A GRAPHICAL STUDY OF THE BLOOD OF NORMAL FOXES

The fluctuations and trends of various cellular elements of normal fox blood are presented in graphical form. The graphs have been prepared from data obtained from a number of foxes of various ages and show the minimum, maximum and mean numbers of blood elements occurring in both males and females in each age group.The red blood cells, haemoglobin, and to a lesser extent the neutrophiles, on the one hand, have trends of a similar nature and appear to be related. On the other hand the total white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes and basophiles also appear to be closely related. A comprehensive picture of the field tends to divide the numbers of blood elements composing the blood of foxes into these two divisions.The trends and fluctuations, for the same age groups, of the total white blood cells and lymphocytes are almost identical. The monocytes and basophiles also show close similarity. A close similarity in general trend, with less marked fluctuations, exists in the four groups, total white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes and basophiles.

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Cerebrospinal Fluid Total Protein Reference Intervals Derived from 20 Years of Patient Data

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2017.278267 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (12) ◽

pp. 1856-1865 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Christopher R McCudden ◽

John Brooks ◽

Priya Figurado ◽

Pierre R Bourque

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Quantile Regression ◽

Total Protein ◽

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Age Groups ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Patient Data ◽

Age Dependence ◽

Data Set

Abstract BACKGROUND Reference intervals are vital for interpretation of laboratory results. Many existing reference intervals for cerebrospinal fluid total protein (CSF-TP) are derived from old literature because of the invasive nature of sampling. The objective of this study was to determine reference intervals for CSF-TP using available patient data. METHODS Twenty years of hospital database information was mined for previously reported CSF-TP results. Associated demographic, laboratory, and clinical diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases 9/10 codes) details were extracted. CSF-TP results included 3 different analytical platforms: the Siemens Vista 1500, Beckman Lx20, and Roche Hitachi 917. From an initial data set of 19591 samples, the following exclusion criteria were applied: incomplete data, white blood cells (WBCs) >5 × 106/L, red blood cells (RBCs) >50 × 106/L, and glucose <2.5 mmol/L. Patient charts were reviewed in detail to exclude 60 different conditions for which increases in CSF-TP would be expected. A total of 6068 samples were included; 63% of the samples were from females. Continuous reference intervals were determined using quantile regression. Age- and sex-partitioned intervals were established using the quantile regression equation and splitting age-groups into 5-year bins. RESULTS CSF-TP showed a marked age dependence, and males had significantly higher CSF-TP than females across all ages. CSF-TP results from the 3 different instruments and manufacturers showed small (approximately 0.04 g/L), but statistically significant, differences. CSF-TP showed weak, but again statistically significant, correlation with WBC and RBC but was independent of serum total protein and creatinine. CONCLUSIONS The age dependence of CSF-TP supports that age-partitioned reference intervals will be more accurate than a single cutoff, particularly in patients with advancing age.

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Genome-Wide Analysis Identifies Regulators of Hematologic Parameters

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v116.21.sci-10.sci-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 116 (21) ◽

pp. SCI-10-SCI-10

Author(s):

Christian Gieger ◽

Nicole Soranzo

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

Functional Annotation ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Genome Wide Analysis ◽

Genome Wide ◽

High Degree ◽

Blood Elements

Abstract Abstract SCI-10 Recent genome-wide association scans published by ours and other groups have revealed > 50 genetic loci associated with hematological parameters, including the count and volume of red and white blood cells and platelets. These variants map to known and novel regulators of hematopoiesis, and provide evidence for a high degree of connectivity guiding differentiation of the different blood elements. I will review progress in the field as well as ongoing efforts within the HaemGen consortium, where we have used statistical analyses, animal models and genome-wide functional annotation to address the in-depth genetic exploration of such parameters. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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A clinical evaluation of the Bentley 10B and Bentley 10Plus bubble oxygenators

Perfusion ◽

10.1177/026765918800300109 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 55-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Derek T Pearson ◽

Richard Clayton ◽

Alan Murray ◽

Brian McArdle

Keyword(s):

Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽

Clinical Evaluation ◽

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Target Range ◽

Management Technique ◽

Blood Gas ◽

Acid Base ◽

Bubble Oxygenator ◽

Blood Elements

During clinical hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in 20 adult patients, the ability of the perfusionist, using an alphastat acid-base blood gas management technique, to control blood gas values has been evaluated in the Bentley 10B and Bentley 10Plus bubble oxygenators. Superior flexibility in control of the blood gas values to within a defined target range (PaO2 20 ± 3.3 kPa, PaCO2 5.3 ± 0.6 kPa) with significantly improved control of PaO2 was demonstrated in the Bentley 10Plus when compared with the Bentley 1 0B. The percentage of values when both PaCO2 and PaO2 were within the target range was higher in the Bentley 10Plus (14%) than in the Bentley 10B (11 %). The incorporation of an Integral gas proportioning valve in the Bentley 10Plus oxygenator offers a degree of independence of control of PaO 2 and PaCO2 which is unique in a bubble oxygenator. When the two oxygenator groups were compared, the rise in plasma haemoglobin was significantly less (p<0.005) in the Bentley 10Plus but no significant differences could be demonstrated between the two groups with respect to alteration in other formed blood elements (platelets or white blood cells) or in gaseous microemboli production.

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Differences in blood values depending on age in laboratory-bred european hamsters (Cricetus cricetus L.)

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367775780994899 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 33-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Adelheid Emminger ◽

G. Reznik ◽

Hildegard Reznik-Schüller ◽

U. Mohr

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Age Groups ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Cricetus Cricetus ◽

Males And Females

No significant differences in blood parameters were found between males and females aged 13-900 days. A comparison of the various age groups showed significant differences in the number of erythrocytes, leucocytes, thrombocytes and in the diameter of red blood cells. The number of erythrocytes and leucocytes was lowest, and the erythrocytes had the largest diameters in young animals. The number of thrombocytes was lowest in older animals.

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CYTOLOGY OF THE BLOOD OF NORMAL MINK AND RACCOON: II. THE NUMBERS OF THE BLOOD ELEMENTS IN NORMAL MINK

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr35-039 ◽

1935 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 484-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Arnold H. Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Similar Data ◽

Color Indices ◽

Males And Females ◽

Blood Elements ◽

Number Of Males ◽

Maximum Minimum

The numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophiles, eosinophiles and basophiles in the blood of normal mink of various age groups are listed. Data are given showing the maximum, minimum and average numbers of these types of cells. Similar data are supplied for white and red blood corpuscles and for the amounts of haemoglobin in the blood. Color indices are also given. Basophils were absent in some males and females of all age groups. Eosinophiles were not distinguished in a number of males and females under two months of age.

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Continuous changes in biological levels of complete blood count in a high altitude area of China

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312120931334 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 205031212093133 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xuan Luo ◽

Lei Feng ◽

XueJing Bai ◽

JiangXian Zhu ◽

GuanCheng Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Age Groups ◽

Reference Interval ◽

Distribution Width ◽

Men And Women ◽

Cell Parameters

Objectives: We aimed to establish a new reference interval of blood cell parameters by classifying and counting blood Cells of 16- to 85-year-old healthy volunteers and observing continuous changes with age. Methods: We analyzed the blood cell parameters of 42,678 cases (men, 24,406; women, 18,272), and compared the blood cell parameters of men and women in different age groups using an independent samples t-test. Using limits of 2.5%–97.5%, a 90% confidence interval was used to develop new reference intervals. Results: Counts of blood cell parameters, including white blood Cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, red blood Cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, distribution width of red blood Cells and platelets, were found to differ between men and women in different age groups. These parameters were used to establish a new reference interval of blood Cells. Conclusion: The blood cell parameters of both men and women changed with increasing age. The reference interval that we established will provide more accurate basic evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

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Reference intervals for haematological parameters in the Lusitano horse breed

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.2018.047 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 530-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Cristina Silvestre-Ferreira ◽

