AN 80 °C. ISOTHERMAL CALORIMETER

1950 ◽  
Vol 28b (10) ◽  
pp. 579-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Coffin ◽  
J. C. Devins ◽  
J. R. Dingle ◽  
J. H. Greenblatt ◽  
T. R. Ingraham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Benzene Vapor ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Isothermal Calorimeter ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
The Way

An 80° isothermal naphthalene calorimeter analogous to the Bunsen ice calorimeter has been constructed and calibrated. The heat to be measured is made to change the solid/liquid ratio of naphthalene at its melting point, and the resulting volume change is determined by the displacement of mercury in a horizontal capillary tube. The naphthalene chamber is surrounded by the vapor of benzene boiling under an automatically controlled pressure at the melting point of naphthalene. The benzene vapor and the partially frozen naphthalene are separated by an evacuated space.This 80° calorimeter is four times as sensitive as the ice calorimeter and is much more convenient to operate. It is readily adapted to micro work and can be used for fast or slow endothermic or exothermic processes. In the setup described, heats up to about 400 cal. may be measured with a reproducibility of the order of 0.1%. Two different methods of calibration, however, gave "constants" differing by almost 1%. It is thus evident that the instrument must be calibrated as nearly as possible in the way in which it is to be used.

Study on Extraction of Alumina from Sericite Phyllite

2013 ◽  
Vol 544 ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Zhao ◽  
Kai Qi Liu ◽  
Zhuang Li ◽  
Zhao Hui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
The Self ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Hexagonal Plate ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Leaching Reaction ◽  
The Way

Alumina from sericite phyllite was extracted by the way of limestone self-pulverization sintering technique. The key technical processes, including self-pulverization sintering, clinker leaching reaction and the carbonation decomposition, were investigated systematically. The results showed that the main phases of pulverized clinker consisted of γ-C2S and C12A7, and the self-pulverization rate was 95% . The dissolution rate of Al2O3 clinker could reach 86.7% when the concentration of Na2CO3 solution was 7% and the solid-liquid ratio was 1:3. The Al(OH)3 prepared at 80°C carbonation temperature and pH=10.5 was relatively pure, with hexagonal plate-like crystals. The α-alumina could be acquired by calcination at 1200°C with the content of 99.71% Al2O3 and 0.02% Na2O. This work provided optimal technological parameters for effectively extracting alumina from the sericite and other inexpensive non-bauxite mineral resources with A/S ratio lower than 1.

Melting and Crystallization of Poly(oxyethylene) Mixtures

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1855-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Lapeš ◽  
Josef Baldrian ◽  
Ján Biroš ◽  
Julius Pouchlý ◽  
Hanes Mio
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Lamellar Structure ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Eutectic Phase ◽  
Eutectic Melting ◽  
Pure Polymer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Melting And Crystallization

Solid-liquid eutectic phase diagrams of mixtures of poly(oxyethylene) (M.w. 2 000) with hydroxy and methoxy endgroups, crystallizing in extended-chain macroconformation only, with glutaric acid, benzoic acid or 1,2-diphenylethane are given. The composition dependence of the melting temperature can be fitted by the Flory-Huggins equation. Interaction parameters X and interaction energy densities B evaluated from the diluent branch of the phase diagram are consistent with those obtained from the polymer branch provided the calorimetric value of enthalpy of polymer fusion is used in the latter computation. Measurements of small- and wide-angle X-ray scatterings showed a stacked lamellar structure of POE. Below the eutectic melting point, the long period of the polymer is almost independent of the diluent concentration. On raising temperature gradually from this melting point to the melting point of pure polymer, the increasing long period indicates the penetration of the diluent between the lamellae. As follows from SAXS measurements, the crystallinity of poly(oxyethylene) in the mixtures remains unchanged compared to that of the pure polymer.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of the Sulfur-Impregnated Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite for Hg(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Marin Ugrina ◽  
Martin Gaberšek ◽  
Aleksandra Daković ◽  
Ivona Nuić
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Liquid

Sulfur-impregnated zeolite has been obtained from the natural zeolite clinoptilolite by chemical modification with Na2S at 150 °C. The purpose of zeolite impregnation was to enhance the sorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions. Chemical analysis, acid and basic properties determined by Bohem’s method, chemical behavior at different pHo values, zeta potential, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as thermogravimetry with derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) were used for detailed comparative mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization of natural and sulfur-impregnated zeolites. Results revealed that the surface of the natural zeolite was successfully impregnated with sulfur species in the form of FeS and CaS. Chemical modification caused an increase in basicity and the net negative surface charge due to an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups as well as a decrease in specific surface area and crystallinity due to the formation of sulfur-containing clusters at the zeolite surface. The sorption of Hg(II) species onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite was affected by the pH, solid/liquid ratio, initial Hg(II) concentration, and contact time. The optimal sorption conditions were determined as pH 2, a solid/liquid ratio of 10 g/L, and a contact time of 800 min. The maximum obtained sorption capacity of the sulfur-impregnated zeolite toward Hg(II) was 1.02 mmol/g. The sorption mechanism of Hg(II) onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite involves electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and surface complexation, accompanied by co-precipitation of Hg(II) in the form of HgS. It was found that sulfur-impregnation enhanced the sorption of Hg(II) by 3.6 times compared to the natural zeolite. The leaching test indicated the retention of Hg(II) in the zeolite structure over a wide pH range, making this sulfur-impregnated sorbent a promising material for the remediation of a mercury-polluted environment.

scholarly journals Photodegradation of Phenolic Compounds from Water in the Presence of a Pd-Containing Exhausted Adsorbent

