Transcriptional analysis of different mulberry cultivars in response to Ralstonia solanacearum

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanwei Dai ◽  
Zhenjiang Wang ◽  
Guoqing Luo ◽  
Cuiming Tang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Sequencing Technique ◽  
Transcriptional Changes

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a major disease of the mulberry (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.), resulting in severe yield and quality losses. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of resistance. Using the RNA sequencing technique, we identified early transcriptional changes in resistant (KQ10 and YS283) and susceptible (YSD10) mulberry cultivars in response to R. solanacearum infection. We observed that 798 genes were differentially and specifically regulated in both resistant cultivars but not in the susceptible cultivar after infection with R. solanacearum, including 502 upregulated and 296 downregulated genes. Among the differentially expressed genes, 31 encode transcription factors and 48 encode protein kinases. Interestingly, we found that a large number of genes (61) associated with cell-wall modification were differentially and specifically regulated in the resistant cultivars. These genes could be divided into 10 major groups. The largest group is the glucosyltransferase family, followed by the pectinesterase inhibitor, glucanase, and glycoprotein families, suggesting that cell-wall modifications may play an important role in resistance levels in mulberry. This transcriptional analysis paves the way for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the resistance response to R. solanacearum in mulberry.

scholarly journals Transcriptome and metabolome profiling provide insights into molecular mechanism of pseudostem elongation in banana

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiming Deng ◽  
Fangcheng Bi ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Weidi He ◽  
Chunyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Dwarf Cultivar ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Metabolome Profiling

AbstractBackgroundBanana plant height is an important trait for horticultural practices and semi-dwarf cultivars show better resistance to damages by wind and rain. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling the pseudostem height remain poorly understood. Herein, we studied the molecular changes in the pseudostem of a semi-dwarf banana mutant Aifen No. 1 (Musaspp. Pisang Awak sub-group ABB) as compared to its wild-type dwarf cultivar using a combined transcriptome and metabolome approach.ResultsA total of 127 differentially expressed genes and 48 differentially accumulated metabolites were detected between the mutant and its wild type. Metabolites belonging to amino acid and its derivatives, flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, organic acids, and phenolic acids were up-regulated in the mutant. The transcriptome analysis showed the differential regulation of genes related to the gibberellin pathway, auxin transport, cell elongation, and cell wall modification. Based on the regulation of gibberellin and associated pathway-related genes, we discussed the involvement of gibberellins in pseudostem elongation in the mutant banana. Genes and metabolites associated with cell wall were explored and their involvement in cell extension is discussed.ConclusionsThe results suggest that gibberellins and associated pathways are possibly developing the observed semi-dwarf pseudostem phenotype together with cell elongation and cell wall modification. The findings increase the understanding of the mechanisms underlying banana stem height and provide new clues for further dissection of specific gene functions.

scholarly journals Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris) Guard Cells Responses to Salinity Stress: A Proteomic Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2331
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rasouli ◽  
Ali Kiani-Pouya ◽  
Leiting Li ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Zhonghua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Lipid Transfer Protein ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Ascorbate Oxidase ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Inorganic Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Cell Wall Modification

Soil salinity is a major environmental constraint affecting crop growth and threatening global food security. Plants adapt to salinity by optimizing the performance of stomata. Stomata are formed by two guard cells (GCs) that are morphologically and functionally distinct from the other leaf cells. These microscopic sphincters inserted into the wax-covered epidermis of the shoot balance CO2 intake for photosynthetic carbon gain and concomitant water loss. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying stomatal function under saline conditions, we used proteomics approach to study isolated GCs from the salt-tolerant sugar beet species. Of the 2088 proteins identified in sugar beet GCs, 82 were differentially regulated by salt treatment. According to bioinformatics analysis (GO enrichment analysis and protein classification), these proteins were involved in lipid metabolism, cell wall modification, ATP biosynthesis, and signaling. Among the significant differentially abundant proteins, several proteins classified as “stress proteins” were upregulated, including non-specific lipid transfer protein, chaperone proteins, heat shock proteins, inorganic pyrophosphatase 2, responsible for energized vacuole membrane for ion transportation. Moreover, several antioxidant enzymes (peroxide, superoxidase dismutase) were highly upregulated. Furthermore, cell wall proteins detected in GCs provided some evidence that GC walls were more flexible in response to salt stress. Proteins such as L-ascorbate oxidase that were constitutively high under both control and high salinity conditions may contribute to the ability of sugar beet GCs to adapt to salinity by mitigating salinity-induced oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal soybean plantlets upon infection with Fusarium virguliforme, one causal agent of sudden death syndrome

