Survival, Contribution, and Return of Hatchery Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Released into Freshwater, Estuarine, and Marine Environments

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario F. Solazzi ◽  
Thomas E. Nickelson ◽  
Steven L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Survival Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Columbia River Plume ◽  
Brood Fish

We released six groups of marked yearling hatchery coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in six locations each year for five years beginning with the 1981 brood. Fish were released immediately below Bonneville Dam (control), at the Tongue Point Coast Guard Station (head of saltwater intrusion in the Columbia River), between the jetties at the Columbia River bar, in the Columbia River plume water, in coastal water approximately 19 km north and 19 km offshore of the mouth of the river, and in oceanic water approximately 38 km offshore. We found a 1.6-fold increase in the survival index (ocean catch through September 18 each year) for the fish released at Tongue Point compared with the control group. After adjusting for differences in the survival index between release groups, we found a 2.5-fold increase in the contribution to the Columbia River gillnet fishery from the fish released at Tongue Point compared with the control group. We found no significant difference between survival of the other release groups and survival of the control group. We also found that the percentage of adult fish that returned to locations other than the Columbia basin increased as the distance the fish were transported offshore increased.

Spatiotemporal patterns in migration timing of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts in North America

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1316-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Spence ◽  
James D. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Watershed Characteristics ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Kodiak Island

The timing of ocean entry by salmon smolts is presumed adaptive to maximize survival during this critical life transition. We analyzed the peak timing, duration, and interannual variation in timing of smolt migrations for 53 coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) populations from central California to Kodiak Island, Alaska. The objective was to examine potential influences of both local watershed characteristics and larger-scale processes in the marine environment on smolt migration patterns. Multivariate analyses demonstrated a strong latitudinal gradient in migration patterns with trends toward later, shorter, and more predictable migrations with increasing latitude. Cluster analysis performed on migration descriptors indicated three major population groupings that coincide with major coastal oceanic regions in the northeast Pacific: a northern group from Kodiak Island to the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, a central group from the Queen Charlotte Islands south to the Columbia River, and a southern group from the Columbia River southward. These regional patterns transcended local variability associated with watershed characteristics and trap location, suggesting that the patterns reflect adaptation to differences in timing and relative predictability of favorable conditions in the marine environments that smolts enter.

scholarly journals Use of 0.1% chlorine dioxide to inhibit the formation of morning volatile sulphur compounds (VSC)

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Cristina Peruzzo ◽  
Priscila Fontoura Castelo Branco Jandiroba ◽  
Getulio da Rocha Nogueira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

The aim of this study was to evaluate the VSC-inhibiting effect of a commercially available mouthrinse (0.1% chlorine dioxide) when compared to its placebo. A 2-step double blind, crossover, randomised study was conducted with 14 dental students with healthy periodontium, who refrained from any mechanical plaque and tongue coating control during two 4-day experimental periods. The subjects were instructed to rinse 3 times daily with the assigned product during each period. A 7-day washout interval was established. VSCs levels were measured by a sulphide monitor at the beginning (baseline) and at the end of each experimental period. Statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon's and Mann-Whitney's non-parametric tests. At baseline, intragroup analysis revealed that VSCs levels did not differ between groups (p > 0.05); at day 5, the use of the chlorine dioxide mouthrinse did not change the baseline VSCs scores in the control group (p > 0.05), while a 2-fold increase was observed with the use of the placebo mouthrinse (p < 0.05). Intergroup analysis showed a significant difference between the VSCs levels of the test and control groups (40.2 ± 30.72 and 82.3 ± 75.63 ppb, p < 0.001) at day 5. Within the limits of this study, the findings suggest that a mouthrinse containing chlorine dioxide can maintain VSCs at lower levels in the morning breath.

Transferrin Polymorphism in Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2371-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred M. Utter ◽  
Warren E. Ames ◽  
Harold O. Hodgins
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Potential Usefulness ◽  
Stock Identification ◽  
Transferrin Polymorphism

Six transferrin phenotypes observed in sera of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were interpreted as a reflection of three alleles — TfA, TfB, and TfC — at a single locus. The distribution of these alleles differed significantly among samples collected from streams entering Puget Sound and tributaries of the Columbia River, suggesting a potential usefulness of this system for stock identification.

