FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES ON A SALTANT OF HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM

A saltant of H. sativum disappeared from six different soils in which it was cultured in the laboratory within four weeks, whereas the indigenous flora persisted for nine weeks. During this nine week period numbers of bacteria showed no obvious trend, but numbers of fungi decreased. When cultured in sterilized portions of the above soils, the saltant showed a downward trend in numbers in the nine week period, a trend that was more obvious in some cultures than in others. Twenty-two of 221 isolates of fungi from soil, grain, and air, 45 of 286 isolates of Streptomyces, and 33 of 193 isolates of other bacteria produced evidence of antagonism to the saltant in spot inoculation studies. Filtrates prepared from two of the fungal isolates suppressed the growth of the saltant, as did also autoclaved portions of the nitrates. On the contrary, filtrates from three cultures of bacteria failed to suppress growth of the saltant, even though cultures of the bacteria did. The same 22 fungal isolates and 25 of the Streptomyces, when introduced separately into sterile soil along with the saltant, reduced the disease rating of barley seedlings below that produced by the saltant alone. The direct-count method of estimating numbers of spores of the saltant in a suspension was found to be reliable. Estimates based on the direct count were significantly greater than those made by the plate method. Estimates based on numbers of the saltant developing on potato dextrose agar containing small amounts of sterile soil were smaller than those made on the same medium without the soil. Even though the soil in the medium changed the pH of the medium, the difference in pH was considered not to be the primary factor in producing the lower estimates. Soil, either natural or heat sterilized, would contain the thermostable filterable substance or substances found to be produced by two species of fungi and probably produced by other species, likewise normally present in soil.