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Marquez ◽  
M. L. Giachero ◽  
A. Gallou ◽  
H. J. Debat ◽  
S. Declerck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Transcriptional Changes

ABSTRACTSoilborne pathogens represent a threat to agriculture causing important yield losses. The “Sudden Death Syndrome” (SDS), a severe disease in soybean is caused by a complex of Fusarium species. This pathosystem has been widely investigated and several strategies were proposed to manage SDS. Although a decrease in symptoms and in the level of root tissue infection particularly by F. virguliforme was observed in presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), biological control based on AMF has received less attention. Here we report the results, under strict in vitro culture experimental conditions, a transcriptional analysis in mycorrhizal versus non-mycorrhizal soybean plantlets upon infection by F. virguliforme. An important transcriptional reprogramming was detected following infection by the pathogen. Results revealed 1768 and 967 differentially expressed genes in the AMF-colonized (+AMF+Fv) and non-colonized (−AMF+Fv) plants, respectively. Major transcriptional changes, corresponded to defence response related genes belonging to secondary metabolism, stress and signalling categories. The +AMF+Fv treatment showed the largest number of upregulated genes related to defence, as those encoding for disease resistance proteins, WRKY transcription factors, auxins, receptors kinases, and proteases. Only few genes had primed expression in +AMF+Fv treatment, as those coding for a thaumatin-like protein (TLP) and a pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) protein. Moreover, +AMF+Fv showed a significant number of downregulated genes related to cell wall modification and peroxidases than – AMF+Fv treatment. This detailed insight increases our knowledge on the transcriptional changes and the potential metabolic pathways involved in the enhanced resistance/tolerance of mycorrhizal plants upon infection with F. virguliforme.

scholarly journals Long-Lasting Primed State in Maize Plants: Salicylic Acid and Steroid Signaling Pathways as Key Players in the Early Activation of Immune Responses in Silks

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina B Agostini ◽  
Agustina Postigo ◽  
Sebastian P. Rius ◽  
Gabriel E. Rech ◽  
Valeria A. Campos-Bermudez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Maize Plants

In the present study, we investigated the induced systemic resistance (ISR) activated by the beneficial fungus Trichoderma atroviride in maize plants, and the early immunological responses triggered after challenge with the ear rot pathogen Fusarium verticillioides. By transcriptional analysis, we were able to identify the gene core set specifically modulated in silks of maize plants expressing ISR. Our results showed that the main transcriptional reprogramming falls into genes involved in five main functional categories: cell structure or cell wall, amino acid and protein metabolism, stress responses, signaling, and transport. Among these ISR-related genes, it is important to highlight novel findings regarding hormone metabolism and signaling. The expression of hormone-dependent genes was in good agreement with the abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid (SA) levels detected in the plants under study. The experimental design allowed the identification of novel regulatory elements related to a heightened state of defense in silks and suggests that steroids and SA are central components of a master regulatory network controlling the immunity of silks during ISR. The results presented also provide evidence about the molecular mechanisms used by maize silks against F. verticillioides to counteract pathogenic development and host invasion, including pathogenesis-related genes, plant cell-wall reinforcement, fungal cell-wall-degrading enzymes and secondary metabolism.

