scholarly journals Photodegradation of Phenolic Compounds from Water in the Presence of a Pd-Containing Exhausted Adsorbent

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8440
Author(s):  
Lavinia Lupa ◽  
Laura Cocheci ◽  
Bogdan Trica ◽  
Adina Coroaba ◽  
Adriana Popa
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Phenol Solution ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
Phenol Photodegradation ◽  
Cyphos Il 101 ◽  
Solid Liquid

A closed-cycle technology regarding the use of an exhausted Pd-based adsorbent as a photocatalyst in the degradation process of phenol is presented. Pd (II) represents a precious metal of great economic importance. Its obtained from natural sources become more difficult to achieve. Therefore, also considering the regulations of the “circular economy,” its recovery from secondary sources turn out to be a stringent issue in the last years. Pd(II) ions are removed from aqueous solution through adsorption onto Florisil (an inorganic solid support—magnesium silicate) impregnated with Cyphos IL 101 (trihexyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride). It was observed that the presence of the ionic liquid (IL) in the adsorbent structure doubles the adsorption efficiency of the studied materials. The newly obtained Pd-based photocatalyst was exhaustively characterized and was used in the degradation process of phenol from aqueous solutions. The phenol degradation process was studied in terms of the nature of the photocatalyst used, time of photodegradation and solid: liquid ratio. It was observed that both the presence of IL and Pd lead to an increase in the efficiency of the phenol degradation process. The new Pd-based photocatalyst could be efficiently used in more cycles of phenol photodegradation processes. When is used as a photocatalyst the Florisil impregnated with IL and loaded with 2 mg/g of Pd, a degree of mineralization of 93.75% is obtained after 180 min of irradiation of a phenol solution having a concentration of 20 mg/L and using a solid:liquid ratio = 1:1.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of the Sulfur-Impregnated Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite for Hg(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Marin Ugrina ◽  
Martin Gaberšek ◽  
Aleksandra Daković ◽  
Ivona Nuić
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Liquid

Sulfur-impregnated zeolite has been obtained from the natural zeolite clinoptilolite by chemical modification with Na2S at 150 °C. The purpose of zeolite impregnation was to enhance the sorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions. Chemical analysis, acid and basic properties determined by Bohem’s method, chemical behavior at different pHo values, zeta potential, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as thermogravimetry with derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) were used for detailed comparative mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization of natural and sulfur-impregnated zeolites. Results revealed that the surface of the natural zeolite was successfully impregnated with sulfur species in the form of FeS and CaS. Chemical modification caused an increase in basicity and the net negative surface charge due to an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups as well as a decrease in specific surface area and crystallinity due to the formation of sulfur-containing clusters at the zeolite surface. The sorption of Hg(II) species onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite was affected by the pH, solid/liquid ratio, initial Hg(II) concentration, and contact time. The optimal sorption conditions were determined as pH 2, a solid/liquid ratio of 10 g/L, and a contact time of 800 min. The maximum obtained sorption capacity of the sulfur-impregnated zeolite toward Hg(II) was 1.02 mmol/g. The sorption mechanism of Hg(II) onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite involves electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and surface complexation, accompanied by co-precipitation of Hg(II) in the form of HgS. It was found that sulfur-impregnation enhanced the sorption of Hg(II) by 3.6 times compared to the natural zeolite. The leaching test indicated the retention of Hg(II) in the zeolite structure over a wide pH range, making this sulfur-impregnated sorbent a promising material for the remediation of a mercury-polluted environment.

Research on Ethanol Production by Biological Fermentation of Potato Pulp

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
Zhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Potato Pulp ◽  
Fermentation Temperature ◽  
Ethanol Production Rate ◽  
Solid Liquid

Bioconversion of potato pulp to fuel ethanol, analysing the potato pulp chemical composition and determining the potato pulp in the role of microorganism produce ethanol under the best conditions is the major research. An analysis of the chemical composition of potato pulp showed that : the basic ingredients are Protein (9.72%), Starch (25.52%), Cellulose (17.90%). The effects of ethanol production rate of solid-liquid ratio, fermentation temperature, inoculumconcertration, fermentation time. The results showed that: the best conditions producting ethanol from potato pulp obtained by single factor experiments are: solid-liquid ratio: 1:15, fermentation temperature: 35°C, inoculumconcertration: 3mL, fermentation time: 20h. Under this occasion, the ethanol production rate was 0.183mL·g-1.