Mário Cotovio ◽

Mário Maia ◽

Felisbina Queiroga ◽

M João Pires ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Age Groups ◽

Haemoglobin Concentration ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Haematological Parameters ◽

Distribution Width ◽

Mean Values ◽

Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽

Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin

The Lusitano horse is an autochthonous Portuguese breed with a growing worldwide expansion. Our objective was to establish reference intervals for haematological parameters using the haematological cell counter LaserCyte (IDEXX). For this purpose, blood samples from 100 healthy adult horses (13 females and 87 males, ranging from 3 to 25 years of age) were analysed. The reference intervals were estimated following the ASVCP guidelines with the Reference Value Advisor software. The obtained reference intervals were 6.4–10.1 × 1012/L for red blood cells, 30.6–45.1% for haematocrit, 11.6–17.1 g/dL for haemoglobin, 42.8–53.2 fL for mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 15.5–20.8 pg for mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), 33.7–39.4 g/dL for mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, 17.8–20.3% for red cell distribution width (RDW), 4.5–10.1 × 109/L for white blood cells, 2.2–6.0 × 109/L for neutrophils, 0.9–4.9 × 109/L for lymphocytes, 0.2–0.5 × 109/L for monocytes, 0.1–0.6 × 109/L for eosinophils, 0.0–0.1 × 109/L for basophils, 78.5–172.2 K/mL for platelets, 4.3–9.4 fL for mean platelet volume, 18.8–24.2% for platelet distribution width, and 0.06–0.12% for plateletcrit. LaserCyte equine reference intervals are transferable to the Lusitano horse for 18 of the 22 analytes studied. Regarding age, significant statistical differences were observed for MCV, RDW, neutrophils and lymphocytes between the mean values of young (3–6 years old), middle-aged (7–14 years old) and old (< 15 years old) age groups. MCH means were statistically significantly different between the three age groups. The haematological reference intervals established in this study might represent a valuable and applicable tool for haematological assessment of adult Lusitano horses, providing useful information that helps clinicians to interpret clinical data.

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Sex-Related Differences in Hematological Parameters and Organosomatic Indices of Oreochromis niloticus Exposed to Aflatoxin B1 Diet

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2017/4268926 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Esther Marijani ◽

Johnson Nasimolo ◽

Emmanuel Kigadye ◽

Gbemenou Joselin Benoit Gnonlonfin ◽

Sheila Okoth

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Control Group ◽

Feeding Experiment ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

Male And Female ◽

Males And Females

A 24-week feeding experiment was conducted to assess whether males and females of Oreochromis niloticus exhibit differences in their hematological responses and organosomatic indices to dietary AFB1 contamination. Triplicate groups of O. niloticus (initial body weight: 24.1 ± 0.6 g) were fed with four diets (Diets 1 to 4) containing 0, 20, 200, and 2,000 μg AFB1 kg−1. A significant decrease (P<0.05) in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), and hematocrit (Hct) was observed in AFB1 exposure groups, with the lowest levels recorded in the 2000 μg AFB1 kg−1 treatment. A significant increase in mean white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, and lymphocytes was observed in AFB1 exposure groups. No sex-related differences in RBC, WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils levels were observed. However, hemoglobin and hematocrit values for female O. niloticus were significantly lower than those for male O. niloticus. Organosomatic indices showed that the relative liver, kidney, and spleen weights were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the AFB1 supplemented group than in the control group. However, the effect of aflatoxin on organosomatic indices does not depend on sex but rather depends on the dose of aflatoxin in the diet. These results provide useful information for monitoring changes in the health status of male and female O. niloticus.

