Metabolically healthy obesity: Is there a link with PUFA intake and status?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Arsic ◽  
Marija Takic ◽  
Milica Kojadinovic ◽  
Snjezana Petrovic ◽  
Marija Paunovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Plasma Phospholipids ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Erythrocyte Phospholipids ◽  
Dietary Modifications

The aim of this study was to compare dietary intake and status of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids metabolically healthy-and unhealthy, obese and non-obese persons. Metabolic health status in 171 participants was defined according to criteria for metabolic syndrome. Obese and non-obese metabolically unhealthy persons (MUHO and MUHNO) had higher energy intake of n-6 PUFA (7.82±1.03 and 7.49±0.86), and lower intake of n-3 PUFA (0.60±0.12 and 0.62±0.11) compared to obese and non-obese metabolically healthy persons (MHO and MHNO) (5.92±0.63 and 5.72±0.67; 1.20±0.07 and 1.22±0.09, respectively), and higher n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio. Plasma level of n-6 PUFA was lower in MUHO and MUHNO groups (38.49±3.71 and 38.53±2.19) compared to MHNO (40.90±2.43), while n-3 PUFA status was lower in obese than in non-obese persons (3.58±0.79 and 3.50±1.02 vs 4.21± 0.80 and 4.06±1.15). MHO group had higher eicosapentaenoic/arachidonic acid ratio and estimated desaturase (SCD16, D6D) and elongase activity in plasma phospholipids compared to MHNO. Low intake of n-3 PUFA is directly associated with metabolic risk factors. These results indicated that obesity is closely associated with low levels of n-3 PUFA in plasma phospholipids, suggesting that dietary modifications including n-3 PUFA supplementation appear to be suitable therapeutic strategy in obese persons.

scholarly journals Modulation of Systemic and Aortic Nitric Oxide by Melatonin and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Isoproterenol Affected Spontaneously Hypertensive and Normotensive Wistar Rats

2016 ◽  
pp. S109-S118 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. CHAUDAGAR ◽  
C. VICZENCZOVA ◽  
B. SZEIFFOVA BACOVA ◽  
T. EGAN BENOVA ◽  
M. BARANCIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
No Release ◽  
Strain Dependent

We aimed to explore the effects of melatonin and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation on plasma and aortic nitric oxide (NO) levels in isoproterenol (Iso) affected spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar rats. Untreated control rats were compared with Iso injected (118 mg/kg, s.c.) rats, and Iso injected plus supplemented with melatonin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or PUFA (1.68 g/kg, p.o.) for two months. Plasma and aortic basal, L-NAME inhibited, adrenaline and acetylcholine stimulated NO were determined using Griess method. Plasma NO levels were lower in SHR versus Wistar rats. Iso decreased NO in Wistar while not in SHR. PUFA but not melatonin intake of Iso treated SHR increased plasma NO along with a decrease in systolic blood pressure. Basal aortic NO level was higher in SHR than Wistar rats and not altered by Iso. Intake of melatonin increased but PUFA decreased basal NO levels in Wistar+Iso and did not affect in SHR+Iso rats. Acetylcholine and adrenaline induced aortic NO release was significantly increased in Wistar+Iso but not SHR+Iso group. Melatonin intake increased Ach induced aortic NO in Wistar+Iso and SHR+Iso groups, whereas there was no effect of PUFA intake. Findings suggest that PUFA modulates plasma and melatonin aortic NO levels of isoproterenol affected rats in a strain-dependent manner.

Totally Vegetarian Diets and Infant Nutrition

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-586
Author(s):  
Eric D. Shinwell ◽  
Rafael Gorodischer
Keyword(s):  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Protein Calorie Malnutrition ◽  
Baby Clinic ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Dietary Modifications