The Influence Factors of Compressive Strength and Production of Mineral Polymer of Aluminum Rocks in Xiuwen County, Guizhou Province, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 1086-1090
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Qiong Qiong Li ◽  
Yu Qiang Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Glass ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
Solid Liquid

Aluminous rocks from Xiuwen County, Guizhou are the main raw materials, mixed some kaolin mineral. Water glass and alkaline activators are used to product polymer materials, the main experimental indicators are the compressive strength. Here, the studies on amount of water glass and alkaline activator, solid-liquid ratio, amount of kaolin and effects on compressive strength of Geopolymer have been proceeded respectively. The result shows that: the highest compressive strength of geopolymers is17.94 Mpa, with aluminous rock 40g, solid-liquid ratio 2.2, water glass12g and alkali activator 2.01g, as well as kaolin 18.02g.

scholarly journals Modeling of Total Phenolic contents in Various Tea samples by Experimental Design Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 738-744
Author(s):  
Nuraniye Eruygur ◽  
Nazire Gulsah Kutuk Dincel ◽  
Nursah Kutuk
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Substance ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Solid Liquid

AbstractTea, from the old ages to the day, is widely consumed both for enjoyment and health care due to its positive effects. The consumption of these products is increasing day by day as a result of the clear presentation of the fact that tea contains high amount of antioxidant substances (such as phenolic compounds), which is important in prevention and treatment of diseases. Tea beverage is a very important source of polyphenols. In this study, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of different tea species were calculated by modeling with experimental design method. In the experimental part, polyphenol content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total amount of phenolic substance content was examined by Box-Behnken design and response surface method on black tea, green tea and white tea on different extraction temperature, extraction time and solid / liquid ratio. Solid / liquid ratio was found to be the most important parameter in terms of polyphenol content extraction from different tea samples. The highest polyphenol amount (411.762 mg gallic acid / mL) was found in green tea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first data presenting comparatively study the effect of extraction condition on amounts of phenolic compounds from different tea samples.

Phenol Degradation by UV-Enhanced Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Liu ◽  
Chaolin Li ◽  
Qi Han ◽  
Gang Lu ◽  
Xiaoqing Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Peroxide Oxidation ◽  
Homogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Phenol Solution ◽  
Wet Peroxide Oxidation ◽  
Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation

AbstractIn this study, degradation of phenol solution by the ultraviolet-enhanced catalytic wet peroxide oxidation process (UV-CWPO) were evaluated via COD removal. Six kinds of homogeneous catalysts (Fe

scholarly journals The use of photocatalytic degradation to improve the quality of crude refinery effluent

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dushen Bisetty Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
South African ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Refinery Effluent ◽  
South African Water

Water plays a fundamental role in sustaining life on Earth. Water is largely used by industries to support their processes and utilities. Through growing industrialisation, each year more and more wastewater is generated and the demand for water rises rapidly. The incorrect and unsustainable use of water is placing a great strain on the South African water supply. Much emphasis is now being placed on industries re-using and treating their effluent and wastewater. Of recent, government has placed stringent specifications for industrial effluent quality and industry find it difficult to continuously improve their effluent quality to be within acceptable limits. Crude refineries are major contributors to wastewater, producing effluent comprising largely of Oil, grease and hydrocarbon. Much focus is placed on finding alternate means of wastewater treatment to assist with the removal of oil and hydrocarbon contaminants. More effluent treatment processes need to be explored to ensure industries operate in a sustainable manner and do not place unnecessary strain on the South African water supply. Photocatalytic degradation is a wastewater treatment technique that has drawn a lot of attention in the last decade. This is an Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) which involves the production of a hydroxyl radical (OH-) which is then used for the degradation of organic contaminants. The degradation converts the organic pollutants into CO2 and H2O. A synthetic crude refinery effluent was developed and underwent the photocatalytic degradation process. The catalyst concentration was varied at 2 g/L, 5 g/L and 8 g/L. The oxidation reaction took place over time intervals of 30, 60 and 90 minutes and aeration to the reaction vessel was supplied at 0.768 L/min, 1.11 L/min and 1.48 L/min. This photodegradation took place under UV light conditions. The degradation process was conducted with the aim of evaluating the degradation of oil and phenol in crude refinery effluent. Sulphates were also monitored to observe if an effect was noticed. Design of Experiment (DOE) involved the development of experimental run matrices for a multilevel factorial design, Central Composite Design (CCD) and Box-Behnken Design (BBD) model. Randomized runs were then conducted as per the design matrix for each model. Model verification and evaluation was then conducted and the best suited degradation models were selected. It was observed that the best fitted model for the degradation of oil in water was the BBD. The best design model for phenol degradation was the CCD. Throughout the photocatalytic degradation process, it was noted that no change took place with the sulphates. The models were then optimised to determine the optimum degradation conditions. This was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) techniques. The CCD model yielded a combined oil and phenol degradation of 71.5%. This occurred at a catalyst concentration of 2.07g/L, a run time of 90 minutes and an air flow rate of 0.768L/min. The BBD model produced a combined oil and phenol degradation of 68%. This took place at a catalyst concentration of 2 g/L, a run time of 30 minutes and an air flow rate of 1.04 L/min. pH were monitored throughput the degradation process and both these models yielded output products within the stipulated pH band. The testing of a local crude refinery effluent was conducted using the CCD and BBD optimum conditions. When using the CCD optimum conditions degradation of 76.98% and 84.21% was observed for both oil and phenol respectively. The BBD optimum conditions yielded a degradation of 83.33% for oil and 78.95% for phenol. This indicated that the photocatalytic process can be considered for degrading crude refinery effluent as its products met the specifications of municipal industrial waste water. The above results clearly indicate a positive outcome for the treatment method of photocatalytic degradation on the synthetic crude refinery effluent. This technique can therefore be further explored when considering crude effluent treatment and the treatment advantages should be used by all industries to improve effluent quality and allow for more sustainable and environmentally friendly operations.