scholarly journals Nostoc punctiforme uses the Common Symbiosis Pathway to colonize endophytically Oryza sativa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consolación Álvarez ◽  
Manuel Brenes-Álvarez ◽  
Fernando Publio Molina-Heredia ◽  
Vicente Mariscal
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Nostoc Punctiforme ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
The Common ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Symbiosis between cyanobacteria and plants is considered pivotal for biological nitrogen deposition in terrestrial ecosystems. Despite extensive knowledge of the ecology of plant-cyanobacterium symbioses, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in recognition between partners. Here, we conducted a quantitative sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) pipeline to analyse protein changes in Oryza sativa and Nostoc punctiforme during early events of symbiosis. In O. sativa, differentially expressed proteins were linked to several biological functions, including signal transduction, defence-related proteins, flavonoid biosynthesis, and cell wall modification. N. punctiforme displayed increases in expression of proteins involved in signal transduction and cell wall remodelling, including 11 Nod-like proteins, thus revealing a Nod-dependent signalling mechanism. We also found impaired symbiosis in a N. punctiforme nodB mutant and in O. sativa sym mutants in the common symbiosis signalling pathway by confocal microscopy. Our findings reveal signalling pathways activated in the early stages of the N. punctiforme-O. sativa symbiosis. They involve the common symbiosis signalling pathway as occur as in other plant-microbe symbioses. This information may have long-term implications for sustainably improving agriculture through a greater understanding of the symbiotic process.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Mechanisms Implicated in Pinus pinaster Resistance to Pinewood Nematode

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Modesto ◽  
Lieven Sterck ◽  
Vicent Arbona ◽  
Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas ◽  
Isabel Carrasquinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Acetyl Bromide ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Disease Impact ◽  
Cell Wall Reinforcement

Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the plant–parasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has become a severe environmental problem in the Iberian Peninsula with devastating effects in Pinus pinaster forests. Despite the high levels of this species' susceptibility, previous studies reported heritable resistance in P. pinaster trees. Understanding the basis of this resistance can be of extreme relevance for future programs aiming at reducing the disease impact on P. pinaster forests. In this study, we highlighted the mechanisms possibly involved in P. pinaster resistance to PWD, by comparing the transcriptional changes between resistant and susceptible plants after infection. Our analysis revealed a higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in resistant plants (1,916) when compared with susceptible plants (1,226). Resistance to PWN is mediated by the induction of the jasmonic acid (JA) defense pathway, secondary metabolism pathways, lignin synthesis, oxidative stress response genes, and resistance genes. Quantification of the acetyl bromide-soluble lignin confirmed a significant increase of cell wall lignification of stem tissues around the inoculation zone in resistant plants. In addition to less lignified cell walls, susceptibility to the pine wood nematode seems associated with the activation of the salicylic acid (SA) defense pathway at 72 hpi, as revealed by the higher SA levels in the tissues of susceptible plants. Cell wall reinforcement and hormone signaling mechanisms seem therefore essential for a resistance response.

scholarly journals Dual RNA Sequencing of Vitis vinifera during Lasiodiplodia theobromae Infection Unveils Host–Pathogen Interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micael Gonçalves ◽  
Rui Nunes ◽  
Laurentijn Tilleman ◽  
Yves Van de Peer ◽  
Dieter Deforce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances

Lasiodiplodia theobromae is one of the most aggressive agents of the grapevine trunk disease Botryosphaeria dieback. Through a dual RNA-sequencing approach, this study aimed to give a broader perspective on the infection strategy deployed by L. theobromae, while understanding grapevine response. Approximately 0.05% and 90% of the reads were mapped to the genomes of L. theobromae and Vitis vinifera, respectively. Over 2500 genes were significantly differentially expressed in infected plants after 10 dpi, many of which are involved in the inducible defense mechanisms of grapevines. Gene expression analysis showed changes in the fungal metabolism of phenolic compounds, carbohydrate metabolism, transmembrane transport, and toxin synthesis. These functions are related to the pathogenicity mechanisms involved in plant cell wall degradation and fungal defense against antimicrobial substances produced by the host. Genes encoding for the degradation of plant phenylpropanoid precursors were up-regulated, suggesting that the fungus could evade the host defense response using the phenylpropanoid pathway. The up-regulation of many distinct components of the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants supports this hypothesis. Moreover, genes related to phytoalexin biosynthesis, hormone metabolism, cell wall modification enzymes, and pathogenesis-related proteins seem to be involved in the host responses observed. This study provides additional insights into the molecular mechanisms of L. theobromae and V. vinifera interactions.

scholarly journals Early events of the endophytic symbiotic between Oryza sativa and Nostoc punctiforme involve the SYM pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consolación Álvarez ◽  
Manuel Brenes-Álvarez ◽  
Fernando P. Molina-Heredia ◽  
Vicente Mariscal
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Nostoc Punctiforme ◽  
Differential Protein Expression ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