Effect of Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent on the Survival of Starved Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2528-2530
Author(s):  
D. A. Brown ◽  
D. J. McLeay
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Starved coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fingerlings were exposed to "sublethal" concentrations of neutralized bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME). Time to death was similar in the control group, in fish continuously exposed to BKME concentrations equivalent to 0.05–0.4 of the samples’ 96-h LC50 values, and in fish exposed to a treated (foam-stripped) portion of the samples at a volume equivalent to 0.7 LC50 for untreated effluent. Time to death decreased progressively in groups exposed to effluent concentrations higher than 0.4 of the 96-h LC50.

scholarly journals LABOUR ANALGESIA BY NEUROAXIAL BLOCKADE TECHNIQUE AND ITS LABOUR OUTCOME

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
R.Shanthi Malar ◽  
V. Vijayalakshmi ◽  
P. Thenmozhi
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Labour Analgesia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Second Stage Of Labour ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND:Pain relief during labour is an important component of modern obstetric care and can be produced by neuraxial, systemic or inhalational analgesia. Recent meta-analyses have supported epidural analgesia as the most efficacious technique.A good labour analgesia should aim at good pain relief during delivery process,at the same time not causing foetal acidosis,ensures safe for both mother and the baby. AIM OF THE STUDY:To study the influence of epidural analgesia on maternal and neonatal outcome MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study was conducted in the depar tment of Obstet r ics and Gynecology,GOVT.Stanley Medical College,Govt.RSRM LYING IN HOSPITAL,CHENNAI over a period of eight months from July 2019 to February 2021. The study was performed in 120 selected subjects. The study subjects were divided based on intervention – labour analgesia into 2 study groups. In this study,change in vital parameters,fetal heart rate,assessment of pain score,Duration of first and second stage of labour,mode of delivery,APGAR score and the need for NICU admission were noted and recorded.Any complications during the course of labour were also recorded. RESULTS:In this study,there was no significant difference in the mean duration of first and second stage of labour in both the study and control groups.The mean Apgar score of babies at one minute was 7.02 and at 5 minutes was 8.07 in the labour analgesia group and showed no significance.Maternal satisfaction for the effect of epidural analgesia,60.00% of the patients of epidural analgesia, the incidence of satisfactory/very satisfactory experience was meaningfully and significantly more in labour analgesia group subjects compared to control group subjects by 30 % with a 2 fold increase. CONCLUSION: As per this study labour analgesia using neuroaxial blockade technique are more likely to encounter increasing maternal satisfaction and good quality labour pain reduction.

Effect of Melan-Α/Μart-1-peptide vaccination plus IMP321 on antitumor immunity and clinical benefit in patients receiving autologous PBMCs after lymphodepletion.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20011-e20011
Author(s):  
Emanuela Romano ◽  
Helene Bichat ◽  
Athina Stravodimou ◽  
Pedro Romero ◽  
Speiser E Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Clinical Benefit ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

e20011 Background: Immunotherapy offers great promise for cancer treatmet. Strong evidence supports adoptive cell transfer (ACT) and immunemodulation for regression of advanced melanoma. Few studies assessed the potential synergy between these two strategies. Methods: Twelve patients with metastatic melanoma received multiple Melan-A/Mart-1-peptide vaccinations with (n=6) or without (n=6) IMP321 (LAG-3Ig fusion protein) as an adjuvant in combination with lymphodepleting chemotherapy and ACT. All patients were selected on the basis of ex vivo detectable Melan-A-specific CD8 T cell responses and were immunized at day (D) 0, 8, 15, 22, 28, 52, and 74 post-reinfusion. Results: One-week after reinfusion of bulk autologous PBMCs, a significant expansion of Melan-A-specific CD8 T cells was measured in >83% (n=5) and <17% (n=1) of patients from the IMP321 and control groups, respectively (p=0.02). Compared to the control group, the mean fold increase of Melan-A-specific CD8 T cells was respectively >2-, >4-, and >6-fold higher in the IMP321 group at D15, D30, and D60 (p=0.02). A long-lasting Melan-A-specific CD8 T-cell response was significantly associated with IMP321 (p<0.001). A higher proportion of Melan-A-specific CD8 TEMRA (i.e., CD45RA+CCR7-CD127-) cells was observed in the IMP321 group at the peak of the response (p <0.002), whereas no significant difference was observed in the expression of co-inhibitory receptors (i.e., PD-1, 2B4, TIM3, CD160). IMP321 was associated with a significantly (p<0.04) reduced expansion of regulatory T cells (TREGS); we observed a negative correlation between the fold increase of Melan-A-specific CD8 T cells and the relative expansion of TREGS. Clinical benefit (assessed as CR, PR, and SD) was observed in none of the control patients vs 67% (4/6) of patients from the IMP321 group, (p=0.02). Conclusions: Vaccination with IMP321 as an adjuvant in combination with lymphodepleting chemotherapy and ACT provided clinical benefit and this was associated with a more robust and durable cellular antitumor immune response, supporting further development of IMP321 for future immunotherapeutic strategies. Clinical trial information: NCT00324623.