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Analysis of peripheral blood white blood cell parameters in White stork (Ciconia ciconia L.) chicks varies by sex

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae ◽

10.24917/25438832.3.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Monika Grandtke ◽

Mariusz Kasprzak ◽

Mateusz Ciepliński ◽

Ewa Burda ◽

Ariel Durajski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood ◽

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Blood Film ◽

White Stork ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽

Cell Parameters ◽

White Storks ◽

Males And Females ◽

Dark Blue

The aim our study was qualitative and quantitative analysis of white blood morphometric elements of peripheral blood (determining the quantity, blood cells dimension and several hematological values) in White Stork chicks. One of the aims was to indicate whether the sex relevantly influences the variety of the examined white blood indicators. White blood cells parameters of 53 White Stork chicks, with molecularly marked sex, was examined. Blood samples were collected in southern Poland (around Krapkowice town, near Opole city). Lymphocytes of White Storks (mean 37% for females and males) were identified as round cells with dark purple non-lobed, eccentrically positioned nucleus. Among the whole population we differentiated small lymphocytes: with diameters of 5.31 ± 0.65 μm in males and 5.57 ± 0.59 μm in females, and large lymphocytes with a diameter of 8.10 ± 0.66 μm and 8.28 ± 0.74 μm, respectively in females and males. Monocytes (mean 8% for female and males) were the largest leukocytes found in the blood film of White Stork, measuring 13.40 ± 0.97 μm for males and 13.09 ± 1.05 μm for females in diameter. The cytoplasm was abundant and it stained blue-gray, very often contained vacuoles. Heterophils (mean 42.7%) were the largest in granular leukocytes group. They were round and 11.14 ± 0.65 μm for males and 11.01 ± 0.48 μm for females in diameter. The nucleus of heterophils was lobed, usually with two or three lobes. The cytoplasm contained brick-red, elongated granules. Eosinophils (mean 9.44%) were round cells, with a diameter of 10.72 ± 0.49 μm and 10.97 ± 0.53 μm, respectively in males and females. The nucleus was lobed and mostly stained clear blue and contained red-orange, round or rod-shaped granules. Basophils (mean 1.84%) were round and contained dark blue granules, with average of 9.56 ± 0.78 and 9.13 ± 0.84 μm in diameter, for males and females. The nucleus was usually non-lobed. The H/L ratio was 4/4 for both sexes. No significant differences in levels and types of leukocytes between male and female juvenile storks have been observed.

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HEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN EAST BALKAN PIGS AT DIFFERENT AGE AND SEASONS

AGROFOR ◽

10.7251/agreng1903164p ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Nadezhda PALOVA ◽

Yordan MARCHEV ◽

Radka NEDEVA ◽

Jivko NAKEV ◽

Dimitrinka KRUSHEVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Age Groups ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Biochemical Profile ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Serum Biochemical ◽

Serum Biochemical Profile

Twelvehematological and fifteen serum biochemical parameters were determined in indigenous East Balkan pigs at different ages and two seasons. The experiment was carried out in the Scientific Centre of Agriculture- Sredets aiming to characterize the health status of the animals when reared organically. Blood samples were taken from pre-weaned piglets (n=10), growers (n=10) and sows (n=10) in spring and summer. The results were analysed through two way ANOVA to assess the influence of the age, season and their interaction on the hematological and serum biochemical profile of the animals. Both age and season interacted significantly in regard to the red blood cells count (RBC) (P0.001), hemoglobin (HGB) (P0.001) and hematocrit (HCT) (P0.01), as well as in the most biochemical parameters including creatinine(P0.001), total protein (TP) (P0.001), albumin (ALB) (P0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P0.01), uric acid (UA) (P0.01), Mg (P0.001), triglycerides (TG) (P0.05) and cholesterol (P0.01). Regardless of the season, the white blood cells (WBC) including lymphocytes and granulocytes, as well as platelets (PLT)decreased with age, while mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increased.The content of glucose, urea, gamma-glutamil transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Ca and P which displayed maximal values in preweaned pigs (P0.05) compared to the other age groups (P0.05). The season affected the number of lymphocytes (P0.01), their percent (P0.001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) andmean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P0.001), as well as the concentration of GGT (P0.001) which increased during summer,and also granulocytes (P0.01), their percentage (P0.001), PLT (P0.05), glucose, urea, ALP, Ca (P0.001) and P (P0.01) whichwere higher in spring.

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