Observations on the deleterious effects of a totally vegetarian diet in infancy are reported and the difficulties encountered in the prevention of nutritional deficiencies in a vegan religious community are discussed. Twenty-five infants of this community who were seen at the hospital showed evidence of protein-calorie malnutrition, iron- and vitamin B12-deficient anemia, rickets, zinc deficiency, and multiple recurrent infections. Evidence of growth retardation was also found in 47 infants seen at the local mother-child health (well-baby) clinic. Samples of breast milk showed low levels of carbohydrate (1.6 to 3.5 gm/100 ml), protein (0.8 to 1.4 gm/100 ml), and fat (2.4 to 4.1 gm/100 ml). The main constituent of the infants' diet after the age of 3 months ( a "soya milk" prepared at the community's central kitchen) was extremely dilute with a very low calorific value (13.7 kcal/100 ml). Persistent attempts to find dietary modifications that would satisfy both the vegan philosophy and also the recommended dietary allowances failed. This problem represents a scientific and medicosocial challenge to pediatricians and nutritionists.

scholarly journals CSIG-18. NERVE/GLIAL ANTIGEN (NG)2 EXPRESSION IN GLIOBLASTOMA IS REGULATED BY miR-29b-3p

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi47-vi48
Author(s):  
Beate Schmitt ◽  
Anne Boewe ◽  
Yuan Gu ◽  
Christoph Sippl ◽  
Steffi Urbschat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Glioblastoma Cell ◽  
Glioblastoma Cells ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Glioblastoma Patient ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Glioblastoma Cell Lines

Abstract Overexpression of NG2 in human glioblastoma cells is associated with an elevated drug resistance and thereby worsens clinical outcome. However, the regulatory mechanisms of NG2 expression are largely unknown. In this study, we identified miR-29b-3p as a posttranscriptional factor of NG2 expression. The basal mRNA levels of miR-29b-3p and NG2 were detected in the NG2-positive glioblastoma cell lines A1207 and U87 by qRT-PCR. The cells were transfected with miR-29b-3p-mimic or scrambled-miR (control) and the expression of NG2 was analyzed by qRT-PCR, flow cytometry and Western blot. Reporter gene analyses of the NG2 promotor region and 3’UTR were performed to study the effect of miR-29b-3p on NG2 expression. Finally, we analyzed the mRNA levels of NG2 and miR-29b-3p in samples from glioblastoma patients. We found that the two NG2-positive glioblastoma cell lines A1207 and U87 are positive for miR-29b-3p. Transfection with miR-29b-3p-mimic reduced NG2 mRNA levels in A1207 (29%±9.9; Mean±SD) and U87 (6%±2.8), resulting in a significantly decreased NG2 protein expression in A1207 (67%±6.4) and U87 (75%±4) when compared to controls. The analysis of the 3’UTR revealed that miR-29b-3p is a posttranscriptional regulator of NG2 expression. Moreover, miR-29b-3p affects the pretranscriptional NG2 expression by diminishing SP-1-dependent NG2 promotor activity. These results were confirmed by the analysis of glioblastoma patient-derived samples, demonstrating that a high NG2 expression is associated with low levels of miR-29b-3p. In conclusion, we identified miR-29b-3p as a crucial regulator of NG2 expression in glioblastoma. Hence, targeting NG2 expression by miR-29b-3p may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance in NG2-positive glioblastoma cells.

scholarly journals Essential Fatty Acids in the Fetal and Newborn Lamb

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Rajion ◽  
JG McLean ◽  
R NP Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Status ◽  
Newborn Lamb ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Fetal Lamb ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Long Chain

The concentrations of linoleic and linolenic acids and their metabolites in the liver, kidney, brain, erythrocytes and plasma of fetal lambs at various stages of gestation, and of newborn and 2-week-01d suckled lambs was determined. Throughout gestation the fetal tissues, erythrocytes and plasma all contained low levels of linoleic and linolenic acids together with consistently high levels of their long-chain polyunsaturated metabolites. The triene : tetraene (eicosa-5,8, 11-trienoic acid/arachidonic acid) ratio was always 0 . 4 or less except at birth when it reached 0 . 6 in liver and 0 . 9 in plasma. Milk intake significantly increased the linoleic and linolenic acid levels in the lamb by 2 weeks after birth. These results show that the developing fetal lamb should not be regarded as being deficient in essential fatty acids, as suggested by previous investigators. It is proposed that the total metabolites of linoleic and linolenic acids are the most appropriate measure of the essential fatty acid status of the fetal lamb.