Effect of Diets Containing Herring Oil Oxidized to Different Degrees on Growth and Immunocompetence of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2187-2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Forster ◽  
David A. Higgs ◽  
Gordon R. Bell ◽  
B. S. Dosanjh ◽  
B. E. March
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Oxidized Oil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Growth rate and efficiency of feed conversion were reduced by inclusion of oxidized herring oil in the diet, presumably as a result of reduced digestibility of the oxidized oil and suboptimal dietary concentrations of ω3 fatty acids. There was no evidence of any toxic factors in the oxidized oil. There was no significant difference in growth rate or the efficiency of feed conversion between juvenile coho fed diets supplemented with 30 and 1030 IU vitamin E/kg. Dietary treatment did not affect haematocrit values. Immunocompetence, judged by antibody titres in response to vibrio vaccination, was similar for all treatments. Disease resistance, assessed by the rate of mortality induced by exposure of nonvaccinated fish to challenge with Vibrio anguillarum or V. ordali, was likewise unaffected by the dietary treatments.

scholarly journals The correlation between endothelin-1 levels and spirometry in dialysis patients compared to healthy subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kovačević ◽  
M. Stanetić ◽  
Z. Rajkovača ◽  
S. Veljković ◽  
M. Kojicic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Aim. Several studies demonstrated a six-fold increase in plasma concentration of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in diaysis patients (hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) compared to healthy control subjects. However, the effects of ET-1 on respiratory function in these patients are less known. The aim of this study was to determine the potential differences in spirometric values in relation to ET-1 levels. Methods. The study included 28 patients (15 male, 13 female, mean age 55.9±16. 2 years) with end stage renal diseases (ESRD) receiving regular hemodialysis (HD), 23 patients (10 males, 13 females, mean age 55.8±15.8 years) with ESRD treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) without any cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, and 30 healthy volunteers (14 male, 16 female, mean age 51.8±15.6 years) in control group. In each of the three groups the participants were divided into two additional sub-groups according to the serum levels of ET-1. The spirometry values were recorded before the onset of hemodialysis and prior to emptying the peritoneal cavity in CAPD patients. The results were analyzed using standard statistical methods (Student’s t-test). Results. Patients who were treated with HD or CAPD were found to have significant difference in values of most pulmonary function parameters between subjects with ET-1 levels lower than 6,6 pg/ml and subjects with ET-1 levels higher than 6,6 pg/ml. In the control group there was no difference in pulmonary function parameters in correlation with ET-1 levels. ET-1 values in patients of both dialysis groups were significantly higher compared to healthy subjects. Conclusions. Higher levels of ET-1 in dialysis patients over healthy subjects is associated with lower parameters of lung function tests. A possible pathophysiological mechanism for deterioration of pulmonary function might be explained by progression of inflammation, pulmonary oedema also known as “uraemic lung” or/and the progression of pulmonary hypertension.

The influence of family-correlated survival on Nb/N for progeny from integrated multi- and single-generation hatchery stocks of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1258-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
G R Moyer ◽  
M S Blouin ◽  
M A Banks
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Single Generation ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Few Data

There exist surprisingly few data on the final variance and mean of family sizes for hatchery-born fish at the adult stage. Thus, it is difficult to predict, for a conservation hatchery operation that minimizes the variance in progeny number, how much lower the true effective population size (Ne) of a cohort of hatchery-born adults will be than Ne predicted simply by the number of parents that produced them. We used parentage analysis to estimate the survival and Ne for two integrated stocks of hatchery coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). One hatchery is a multigeneration stock obtained by spawning 70% hatchery with 30% naturally reproducing fish, whereas the second is a single-generation stock derived from naturally reproducing coho. There was no significant difference in average overall survival between stocks, but observed Ne was significantly less than expected for each stock. Family-correlated survival contributed to roughly a 20% reduction in Ne over the freshwater and marine life stages. This reduction is similar to previous estimates and suggests a value that can be used when estimating the effective number of hatchery parents in applications of the Ryman–Laikre formula (at least for programs such as ours that attempt to equalize sex ratios and family sizes).

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