AbstractSymbiosis between cyanobacteria and plants is considered pivotal for biological nitrogen deposition in terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the large knowledge in the ecology of plant-cyanobacteria symbioses, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between partners. A SWATH-mass spectrometry has been used to analyse, at the same time, the differential proteome of Oryza sativa and Nostoc punctiforme during the first events of the symbiosis. N. punctiforme activates the expression of thousands of proteins involved in signal transduction and cell wall remodelling, as well as 11 Nod-like proteins that might be involved in the synthesis of cyanobacterial-specific Nod factors. In O. sativa the differential protein expression was connected to a plethora of biological functions including signal transduction, defense-related proteins, biosynthesis of flavonoids and cell wall modification. N. punctiforme symbiotic inspection of O. sativa mutants in the SYM pathway reveals the involvement of this ancestral symbiotic pathway in the symbiosis between the cyanobacterium and the plant.

scholarly journals Involvement of the Cell Wall Integrity Pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Protection against Cadmium and Arsenate Stresses

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Todsapol Techo ◽  
Sirada Charoenpuntaweesin ◽  
Choowong Auesukaree
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Contamination of soil and water with heavy metals and metalloids is a serious environmental problem. Cadmium and arsenic are major environmental contaminants that pose a serious threat to human health. Although toxicities of cadmium and arsenic to living organisms have been extensively studied, the molecular mechanisms of cellular responses to cadmium and arsenic remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway is involved in coping with cell wall stresses induced by cadmium and arsenate through its role in the regulation of cell wall modification. Interestingly, the Rlm1p and SBF (Swi4p-Swi6p) complex transcription factors of the CWI pathway were shown to be specifically required for tolerance to cadmium and arsenate, respectively. Furthermore, we found the PIR2 gene, encoding cell wall O-mannosylated heat shock protein, whose expression is under the control of the CWI pathway, is important for maintaining cell wall integrity during cadmium and arsenate stresses. In addition, our results revealed that the CWI pathway is involved in modulating the expression of genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and cell cycle control in response to cadmium and arsenate via distinct sets of transcriptional regulators. IMPORTANCE Environmental pollution by metal/metalloids such as cadmium and arsenic has become a serious problem in many countries, especially in developing countries. This study shows that in the yeast S. cerevisiae, the CWI pathway plays a protective role against cadmium and arsenate through the upregulation of genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and cell cycle control, possibly in order to modulate cell wall reconstruction and cell cycle phase transition, respectively. These data provide insights into molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive responses to cadmium and arsenate.

scholarly journals Overexpression of Rice Expansin7 (Osexpa7) Confers Enhanced Tolerance to Salt Stress in Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuluuntsetseg Jadamba ◽  
Kiyoon Kang ◽  
Nam-Chon Paek ◽  
Soo In Lee ◽  
Soo-Cheul Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Cell Wall Modification

Expansins are key regulators of cell-wall extension and are also involved in the abiotic stress response. In this study, we evaluated the function of OsEXPA7 involved in salt stress tolerance. Phenotypic analysis showed that OsEXPA7 overexpression remarkably enhanced tolerance to salt stress. OsEXPA7 was highly expressed in the shoot apical meristem, root, and the leaf sheath. Promoter activity of OsEXPA7:GUS was mainly observed in vascular tissues of roots and leaves. Morphological analysis revealed structural alterations in the root and leaf vasculature of OsEXPA7 overexpressing (OX) lines. OsEXPA7 overexpression resulted in decreased sodium ion (Na+) and accumulated potassium ion (K+) in the leaves and roots. Under salt stress, higher antioxidant activity was also observed in the OsEXPA7-OX lines, as indicated by lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and increased antioxidant activity, when compared with the wild-type (WT) plants. In addition, transcriptional analysis using RNA-seq and RT-PCR revealed that genes involved in cation exchange, auxin signaling, cell-wall modification, and transcription were differentially expressed between the OX and WT lines. Notably, salt overly sensitive 1, which is a sodium transporter, was highly upregulated in the OX lines. These results suggest that OsEXPA7 plays an important role in increasing salt stress tolerance by coordinating sodium transport, ROS scavenging, and cell-wall loosening.

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