scholarly journals Association betweenBDNFrs6265 and Obesity in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Yong Ma ◽  
Wei Qiao Qiu ◽  
Caren E. Smith ◽  
Laurence D. Parnell ◽  
Zong-Yong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Functional Variant

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been associated with regulation of body weight and appetite. The goal of this study was to examine the interactions of a functional variant (rs6265) in theBDNFgene with dietary intake for obesity traits in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.BDNFrs6265 was genotyped in 1147 Puerto Rican adults and examined for association with obesity-related traits. Men (n=242) with the GG genotype had higher BMI (P=0.009), waist circumference (P=0.002), hip (P=0.002), and weight (P=0.03) than GA or AA carriers (n=94). They had twice the risk of being overweight (BMI≥25) relative to GA or AA carriers (OR = 2.08, CI = 1.02–4.23, andP=0.043). Interactions between rs6265 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake were associated with BMI, hip, and weight, and n-3 : n-6 PUFA ratio with waist circumference in men. In contrast, women (n=595) with the GG genotype had significantly lower BMI (P=0.009), hip (P=0.029), and weight (P=0.027) than GA or AA carriers (n=216). Women with the GG genotype were 50% less likely to be overweight compared to GA or AA carriers (OR = 0.05, CI = 0.27–0.91, andP=0.024). In summary,BDNFrs6265 is differentially associated with obesity risk by sex and interacts with PUFA intake influencing obesity traits in Boston Puerto Rican men.

scholarly journals Association between Iron Intake and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: Significance of Iron Intake and the Ratio between Iron Intake and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3365
Author(s):  
Kyuho Kim ◽  
YoonJu Song ◽  
Tae Jung Oh ◽  
Sung Hee Choi ◽  
Hak Chul Jang
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Pufa Intake

We aimed to investigate the association of iron and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. This cross-sectional study included 147 individuals with type 2 diabetes. Dietary intake was assessed using three-day food records. DPN was diagnosed on the basis of a Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument—Physical Examination score ≥2.5. Adjusted for total energy intake, iron intake was significantly higher in individuals with DPN than in those without DPN (10.9 ± 4.0 mg vs. 9.9 ± 3.6 mg, p = 0.041). In addition, the iron/PUFA ratio was significantly higher in individuals with DPN (1.4 ± 0.8 vs. 1.1 ± 0.4, p = 0.005). Logistic regression analyses showed that iron intake (odds ratio (OR): 1.152; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.012, 1.311) and iron/PUFA ratio (OR: 2.283; 95% CI: 1.066, 4.887) were associated with DPN after adjustment for total energy intake, sex, age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diabetes duration, estimated glomerular filtration rate, glycated hemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and smoking. In conclusion, high dietary iron intake and an elevated iron/PUFA ratio were associated with the presence of DPN. The present study suggests the importance of the dietary pattern of iron and PUFA intake in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Fish Oil for Healthy Aging: Potential Application to Master Athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caoileann H. Murphy ◽  
Chris McGlory
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Master Athletes ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Clinical Literature ◽  
Oily Fish ◽  
Response To Exercise

AbstractMaster athletes perform high volumes of exercise training yet display lower levels of physical functioning and exercise performance when compared with younger athletes. Several reports in the clinical literature show that long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC n-3 PUFA) ingestion promotes skeletal muscle anabolism and strength in untrained older persons. There is also evidence that LC n-3 PUFA ingestion improves indices of muscle recovery following damaging exercise in younger persons. These findings suggest that LC n-3 PUFA intake could have an ergogenic effect in master athletes. However, the beneficial effect of LC n-3 PUFA intake on skeletal muscle in response to exercise training in both older and younger persons is inconsistent and, in some cases, generated from low-quality studies or those with a high risk of bias. Other factors such as the choice of placebo and health status of participants also confound interpretation of existing reports. As such, when considered on balance, the available evidence does not indicate that ingestion of LC n-3 PUFAs above current population recommendations (250–500 mg/day; 2 portions of oily fish per week) enhances exercise performance or recovery from exercise training in master athletes. Further work is now needed related to how the dose, duration, and co-ingestion of LC n-3 PUFAs with other nutrients such as amino acids impact the adaptive response to exercise training. This work should also consider how LC n-3 PUFA supplementation may differentially alter the lipid profile of cellular membranes of key regulatory sites such as the sarcolemma, mitochondria, and sarcoplasmic reticulum.