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8440
Author(s):  
Lavinia Lupa ◽  
Laura Cocheci ◽  
Bogdan Trica ◽  
Adina Coroaba ◽  
Adriana Popa
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Phenol Solution ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
Phenol Photodegradation ◽  
Cyphos Il 101 ◽  
Solid Liquid

A closed-cycle technology regarding the use of an exhausted Pd-based adsorbent as a photocatalyst in the degradation process of phenol is presented. Pd (II) represents a precious metal of great economic importance. Its obtained from natural sources become more difficult to achieve. Therefore, also considering the regulations of the “circular economy,” its recovery from secondary sources turn out to be a stringent issue in the last years. Pd(II) ions are removed from aqueous solution through adsorption onto Florisil (an inorganic solid support—magnesium silicate) impregnated with Cyphos IL 101 (trihexyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride). It was observed that the presence of the ionic liquid (IL) in the adsorbent structure doubles the adsorption efficiency of the studied materials. The newly obtained Pd-based photocatalyst was exhaustively characterized and was used in the degradation process of phenol from aqueous solutions. The phenol degradation process was studied in terms of the nature of the photocatalyst used, time of photodegradation and solid: liquid ratio. It was observed that both the presence of IL and Pd lead to an increase in the efficiency of the phenol degradation process. The new Pd-based photocatalyst could be efficiently used in more cycles of phenol photodegradation processes. When is used as a photocatalyst the Florisil impregnated with IL and loaded with 2 mg/g of Pd, a degree of mineralization of 93.75% is obtained after 180 min of irradiation of a phenol solution having a concentration of 20 mg/L and using a solid:liquid ratio = 1:1.

Research on Ethanol Production by Biological Fermentation of Potato Pulp

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
Zhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Potato Pulp ◽  
Fermentation Temperature ◽  
Ethanol Production Rate ◽  
Solid Liquid

Bioconversion of potato pulp to fuel ethanol, analysing the potato pulp chemical composition and determining the potato pulp in the role of microorganism produce ethanol under the best conditions is the major research. An analysis of the chemical composition of potato pulp showed that : the basic ingredients are Protein (9.72%), Starch (25.52%), Cellulose (17.90%). The effects of ethanol production rate of solid-liquid ratio, fermentation temperature, inoculumconcertration, fermentation time. The results showed that: the best conditions producting ethanol from potato pulp obtained by single factor experiments are: solid-liquid ratio: 1:15, fermentation temperature: 35°C, inoculumconcertration: 3mL, fermentation time: 20h. Under this occasion, the ethanol production rate was 0.183mL·g-1.

The Influence Factors of Compressive Strength and Production of Mineral Polymer of Aluminum Rocks in Xiuwen County, Guizhou Province, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 1086-1090
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Qiong Qiong Li ◽  
Yu Qiang Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Glass ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
Solid Liquid

Aluminous rocks from Xiuwen County, Guizhou are the main raw materials, mixed some kaolin mineral. Water glass and alkaline activators are used to product polymer materials, the main experimental indicators are the compressive strength. Here, the studies on amount of water glass and alkaline activator, solid-liquid ratio, amount of kaolin and effects on compressive strength of Geopolymer have been proceeded respectively. The result shows that: the highest compressive strength of geopolymers is17.94 Mpa, with aluminous rock 40g, solid-liquid ratio 2.2, water glass12g and alkali activator 2.01g, as well as kaolin 18.02g.

scholarly journals Modeling of Total Phenolic contents in Various Tea samples by Experimental Design Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 738-744
Author(s):  
Nuraniye Eruygur ◽  
Nazire Gulsah Kutuk Dincel ◽  
Nursah Kutuk
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Substance ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Solid Liquid

AbstractTea, from the old ages to the day, is widely consumed both for enjoyment and health care due to its positive effects. The consumption of these products is increasing day by day as a result of the clear presentation of the fact that tea contains high amount of antioxidant substances (such as phenolic compounds), which is important in prevention and treatment of diseases. Tea beverage is a very important source of polyphenols. In this study, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of different tea species were calculated by modeling with experimental design method. In the experimental part, polyphenol content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total amount of phenolic substance content was examined by Box-Behnken design and response surface method on black tea, green tea and white tea on different extraction temperature, extraction time and solid / liquid ratio. Solid / liquid ratio was found to be the most important parameter in terms of polyphenol content extraction from different tea samples. The highest polyphenol amount (411.762 mg gallic acid / mL) was found in green tea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first data presenting comparatively study the effect of extraction condition on amounts of phenolic compounds from different tea samples.

scholarly journals Optimisation of the Conversion and Extraction of Arctigenin From Fructus arctii Into Arctiin Using Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Lu ◽  
Bin He ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Li-Jun Wu ◽  
Xia-Bing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loss Rate ◽  
Aspergillus Awamori ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Further Development

Fructus arctii is commonly used in Chinese medicine, and arctiin and arctigenin are its main active ingredients. Arctiin has low bioavailability in the human body and needs to be converted into arctigenin by intestinal microbes before it can be absorbed into the blood. Arctigenin has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumour effects and its development has important value. In this study, we used external microbial fermentation with Aspergillus awamori and Trichoderma reesei to process and convert arctiin from F. arctii powder into arctigenin, hence increasing its bioavailability. We developed a fermentation process by optimising the carbon and nitrogen source/ratio, fermentation time, pH, liquid volume, inoculation volume, and substrate solid-liquid ratio. This allowed for an arctiin conversion rate of 99.84%, and the dissolution rate of the final product was 95.74%, with a loss rate as low as 4.26%. After the fermentation of F. arctii powder, the average yield of arctigenin is 19.51 mg/g. Crude fermented F. arctii extract was purified by silica gel column chromatography, and we observed an arctigenin purity of 99.33%. Our technique effectively converts arctiin and extracts arctigenin from F. arctii and provides a solid basis for further development and industrialisation.

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