scholarly journals Optimisation of the Conversion and Extraction of Arctigenin From Fructus arctii Into Arctiin Using Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Lu ◽  
Bin He ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Li-Jun Wu ◽  
Xia-Bing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loss Rate ◽  
Aspergillus Awamori ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Further Development

Fructus arctii is commonly used in Chinese medicine, and arctiin and arctigenin are its main active ingredients. Arctiin has low bioavailability in the human body and needs to be converted into arctigenin by intestinal microbes before it can be absorbed into the blood. Arctigenin has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumour effects and its development has important value. In this study, we used external microbial fermentation with Aspergillus awamori and Trichoderma reesei to process and convert arctiin from F. arctii powder into arctigenin, hence increasing its bioavailability. We developed a fermentation process by optimising the carbon and nitrogen source/ratio, fermentation time, pH, liquid volume, inoculation volume, and substrate solid-liquid ratio. This allowed for an arctiin conversion rate of 99.84%, and the dissolution rate of the final product was 95.74%, with a loss rate as low as 4.26%. After the fermentation of F. arctii powder, the average yield of arctigenin is 19.51 mg/g. Crude fermented F. arctii extract was purified by silica gel column chromatography, and we observed an arctigenin purity of 99.33%. Our technique effectively converts arctiin and extracts arctigenin from F. arctii and provides a solid basis for further development and industrialisation.

scholarly journals Effect of Alkaline Concentration and Solid Liquid Ratio on the Acid Resistance of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Abel W. Ourgessa ◽  
Amen Aniley ◽  
Ababo G. Gudisa ◽  
Ibsa Neme ◽  
Alemshet Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Solid Liquid

scholarly journals Nanomaterials Based Drinking Water Purification: Comparative Study with a Conventional Water Purification Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barış Şimşek ◽  
İnci Sevgili ◽  
Özge Bildi Ceran ◽  
Haluk Korucu ◽  
Osman Nuri Şara
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Solid Liquid

One of the ways of fully securing the presence of fresh water is water treatment process. Nanomaterials and nanotechnology offers an innovative solution for water treatment. In this study, physical, chemical and microbiological improvement rates of raw water were analyzed after filtration with graphene oxide. Graphene oxide's water treatment performance; silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles & graphene oxide composites that are commonly used in water treatment were compared with a traditional treatment method. When compared to the traditional method, there were improvements of 50 %, 40.7 %, 86.8 % and 45.5 % for color, TIC, TOC and hardness properties, respectively in water treatment by GO-based filtration with solid liquid ratio of 0.7 % (v/v). In water treatment with GO-Ag based filtration, 39.8 %, 69.8 %, 10.3 % and 28.6 % of improvements were obtained for TIC, TOC, hardness and LSI value compared to the conventional method. Both GO at 0.7 % (v/v) solid-liquid ratio and GO-Ag nanocomposites were successful in the number of total viable microorganisms and inhibiting microorganisms such as Escherichia coli fecal (gaita-infected), Salmonella typhi, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomona aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the studied parameters GO-Ag nanocomposites found to be the most suitable for drinking water treatment.

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