scholarly journals Effects of high-dose fish oil supplementation during early infancy on neurodevelopment and language: a randomised controlled trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 1443-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne J. Meldrum ◽  
Nina D'Vaz ◽  
Karen Simmer ◽  
Janet A. Dunstan ◽  
Kathryn Hird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Communicative Development ◽  
Significant Difference

n-3 Long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) intake during infancy is important for neurodevelopment; however, previous studies of n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation have been inconclusive possibly due to an insufficient dose and limited methods of assessment. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of direct supplementation with high-dose fish oil (FO) on infant neurodevelopmental outcomes and language. In the present randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 420 healthy term infants were assigned to receive a DHA-enriched FO supplement (containing at least 250 mg DHA/d and 60 mg EPA/d) or a placebo (olive oil) from birth to 6 months. Assessment occurred at 18 months via the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (3rd edition; BSID-III) and the Child Behavior Checklist. Language assessment occurred at 12 and 18 months via the Macarthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventory. The FO group had significantly higher erythrocyte DHA (P = 0·03) and plasma phospholipid DHA (P = 0·01) levels at 6 months of age relative to placebo. In a small subset analysis (about 40 % of the total population), children in the FO group had significantly higher percentile ranks of both later developing gestures at 12 and 18 months (P = 0·007; P = 0·002, respectively) and the total number of gestures (P = 0·023; P = 0·006, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups in the standard or composite scores of the BSID-III. The results suggest that improved postnatal n-3 LC-PUFA intake in the first 6 months of life using high-dose infant FO supplementation was not beneficial to global infant neurodevelopment. However, some indication of benefits to early communicative development was observed.

scholarly journals Dietary linoleic acid and the plasma phospholipids of the rabbit

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Moore ◽  
R. C. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Plasma Phospholipids ◽  
Lysophosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Palmitic Acid Content ◽  
Acid Ratio

1. Groups of rabbits were given diets containing different proportions of butterfat and maize oil. After the animals had been given the experimental diets for 40 weeks the plasma phospho- lipids were fractionated and the fatty acid composition of each fraction was determined.2. Phosphatidyl choline and lysophosphatidyl choline accounted for about 75 and 12% respectively of the total plasma phospholipids: phosphatidyl ethanolamine, sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl serine accounted for only about 5.3, 5.0 and 2.6% respectively. Changes in the linoleic acid content of the diet had little effect on the relative proportions of the individual plasma phospholipids, but there was an over-all decrease in the concentration of total phospholipids in the plasma as the linoleic acid content of the diet was increased from 0.25 to 10.6%.3. When the diet contained 0.25 % linoleic acid, the linoleic acid:oleic acid ratio in the phosphatidyl choline (1.3) was similar to that in the phosphatidyl ethanolamine (1.2), but as the linoleic acid content of the diet was increased to 10.6% the linoleic acid:oleic acid ratio in the phosphatidyl choline increased to 48, whereas that in the phosphatidyl ethanolamine increased only to 2.2. Increases in the linoleic acid content of the diet resulted also in increases in the linoleic acid:oleic acid ratios in the phosphatidyl serine, lysophosphatidyl choline and sp hingomyelin.4. When the linoleic acid content of the diet was increased, the stearic acid:palmitic acid ratio in the phosphatidyl choline increased, whereas it decreased in the phosphatidyl ethanol- amine and remained relatively unaltered in the phosphatidyl serine. The stearic acid contents of the lysophosphatidyl choline and sphingomyelin were unaltered by dietary treatments, but the palmitic acid content of these two phospholipids decreased as the linoleic acid content of the diet increased.5. The results are discussed in terms of the metabolic relationships that exist between the various phospholipids.

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