pengambilan 15 sampel untuk masing-masing domain (Hazburgit, Dunit, Serpentinit dan Peridotit) yang dibagi menjadi 5 sampel limonit, 5 sample saprolit dan 5 sampel bedrock. Selanjutnya, sampel tersebut dilakukan pengujian di laboratorium untuk mendapatakan nilai material properties. Material propertis limonit pada setiap domain  memiliki rentang nilai kohesi 31,22 kN/m2- 40,49 kN/m2, sudut geser dalam 31,30o-37,36o, berat jenis basah 11,56 kN/m2-12,89 kN/m2, UCS 0,11Mpa – 0,59 Mpa.Sedangkan nilai material propertis pada saprolit memiliki rentang nilai kohesi 31,22 kN/m2-39,18 kN/m2, sudut geser dalam 34,71o-39,11o, berat jenis basah 10,86 kN/m2-13,52 kN/m2, UCS 0,19Mpa – 0,29 MPa. Material propertis tersebut selanjutnya digunakan sebagai parameter dalam melakukan analisis kestabilan lereng dengan mengeluarkan nilai faktor keamanan (FK) dan probability of failure (PoF). Pada kajian ini dilakukan simulasi dengan 4 pendekatan : (a) Pertama, menganalisis lereng dengan domain geologi tunggal, (b)Kedua, menganalisis lereng dengan menggabungkan 2 domain geologi yang berbeda, (c) Ketiga, menganalisis lereng dengan menggabungkan 3 domain geologi yang berbeda, (d) Menganalisis lereng dengan menggabungkan 4 domain geologi yang berbeda. Hasil simulasi dengan menggunakan 4 pendekatan tersebut menunjukkan nilai rata-rata FK limonit secara berturut sebesar 1.72, 1.71,1.73, dan 1.73 . Sedangkan nilai FK saprolit secara berturut sebesar 1.74, 1.78 , 1.75 dan  1.74. Rata-rata probability of failure pada simulasi ini dibawah 1%. Dari hasil simulasi dapat dilihat bahwa nilai faktor keamanan dari hasil simulasi beberapa material menunjukkan nilai yang konsisten, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa nilai material propertis nikel laterit pada batuan dasar yang berbeda cenderung sama (homogen), oleh karena itu pengambilan sampel geoteknik di site pomalaa tidak sensitif terhadap domain batuan. Key words: Domain Batuan Dasar, Kohesi, Sudut Geser Dalam, Berat Jenis Basah, UCS, Faktor Keamanan, Probability of Failure.  ABSTRACT Concerning mining operations activities, geotechnical analysis should be carried out with the aim of planning the initial design of slope and evaluating the stability of the slope during mining activities. For making geotechnical studies at the Pomalaa Site, 15 samples were taken for each domain (Hazburgit, Dunit, Serpentinit and Peridotit) which were allocated into 5 samples for limonite, 5 samples for saprolite and 5 samples for bedrock. Furthermore, the sample is tested in a laboratory to obtain the value of material properties. Limonite property material in each domain has a range of cohesion values of 31.22 kN / m2-40.49 kN / m2, friction angle at 31.30o-37.36o, wet density 11.56 kN / m2-12.89 kN / m2, UCS 0.11Mpa - 0.59 Mpa. While the value of proper material in saprolite has a range of cohesion values of 31.22 kN / m2-39.18 kN / m2, shear angle in 34.71o-39.11o, wet specific gravity 10.86 kN / m2-13.52 kN / m2, UCS 0.19Mpa - 0.29 Mpa. The property material is then used as a parameter input to obtain slope stability analysis by issuing factor of safety (FK) and probability of failure (PoF) values ). In this case a simulation was conducted to 4 approaches: (a) First, analyzing slopes with a single geological domain, (b) Second, analyzing slopes by combining 2 different geological domains, (c) Third, analyzing slopes by combining 3 different geological domains , (d) Analyze slopes by combining 4 different geological domains. The simulation results using the 4 approaches show the average value of FK limonite which are 1.72, 1.71.1.73, and 1.73 respectively. While FK saprolite values were 1.74, 1.78, 1.75 and 1.74 respectively. The average probability of failure in this simulation is below 1%. From the simulation results it can be seen that the value of the safety factor from the simulation results of several materials shows a consistent value, so it can be said that the material value of laterite nickel properties in different bedrock tends to be the same (homogeneous), therefore geotechnical sampling at the Pomalaa site is not sensitive to the rock domain. Key words: Host Rock Domain, Cohesion, Friction angle, Wet Specific Gravity, UCS, Safety Factor, Probability of Failure.

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